US2738933A

US2738933A - Jaw crushers

Info

Publication number: US2738933A
Application number: US329784A
Authority: US
Inventors: Frank H Dougherty
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1953-01-06
Filing date: 1953-01-06
Publication date: 1956-03-20
Anticipated expiration: 1973-03-20

Description

March 20, 1956 F. H. DOUGHERTY JAW CRUSHERS 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed. Jan. 6. 1953 INVENTOR H FRANK DOUGHERTY,

ATTOR March 20, 1956 F. H. DOUGHERTY 2,

JAW CRUSHERS Filed Jan. 6, 1955 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 2

INVENTOR FRANK H. DOUGHERTY,

ATTORNEY March 1956 F. H. DOUGHERTY JAW CRUSHERS 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 6, 1953 11] m 7 N E V m J wm... WE F I M wwm Jaw E. vw awn mm ww l Q .n r g mw an? a Hu mm PM, QNM. u. 1 m. ll x mm I Wm 9v Mm l II 1:11! I: 0 w a; 0\ L n 1/ mm, km, fin. k\ k E C an L 9% FRANK H DOUGHERTY,

ATTORNEY March 1956 F. H. DOUGHERTY 2,738,

JAW CRUSHERS Filed Jan. 6, 1953 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 2 f I I l INVENTOR FRANK H. DOUGHERTY,

ATTORNEY March 20; .1956 F. H. DOUGHEVR/II'YQ JAW CRUSHERS 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 6, 1953 FIG. 5

INVENTOR FRANK H. DOUGHERTY,

ATTORNEY United States Patent JAW CRU HER Frank H. Dougherty, Langaster, Pa.

App i t n J a y e a No- 29, 4

26 Claims. (Q1. 241-264) This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for crushing relatively hard; materials such as rock, ore and the like, and is more particularly directed to, crushing. apparatus of the class known as jaw crushers.

Conventional jaw crushers comprise essentially a rigid crushing face, a usually hinged movable jaw, and an eccentric motion for actuating the hinged jaw toward: and away from the rigid crushing face. In one. type, the hinged jaw swings about an overhead axis, and in another type about a bottom axis. Usually, the eccentric motion is transmitted from an eccentric mounted on a main or drive shaft by a pinnan, or. from a similarly mounted cam by a hinged lever, to a toggle which acts through the free end of the hinged. jaw to impart the tremendous pressure on the material entering the. crushing chamber required for its reduction. There are, of course, numerous variations of the aforesaid crusher design; but, all jaw crushers have the. common feature that the, force exerted against the shaft by eccentric or cam throw, and which is a direct function of the. crushing pressure developed during a crushingoperation, is applied more or less uni-directionally to the shaft, that is to say, to one side thereof, and thus causes or tends to cause shaft deflection. When it is further considered that the main bearings in which the eccentric orv cam shaft is journaled arev required not only to supply. the thrust or reaction force enabling the shaft to withstand. such unidirectionally. applied high force, but also. to take a continuous succession of shock forces accompanying the intermittent breaking that occurs during a normal crushing operation, it will readily be appreciated that shaft and bearing failures are not infrequent. and that, even in the absence of actual failures, a large-size. shaft and massive bearings are required, and the bearings usually run hot, thus introducing serious lubricating problems.

Broadly stated, an object of. the invention is to provide an improved jaw crusher characterized, by a novel cam motion system providing. high mechanical advantage, and which further protects the 'main or cam shaft against deflection, while at the same timereli eving the main bearingsofthe requirementof providingthe thrust reaction for the crushing loads transmitted to the shaft by the throwof the cam.

Another object of the invention is. the provision of an improved jaw crusher, wherein. the deflective force applied to the main shaft consequent to cam throw is effectively neutralized bya substantially. equal force applied to the shaft in opposite direction.

Yet another object of the inventionis the provision of an improved jaw crusher employing a novel cam motion system. which itself supplies the thrust, reaction for the forces transmitted to the cam shaft consequent to the crushing operation.

Still another object of the invention is the. provision of an improved. jaw. crusher.characterizedsbya cam motion. system so constructed and arranged as to effect a subdivision of the high crushingloads'. occurring during each actuation of themovable. jaw andthedelivery of the 2,738,933 Patented Mar. 20, 1956 subdivided loads to the cam shaft in the form of opposing forces which effect a squeezing action. on the shaft rather than a deflection thereof.

A further object of the invention. is the provision of an improved jawcrusher wherein the cam motion. is provided by twotoggle systems arranged symmetrically to opposite sides of; the cam shaft and which are of substantially similar size and. weight, thereby to insure maximum balance, as well as favorable distribution. of the crushing loads transmitted to the shaft.

Another objeet of the invention is. the provision of an improved jaw crusher characterized by a cam; motion which effects actuation of themoving; jaw. with substantially bodily linear motion rather than with the conventional swinging motion, thus. to eliminate jaw wear caused by relative vertical movement of the jaws, as. in. conventional hinged or swinging jaw crushers.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of an improved multi jaw crusher, wherein several pairs or sets of jaw faces. are positioned and. arranged soasto provide several independent crushing chambers which can be fed; from the samecommon hopper at the same time yet independently of one another.

Yet another object of theinvention. is the provision of an improved; multi-jaw. crusher employing a sizing screen which slopes in two directions, the. arrangement of jaw sets and sizing screen; being such, that the material flowing, from one set; of'jaws passesto the screen, which diverts the material; requiring; further reduction to one or the other of theremaining jaw sets.

More detailed objects of; the invention are to provide an improved jaw crusher character-ized'by'simple, sturdy and. economical construction, by simple.- and cheap means for mounting. the movable jawv for substantially straightline horizontal movement, and by safety features permitting. the movable jaw to, give, as when trampiron is encountered.

The above andvother objects. and features of advantage ofa jaw crusher according: to this invention will appear in. the. following detailed description thereof, reference being. had to the accompanying drawings illustrating vari- Fig. 1 is a, longitudinal section taken. through one form I of jaw. crushen according :to theinvention;

Fig, 2 is a section; taken; alongline 2 2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a viewfsim-ilarto Fig. 11-, but illustrating amodified cam motion and toggle system for actuatingthemova e ja Fig. 4;is alongitudinal section taken. through thecrushing chamber of a mul tiejaw. crusher illustratingthe-application, of a cam motion or toggle system according to the invention to such, a construction;

Fig. Sis. a viewsimilar, to Fig. 4, illustrating a further application of the principles of this invention to a crusher of. the typeknown as a three-jaw'crusher incorporating a SlZlIl-g; screen;

6 is a detail view-lookingintoone of th'e movable aw supporting means; and:

Fig. 7 is a section'taken along line7-7 ofFig. 6.,

ReferringtoEigs, l, 2, 6' and: 7; illustrating a jaw crusher, employing one form of; cam motion system. for actuating; the movable jaw according to this invention, reference numerahwtgenerally. indicates a crusher frame whichmay, comprise side'members 11 andiZ (Fig. 2), and, cross beams. extending therebetween and providing a frame end; member; 13;.the latter supporting, inv adjustably. inclined position within the frame enclosure, a fixed jaw assembly generally designated 14.. Illustratively, said jaw-assembly comprises a. transversely extending supporting plate 151 and hard-metal wear,

plates

16, 16a secured thereto; which" together constitutew a. fixed crushing face 17. Inasmuch as the constructional 'details of the fixed jaw assembly and its mounting are conventional, no detailed description thereof is given.

Cooperating with the fixed jaw so as to form there with a crushing chamber is a movable jaw assembly 18 shown to be constituted by a transverse supporting plate 19 and hard-metal wear plates 20, 20a secured thereto and which together form a movable crushing face 17A. The supporting plate may be structurally reinforced by rearwardly extending ribs 21 giving it the necessary strength and rigidity, of which the two endmost ribs may function as the side plates for the movable jaw assembly.

According to one feature of the invention, simple and inexpensive means are provided for suspending the movable jaw assembly 18, which for convenience will be hereinafter referred to as the movable jaw, from the frame and within the frame enclosure. Referring to Figs. 6 and 7 illustrating one of the supporting means, there being two such supporting means one for each side of the movable jaw, such may comprise an upright supporting arm or link 22 whose upper and lower end edges are formed as arcs of a circle struck from a center located at the link mid-point. The link 22 is normally vertically disposed and extends between vertically related upper and lower horizontal surfaces, the upper being the under face of an upper block 23 which is secured as by welding to the end plate of the movable jaw, and the lower horizontal surface being the upper face of a lower block 24 secured as by bolts 25 to the horizontal bottom edge of an opening 26 provided in the adjacent side member of the frame. By reference to Fig. 7, it will be observed that the upper block 23 is offset to extend into the plane of the frame opening 26, thereby to maintain the link 22 in the vertical plane of said opening. Preferably, retaining plates such as the plate 27 secured to the upper block 23, or other appropriate retaining means, are employed to confine movement of the link in said plane. By the described arrangement, the weight of the movable jaw 18 is transmitted to the

side members

11 and 12 of the main frame 10 through the pair of intermediate supporting links 22. It will also be understood that because of their arcuate end edges said links may roll in the manner of a wheel on the aforesaid upper and lower horizontal surfaces as provided by the

blocks

23, 24. Hence, upon a push or pull force being applied top and bottom to the movable jaw 18, it moves bodily on the supporting links with horizontal linear motion, and this is also substantially the case when the push or pull force is applied alternately top and bottom to the movable jaw.

As forecast above, the invention also provides a novel cam-motion system for translating cam throw into horizontal linear or substantially linear movement of the movable jaw 18 and which is further specially designed so as to protect the cam shaft against deflection and to relieve to a substantial degree the main or cam shaft bearings of the requirement of supplying the thrust reaction for the high crushing loads transmitted to said shaft. One form of such a cam motion is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, wherein reference numeral 28 designates the drive or cam shaft which is journaled for rotation in

main bearings

29, 30 mounted in the

frame side members

11, 12. The drive shaft may mount a fly-wheel 31 keyed or otherwise affixed to a projecting end of the shaft and which functions to smooth out irregular shaft motion, and the shaft is driven from its other end through a suitable source of power (not shown). The cam which generates the cam motion responsively to rotation of the shaft may take form of a single-lobe cam 32 carried by the shaft 28 and preferably formed integral therewith, as shown in Fig. 2.

According to the invention, two toggle mechanisms designated T1 and T2 disposed symmetrically to opposite sides of the shaft 28, are employed to translate throw of the cam 32 into movement of the movable jaw 18 toward the fixed jaw 14. More particularly, one toggle T1 is disposed to the upper side of the shaft and the other toggle T2 is disposed to the lower side of the shaft. The upper toggle T1 illustratively comprises two toggle arms in the form of solid, transversely extending

plates

33, 34, the forward end of the front toggle arm 33 en gaging on a transversely extending seat affixed in a transversely extending seat block 35 carried by and extending from the rear face of the movable jaw 18 adjacent its top end. The rear end of said toggle arm 33 has a blocklikc section, and affixed to its rear side face is a trans versely extending seat 36 for the front end of the companion toggle arm 34, the rear end of which engages on a transversely extending seat affixed in a transversely extending seat block 37 carried by an upper transverse beam 38 extending between the

frame side members

11, 12.

Secured to the under fiat face of the block-like rear end of the toggle arm 33 as by bolts is a transversely extending hanger-type support 39 for a non-rotary axle shaft 40 on which a transverse series of cam followers 41 are journaled for rotation in bearings. As seen in Fig. 2, the support 39 preferably incorporates between its end plates a plurality of partition plates 39a spaced to accommodate the cam followers 41, said plates being shaped along their lower end edges to embrace the upper periphery of the axle shaft 40 and thus serving to buttress the shaft from above at a plurality of points along its length. The described axle shaft mounting provides a simple yet extremely rigid form of axle mount for the rotatable cam followers 41, which latter normally bear on the drive shaft 28, but are engaged by the cam 32 once per revolution of said shaft. As is well understood, such engagement results in the

toggle arms

33, 34 being straightened, i. e. moving upwardly to a substantially straight line relation, thereby to exert a thrust force against the upper end of the movable jaw 18 in dircction as to actuate it toward the fixed jaw 14.

The lower toggle mechanism T2 illustratively comprises toggle

arms

42, 43, also having the form of transversely extending plates, of which the forward end of the toggle arm 42 engages on a seat afiixed in a transversely extending seat block 44 secured as by welding to a rigid thrust-transmitting hollow box-beam 45 which extends longitudinally-rearwardly from the lower end of the movable jaw 18. The rear end of the toggle arm 42 is formed with heavy block-section providing a substantially rear vertical face which mounts a transversely extending seat 46 for the forward end of the companion toggle arm 43, the other end of which engages on a transverse seat afiixed in a transversely extending seat block 47 secured to a lower transverse beam 48 extending between the frame side members.

As illustrated, the block-like rear end of the toggle arm 42 is of two-part construction, the

parts

42a, 42b thereof being adapted to slide relatively of one another on a common meeting surface indicated at 42c, and which is preferably inclined. In normal operation, said

block parts

42a, 42b are yieldably held against relative sliding movement as by means of elongated bolts 49 extending longitudinally through both said parts and compression springs 50 mounted thereon, the springs being reactive against the rear end face of the block part 4211 and adjusting nuts 51 threaded on said bolts. The purpose of the two-part slidable construction and of the yielding connection between the

parts

42a, 42b will be explained later.

Secured to the top flat face of the relatively upper block part 42b of the toggle arm 42 is a transversely extending support 53 for a non-rotary axle shaft 54 carrying a transverse series of cum followers 55 journaled for rotation on bearings carried by said shaft. The support 53 is a replica of the support 39, 39a except that its position is turned thus to expose the upper periphery of the cam followers 55 to the cam 32. Thus, the cam followers 55 are engaged by the cam once per revolution oftthei hatt i sand; it t l-be vobserved ,that such enga -v ment occurs at intervals of 'appr0ximatelyl80? ofshaft rotation; with; respect .to engagement of the cam 32 with the camfollowers 41; of the upper toggle T1. The afpresaidengagementof cam 32'with the cam followers 55aresults indownward movement of the toggle arms 42; 43ito substantially straight line relation, i. e. straightening; ofthe toggle, and hence in a thrust force, being applied tothe bottom end ofthemovablejaw 18 in direction as to cause it to move, -towards..the fixed jaw 14.

The'returnstroke ofthe; upperv endof the movable jaw 18; following its, actuation by, the upper; toggle mechanism; T1, is, efiectedas; by springs, 58,1 mounted on the projecting rear ends ofbolts 59 ;extending between the upper-corners of themovable jawand theendsof the; aforesaid upper transverse beam.38. Similarly, the return stroke, of the lower endof the movable jaw 18 is.-effeeted bysprings 61 011, the projecting rear ends of longitudinal, bolts 62 which are disposed outwardly of the:frame side members 11 and 1-2 andextend between the; lower: end of the movable jaw and the aforesaid lower transverse beam 48 extending between the side frame members.

Preferably, the, connection betweenthe forward, or head ends of the bolts 62 andthe loweruend ofthe movablejaw 18-is such as to provide for limited movement ofthe saidlower end independently of the lower toggle mechanism T2 and the retracting springs 61-, for example, during a repair operation. For this purpose, the head ends of the bolts 62 areeach formed'asaclevis 6;3-and said clevis endsare connected as. by vertical bolts 64 (Fig. 1) to the ends of a-transverse bar 65 extending through and affixed to the box beam45. Said barv ends project through slot-like openings-66 provided therefor in the lower

frame side members

11, 12, said side frame members also mounting external brackets through which stop. bolts 67 are threaded. Said stopv bolts provide adjustable stops for theends of the transverse bar 65 which permit some movement, thereof along the frame openings 66 in leftwise direction (Fig.1) over and above that resulting from straightening of the lower toggle 12 .of the stop bolts, but by proper adjustment of the stop bolts, this movement will always be less than that, which would enable the lower toggleparts to disengage and drop-away from one another whenthetensiontof springs 61 is released.

The toggle mechanisms T1 and T are yieldably, connected by a spring form of connection generally designated 68, which assists in maintaing both: toggle mechanisms in their relatively retracted position, and thereby, the cam followers 41, '5 in engagement with the shaft 28; and/or its cam 32. Additional, springs 69, 70 (Fig. 2), exert an upward resilient thrust on the lower toggle mechanism T2 and serve to take a substantial portion of the weight of the parts making up the, same. Thus, the

springs

69,70, the spring link connection 68 and the retracting springs 61 all contribute to maintaining the lower toggle T2 in its. retracted position, thereby positively insuring engagement of the cam followers 55 thereof with the shaft 28 and/ or its cam 32.

The operation and functioning of the above described toggle system will, it is believed, be clear to persons skilled in the art. Briefly, rotation of the drive shaft 28 results in the toggle mechanisms T1 and T2 being alternately spread or straightened at intervals of 180 of shaft rotation. When the toggle T1 is straightened, and considering that the lower toggle T2 is now at rest and that its point of connection with the movable jaw'provides a fulcrum point for the latters movement, a heavy thrust is applied to the upper end of the movable jaw 18 in direction causing it to move towards the fixed jaw and thereby to exert crushing pressure on the material. passing through the crushing chamber. The crushing load is ofcourse distributed over the full face area of themovable jaw; 18, and a; substantial fraction thereof, which 6 man eas'a rta s: oneh lft i Ql I W$hlP QQ Q is taken .by,.the,lower end ofasaid jaw,and,hence.,by the.lower toggle mechanism-T2, Since. thhe, latter, rather, than actingas. a rigid link, constitutesa live linkage system interposedbetween the lowenendof the movable jaw, theframe and the intermediate driveshaft, 2 8, it transmits, a, component. of force, which, is. directly, proportionalrto that fraction of the crushing load,taken' ,,by the saidlower end, to ,the hshaft 2,8, and by, virtue of the symmetrical disposition of the toggles, applies same to the opposite. side, of the ,shaft fr om mercies applied thereto by.. the,,thro w,, of the,

cam

32,11; straightening t he pper; le me hanism, 1- h se: or losin fOIces. aforesaid have. a squeezingv actionon the I shaft. 28., and, hence neither force can result, in any substantial deflection thereof, as is likely toresult .in shaft fa" res. Moreover, since the l meehanism T2 tse fetfestwely supplies a substantial thrust reaotion forthe force ap pli ed tothe shaft 28. by theicam or eccentric in causing the upper toggle mechanism tostraighten-out, themain bear; ings 29, 30 are relieved to a substantialdegree of the requirement of supplying such thrust reaction,

Upon engagement of, the cam 32. with the cam followers55 of the lower togglemechanism T said toggle mechanism. is spread or straightened, and, as a cons'equence thereof, a substantial thrust is applied against the-bottom of the moving jaw 18, causingit to move towards the. fixed 18 about the point of connection between theupper. end of themovable jaw and the upper toggle Ti acting asafulcrum point, and, in so doing, tofsupply the. necessary crushing pressure. In this case, a substantial fraction of the. crushing load" is taken by the top end of the. movable jaw 18 and transmitted throughthe upper toggle mechanism Tr as a comp onent of downward force on the shaft 28, i. e. as a force in opposition tothe forceexerted thereon by the action of thecam 32 isstraightening the lower toggle mechanism T2, Thus, the opposing force not only prevents upward deflection of theshaft but it also relieves the main bearings 29,60 of the requirement of supplying the thrust reaction for the forcewhich the cam applies to the shaft when straightening the lower toggle mechanism T2.

Although the movable jaw is actuated alternately top and bottom, it will be understood that the mechanical advantage to, the shaft is the same as if-the jaws were moved simultaneously top and bottom, as by meansof a double lobe cam to be later, described. It will also be appreciated that, due to the unique suspension of the movablejaw 1 8 on rolling upright links 22, the movable jaw moves, bodily. with a substantially linear motion, even though it is actuated alternately top and bottom. Accordingly, no substantial vertical motion of the jaw takes place as is, likely to cause excessive wear or the jaw faces, with the result that jaw. wear is held to a minimum. Another advantage of a toggle system as described above is that it consists of twotoggle mechanisms arranged symmetrically to opposite sides of'the shaft 28, and having substantially similar size and weight. Thus, maximum balance as well as the favorable distribution of forces effective on the shaft consequent to alternate straightening of the toggle mechanism as explained above are assured.

Reverting to the two-part construction of the rearward end ofthe toggle arm 42 of the lower toggle mechanism T2 and the yielding

connection

49,, 50, 51 between the two

parts

42a, 42b thereof, such. permit thelower end-of the movable jaw 18 to give upon non-crushable material such. as tramp iron being fed through the crushing chamber. It will be understood that whenv desired or for applications making same advisable, the aforesaid twopart block construction and yielding connectionbietween the block parts may also. be incorporated into the upper toggle mechanisms/1T1.

F st i ustra e mo ified: form Qfia ru her ordin e h inven ion, h ch inc rmra e th pvl cam motion and toggle system for actuating the movable jaw, as previously described and as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, but difiers therefrom in that the two toggle mechaiiismsTr and T2 are simultaneously rather than alternately straightened, with the result that the movable jaw is actuated simultaneously top and bottom. Such may be simply achieved through the provision of symmetrical cams 32a, 3217, which are spaced apart substantially 180 on the drive shaft 28, rather than the single-lobe cam 32, as previously described.

By analysis, it will be observed that the symmetrical or' double-

lobe cams

32a, 32b elfect simultaneous straightenirig of the toggle mechanism T1, T2, resulting in substantially equal thrust forces being applied simultaneously, top and bottom, to the movable jaw 18, causing it to move bodily and with substantially straight-line horizontal movement towards the fixed jaw 14. Such results in a more or less equal distribution of the crushing loads being taken by the top and bottom of the movable jaw, and hence in the transmission of these crushing loads equally to the frame and to opposite sides of the drive shaft 28 to which latter they are applied in the form of equal and opposite forces. Hence, defiective forces applied to said shaft by cam or eccentric throw in conventional jaw crushers employing a single toggle system for translating cam or eccentric throw into jaw movement are effectively neutralized, since each of the two toggle mechanisms T1 and T2 supplies the thrust reaction for the other. It follows that the

main bearings

29, 30 are even more effectively relieved of the requirement for supplying any substantial thrust reaction than with the Figs. 1 and 2 form of toggle system. Moreover, since the movable jaw moves bodily with a substantially true straight-line motion, jaw wear resulting from relative vertical movement between the fixed and moving jaw, as in conventional jaw crushers, is completely eliminated.

Referring to Fig. 4, such illustrates the application of a toggle system as described above for translating throw of the cam 32 (or of the

cams

32a, 32b) to the common movable jaw unit of a multiple jaw crusher. According to this modification, the fixed jaw assembly generally designated 70 comprises a transversely extending supporting plate 71 rigid with the frame end-member 13a and longitudinal plate-like members 72 extending substantially at right angles therefrom. Said members 72 are accordingly disposed parallel to the frame sidemembers 11 and 12, and their rearward edges are stepped according to the number of jaw sets employed, the illustrated crusher construction being characterized by four such jaw sets. The riser portions 72a72d extending between the steps carry cross supports for hard metal wear plates 7311-7311, the latter constituting individual fixed crushing faces which are disposed at different vertical levels and in horizontally offset or staggered relation.

The movable jaw assembly generally designated 75 illustratively comprises a vertical supporting structure consisting of a pair of transversely extending structural members 76, 76a rigidly aifixed to one another as by horizontal spacing webs 77, the aforesaid structural member 76 carrying plate-like members 78 extending longitudinally-forwardly therefrom. Said members 78, like the members 72, are disposed parallel to the frame side-

members

11, 12 and their forward edges are stepped complementally to the stepping of the forward edges of the said members 72. The substantially vertical edge portions or risers (corresponding to risers 72a-72d) carry cross supports 79a-79d for hard metal wear plates 80a-80d constituting individual, movable crushing faces which pair with the aforesaid fixed crushing faces 73a73d, thus to provide four sets of crushing jaws arranged at different elevations and with each lower jaw set being horizontally offset from the next higher jaw set. It will be seen that with each pair or set of jaw faces defining a crushing chamber, four independent crushing chambers are provided, but that all four crushing chambers are arranged to be independently fed from a common hopper 81.

The movable jaw assembly 75 may be and preferably is supported from the

frame side members

11, 12 for bodily reciprocatory travel by upright supporting links 22 as previously described, and said assembly is actuated toward and away from the fixed jaw assembly 70 by the aforesaid toggle system T1 and T2, and by the retracting rods and springs, respectively, as employed in either of the Fig. 1 or Fig. 3 constructions.

Pi g. 5 illustrates another form of crusher construction to which a toggle system according to the invention lends itself in practical and effective manner. In such a construction, the fixed jaw assembly generally designated comprises a plurality of vertically disposed and roughly L-shaped plate members 91 backed by and extending longitudinally from the frame end member 131). At their rear edges, the plates 91 carry vertically spaced cross supports for the hard metal wear plates 92a, 92b, 92c, constituting individual fixed crushing faces disposed at different vertical levels, of which the middle crushing face 92b is offset to one side and the lower crushing face 93b is offset to the other side of the upper crushing face 92a.

The movable jaw assembly generally designated 96 includes a main cross member 97 from which vertical structural members 98 extend longitudinally in the direction of the fixed jaw, said members 98 carrying cross supports for hard

metal wear plates

99a, 99b, 99c, constituting movable crushing faces arranged to pair with the offset fixed crushing faces 92a, 92b, 920, respectively.

consequent to the arrangement of the pairs or sets of jaws at different levels and the offsetting of the middle and lower jaw sets to opposite sides of the upper jaw set, all as aforesaid, there is provided a substantial space directly beneath the discharge end of the crushing chamber formed by the upper jaw set 92a, 99a and between the middle and lower jaw sets. According to the invention, a sizing screen 100 is mounted in said space, being carried by longitudinal-forward extensions of the structural members 98 of the movable jaw assembly, said extensions carrying cross plates 101, 102, to the top edges of which the screen 100 is secured.

The sizing screen 100 has the shape of an inverted V in longitudinal section, and it is dimensioned and arranged so that its sides slope toward the middle and lower jaw sets, respectively. The apertures of the wire mesh or other material from which the sizing screen is fabricated are of such size that material which has been adequately reduced by the action of the upper jaw set 92a, 99a will pass through the screen, from which it falls on to a conveyor 104 located so as to receive the discharge from all three jaw sets. The material which has not been reduced sufliciently is diverted sidewardly by the screen to either the middle or lower jaw sets, from whence, following further reduction. it falls on to the conveyor 104.

As with the Fig. 4 modification, the movable jaw assembly 96 according to the Fig. 5 construction, is supported for bodily reciprocatory movement from the

frame side members

11 and 12 as by the aforesaid upright links 22, and is bodily actuated toward the fixed jaw assembly 90 by the toggle system T1, T2 of either the Fig. l or Fig. 3 forms, and throughout its return stroke or travel by the retracting rods and springs as aforesaid.

In operation of a crusher according to Fig. 5, the rock or other solid material is initially delivered to the crushing path defined by the crushing faces 92:], 990, the discharge therefrom falling on to screen 100. Adequately crushed material passes through the screen on to the conveyor 104. However, material requiring further reduction is diverted to either the middle or lower crushing chambers as defined by the jaw faces 92b, 99b, and 920, 99c, the material discharging from these further paths also falling on to the conveyor 104. Since the sizing screen 100 is carried by the movable jawassembly 96, it partakes of movement therewith, 'so that screening action is promoted. I i

Without further analysis, it. will be appreciated that the invention achieves in simple and effective manner the desirable objectives therefor outlined in the foregoing. In all of theillustrated crusher forms, the. crushing load is transmitted back to the driving shaft, and distributed as forces acting on the shaft from its opposite sides at the same time, whereby they squeeze. the shaft rather than imposing defective action thereon. It follows that the main or drive. shaft bearings. are relieved to a substantial degree of the requirement. of supplying the reaction for the force or forces applied to the shaft consequent to eccentric or cam throw, since this reactionissupplied instead by the crushing load actingthrough one or both of the toggle mechanisms T1, T2.

Also, a cam motion system according to the invention lends itself to a wide variety of crusher designs wherein bodily linear or substantially linear motion of the movable jaw rather than aswinging movement is desirable. Thus, in addition to its application to a conventional or single jaw crusher design as illustrated in Figs. 11 and 3, the eccentric motion system of' the invention may be applied to the, so-called multi-jaw crushers, including suchacrusher construction employing a sizing screen arranged to pro.- mote a highly efficient crushing action, as by diverting material leaving one jaw set and which requires further reduction to one or more jaw sets wherein further reduction is obtained. 7

As many changes could be made in carrying out the above constructions withoutdeparting. from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in theaccompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and. not in a limiting sense.

This application is. a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 208,277, filed January 29, 1951, now abandoned.

I claim:

1. A jawcrusher comprising, incombination, a frame, a fixed jaw rigid with said frame, a movable jaw, rollinglink means supporting the movable jaw from the frame for substantially bodily reciprocatory movement toward and away from the fixed jaw, means for actuating said movable jaw toward the fixed jaw including a drive shaft, cam means thereon, and a toggle mechanism actuable by the cam means and adapted during straightening to apply an actuating thrust on said movable jaw, means for transmitting a portion of the crushing load developed on actuation of the movable jaw to the drive shaft as a force opposing the force exerted on the shaft by'said cam means in straightening the togglemechanism, and means for actuating the movable jaw away from the fixed jaw.

2. A jaw crusher comprising, in combination, a frame, a fixed jaw rigid with said frame, a movable. jaw, rollinglink means supporting the movable jaw from the. frame for substantially bodily reciprocatory: movement toward and away from the fixed jaw, means for actuating said movable jaw towards the fixed jaw including a drive shaft,

a toggle system operative between the frame andthe upper and lower ends of the movable jaw andcam'means on the drive shaft for actuating said toggle system, said toggle system being constructed and arranged so as to tansmit portions of the crushing load developed upon movement of the movable jaw to the drive. shaft as forces acting on said shaft from opposite sides thereof, and means for actuating the movable jaw away from the fixed jaw.

3. A jaw crusher as set forth in claim- 2, whereinsaid toggle system comprises apairof toggle mechanisms symmetrically disposed to. the opposite side of the; drive; shaft and being operatively connected; to the upper and; lower ends of said movable jaw, respectively,

4-. A jaw'crusher comprising, in combination, a frame, a.- fixed jaw-rigid:with1theiframe, movable. jaw,;means supporting; themovable jaw fromthe frame. for substantia'lly bodily 'reciprocatory':moyenient, toward and away from the fixed jaw, meansrfor' actuatingvsaid moya-ble jaw towards the. fixed jaw including a; drive shaft, upper and lower toggle: mechanisms. arranged symmetrically to. opposite sides of'the shaft and being operatively connected to the frame and to the; upper and lowerend's. of the-mowablejaw, respectively, and cam' means; carried? by said shaft for effecting simultaneously straightening of said toggle mechanisms, each said toggle providinga live: linkage system for translatingr'a; portion of the: crushing load developed upon actuation of, themovablejaw into a component of force elfective onsaid drive. shaftin a direction opposite that of the force exerted? thereon by the; other toggle/mechanism, and; means. for actuating the movable jaw away from thefixed jaw.

5. A jaw crusher comprising, in combination, a frame, a 'fixedjaw rigidwith said frame, a movable jaw, means supporting the movable jaw for substantially bodilyreciprocatory movement: toward; and away from the fixed jaw, means. for. actuating said movable-jawtoward the fixed jaw including upper and lower toggle mechanisms operatively connected to the: frame and to'the upper and lower ends of'the. movable jawrespectively, and a; drive shaft disposed intermediate sa-id toggfe mechanisms for actuating: the latter simultaneously, the construction and arrangement being such that in addition to actuating the movable jaw, said toggle mechanisms" are: each effective to translate the portion of'thecrushing; load taken by the end of the. movable. jaw to which it is connected into a force acting onrsaid shaft inopposition to; the force exerted thereonthroughthe other togglemechanisms, and means for actuatingthe movable jawaway from the fixed jaw.

6. In a crusher, a frame, -a fi'xedi jaw rigid with the frame, a movable jaw, rolling-link means mounting said m0vable jaw from said frame for substantially equal movement, topv and. bottom, toward thefixed jaw, toggle means operative between the frame and each. of the top and bottom,.-respectively, of the; movable jaw for imparting movement as aforesaid to said movable jaw, and a single drive shaft for actuating said toggle: means.

7. A crusher as set forth in claim 6, wherein said toggle means and drive shaft are cooperatively arranged. so. as to apply an actuating force to. the; top of the: movable jaw during one portion of the rotation-of the. drive shaftand to the. bottom ofthemovable jaw during: another portion of the rotation of the drive shaft.

8. A crusher as. set forth in clai1rr6', wherein said tog.- gle means and drive: shaft are cooperatively arranged so as to actuate the movable. jaw: substantially equally and simultaneously, top and bottomi- 9. In a crusher, a frame, a fixed jaw rigid with said frame, a: movable jaw, and means for actuating, the; movable. jaw towards the fixed jawcomprising a: single drive shaft having toggle actuating means: thereon and toggle means operative between the top and bottom of the movable jawand said frame and actuablerbysaid toggle-actuatingmeans, said toggle-means being positioned: so: as. to be operative to divide the crushingloadinto: substantially equal. quantitiesand to translate: said quantities into forces acting simultaneously on said'shaft from. substantially opposite sidesthereof;

10. In. a. crusher, a frame; a; pair of opposed crushing jaws, rolling-link means; mounting one of: jaws from said frame for bodily movement in a horizontal: plane, and means. for actuating said movableijaw top and bottomto wards and away'from. the. other jaw.

11. In a crusher, a frame, a pair. of opposed crushing jaws, meansmounting one of said jaws from said frame for bodily movement in a horizontalplane comprising a pair of vertically disposed load-supporting links operative between the. frame sides and said one jaw and having rolling, engagement therewith, and means for actuating said onejaw, top and bottom, towards andflaway from the. other jaw.

12. In a crusher, a frame, coacting jaws supported on said frame for relative reciprocatory movement toward and away from one another, means including a toggle mechanism operative between the frame and one of said jaws, and toggle straightening means for imparting such relative movement to the jaws, said toggle mechanism including a pair of articulated toggle arms and said toggle straightening means including a thrust-transmitting member for transmitting thrust to one of said toggle arms adjacent its articulated end, said thrust-transmitting member and said one toggle arm meeting along a plane surface which is inclined to the direction of thrust transmitted to said one toggle arm, whereby to permit relative lateral displacement of said thrust transmitting member and said one arm upon the occurrence of abnormal thrust, and resilient means operative between said thrust-transmitting member and said one toggle arm for resisting such lateral displacement.

13. In a crusher, a frame, a fixed jaw rigid with said frame, a movable jaw, rolling-link means mounting the movable jaw for substantially bodily reciprocatory movement toward and away from the fixed jaw, means for actuating the movable jaw as aforesaid, said jaws mounting a plurality of pairs of cooperating jaw faces, said pairs being arranged at different vertical levels and being laterally offset one from the other. i

14. A crusher as set forth in claim 13, wherein said pairs of jaw faces are arranged in step relation.

15. A crusher as set forth in claim 13, wherein three pairs of jaw faces are provided, the intermediate pair being disposed to one side and the lower pair being disposed to the other side of the upper pair, and wherein a screen is disposed in the path of crushed material from the upper pair of jaw faces and is constructed and arranged so as to divert said crushed material failing to pass the screen to one or the other of the intermediate and lower pairs of jaw faces.

16. A crusher as set forth in claim 15, wherein the screen is carried solely by the movable jaw and partakes of its movement.

17. A crusher for rock and like solids comprising, in combination, a frame, coacting jaws supported on said frame for relative reciprocating movement toward and away from each other, and mechanism mounted on said frame for imparting such relative movement to said jaws, said mechanism comprising a pair of toggles located in spaced relation, said toggles being operatively connected to one of said jaws at spaced points and reacting against said frame to impart reciprocatory movement to said jaw, a shaft supported for rotation on said frame, said shaft being disposed intermediate said toggles, and a cam on said shaft operatively connected with said toggles, said cam being so shaped as to effect concurrent straightening of said toggles, whereby thrust on said shaft is substantially balanced.

18. A crusher for rock and like solids comprising, in combination, a frame, coacting jaws supported on said frame for relative reciprocating movement toward and away from each other, jaw faces supported on said jaws in opposed relation to provide a path for the flow of solids therebetween, and mechanism mounted on said frame for imparting relative movement to said jaws, said mechanism comprising a pair of toggles located in spaced relation, the pivotal axes of one toggle being parallel to the pivotal axes of the other, said toggles being operatively connected to one of said jaws at spaced points and reacting against said frame to impart reciprocatory movement to said jaw, a shaft supported for rotation on said frame with its axis parallel to the pivotal axes of said toggles, said shaft being disposed intermediate said toggles, and a symmetrical radial cam on said shaft engaging said toggles to efiect straightening thereof and a consequent distribution of the crushing load through said toggles to opposite sides of said shafts.

19. A crusher for rock and like solids comprising, in

combination, afrarne, coacting jaws mounted on said frame, means supporting at least one of said jaws forsub stantially rectilinear bodily movement toward and away from the other of said jaws, and mechanism. operatively connected to said movable jaw at spaced locations on the latter for applying at each of such locations a thrust of substantially the same amplitude and intensity, said means comprising a plurality of toggles, each reacting at one end against said movable jaw at one of said locations, and means carried by said frame, disposed intermediate said toggles, and operatively engaging said toggles to exert thrust on said toggles in opposite directions to eifect straightening thereof.

20. A crusher for rock and like solids comprising, in combination, a frame, coacting jaws mounted on said frame, means supporting at least one of said jaws for substantially rectilinear bodily movement toward and away from the other of said jaws, and mechanism operatively connected to and acting between said frame and said movable jaw at spaced locations on the latter for applying at each of such locations a thrust of substantially the same amplitude and intensity, said mechanism including a drive shaft, and means for delivering the crushing load resulting upon movement of said one jaw to opposite sides of the shaft.

21. A crusher for rock and like solids comprising, in combination, a frame, coacting jaws mounted on said frame, opposed jaw faces supported on said jaws, said faces converging downwardly to provide therebetween a narrowing path for the downward discharge of solids, means supporting one of said jaws for substantially rectilinear bodily movement toward and away from the other of said jaws, said means comprising generally up right supporing links, one adjacent each side of said movable jaw, each link having a rolling connection at one of its ends with said movable jaw and at theother of its ends with said frame, and mechanism operatively connected to said movable jaw at spaced locations on the latter for applying at each of such locations a thrust of substantially the same amplitude and intensity, said means comprising a plurality of toggles, each reacting at one end against said movable jaw at one of said 10- cations, and means carried by said frame operatively engaging said toggles to effect straightening thereof, said last named means comprising an eccentric device supported for rotation on said frame.

22. A crusherfor rock and like solids comprising, in combination, a frame, coacting jaws mounted on said frame, opposed jaw faces supported on said jaws, said faces. converging downwardly to provide therebetween a narrowing path for the downward discharge of solids, means supporting one of said jaws for substantially rectilinear bodily movement toward and away from the other of said jaws, said means comprising generally upright load supporting links supporting said one jaw from below, and mechanism operatively connected to said movable jaw at spaced locations on the latter for applying a thrust at each of such locations.

23. A crusher for rock and like solids comprising, in combination, a frame, coacting jaws mounted on said frame, means supporting at least one of said jaws for substantially rectilinear bodily movement toward and away from the other of said jaws, and mechanism operatively connected to said movable jaw at spaced locations on the latter for applying a thrust at each of such locations, said means comprising a plurality of toggles, each reacting at one end against said movable jaw at one of said locations, and means carried by said frame and operatively engaging said toggles to effect straightening thereof, said last named means comprising an eccentric device supported for rotation on said frame and disposed intermediate said toggles.

24. A crusher for rock and like solids comprising, in combination, a frame, coacting jaws supported on said frame for relative reciprocating movement toward and away from each other, and mechanism mounted on said frame for imparting such relative movement to said jaws, said mechanism comprising a toggle, and devices applying pressure to said toggle to straighten the latter, said devices including a pair of thrust transmitting members having engaged surfaces defining a plane inclined to the direction of thust transmitted through said members, whereby relative lateral displacement of said members occurs in response to excessive thrust, and resilient means acting between said members to resist such lateral displacement.

25. A crusher for rock and like solids comprising, in combination, a frame, coacting jaws supported on said frame for relative reciprocating movement toward and away from each other, mechanism mounted on said frame for imparting such relative movement to said jaws, a vertical series of pairs of opposed jaw faces supported on said jaws and being arranged in laterally offset relation to provide a plurality of downwardly directed paths for the flow of solids between said pairs of jaw faces, and a common hopper for supplying solids directly to all said paths.

26. A crusher for rock and like solids comprising, in combination, a frame, coacting jaws mounted on said frame, means supporting at least one of said jaws for substantially rectilinear bodily movement toward and away from the other of said jaws, mechanism mounted on said frame for imparting such relative movement to said jaws, a plurality of pairs of coacting jaw plates mounted on said jaws to provide between each pair of plates a downwardly directed path for solids, one of said pairs of plates being disposed above and discharging crushed solids into others of said pairs of plates, and a screen in the path of the'discharging solids and interposed between said first named pair of plates and said others of said pairs of plates to divert adequately crushed material from the latter, said screen being carried by and moving with said movable jaw, and being inclined downwardly in opposite direction toward each of the others of said pairs of plates.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 122,832 Hope Jan. 16, 1872 223,281 Dubois Jan. 6, 1880 539,092 Stanton May 14, 1895 657,958 Reynolds Sept. 18, 1900 1,346,871 Andresen July 20, 1920 1,994,224 Linn Mar. 12, 1935 2,485,718 Ebersol Oct. 25, 1949 2,631,785 Bogie Mar. 17, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 7,494 Austria s Sept. 29, 1879 750,087 France May 15, 1933 868,256 France Sept. 22, 1941