US2715377A - Method of forming heads for boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, and the like - Google Patents

Method of forming heads for boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, and the like Download PDF

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US2715377A
US2715377A US418016A US41801654A US2715377A US 2715377 A US2715377 A US 2715377A US 418016 A US418016 A US 418016A US 41801654 A US41801654 A US 41801654A US 2715377 A US2715377 A US 2715377A
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head
closures
plane
flanges
fluid
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Jr Hartwell H Gary
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
    • B21D26/029—Closing or sealing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/24—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F17C2209/234—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of closing end pieces, e.g. caps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789—Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49893—Peripheral joining of opposed mirror image parts to form a hollow body

Definitions

  • My invention relates to improvement in method of forming heads for boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, and the like, and more particularly to a method of forming head closures which have a circular convexly curved head portion with an integral depending circumferential flange.
  • One object of my invention is to provide a method by the use of which circular convexly curved head closures for boilers, tanks, etc. may be formed very economically in various desired diameter sizes without the incurring of the very substantial costs involved when dies and presses are used to form such heads.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide a method by the use of which residual stresses in the metal of which the head closure is formed are relieved contemporaneously with the forming of the convexly curved portion of the head closure.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide a method by the use of which the convexly curved portion of the head closure is formed by stretching of the metal itself, and without any shortening of the diameter of the head closure.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide a method by the use of which the convexly curved portion will be formed simultaneously in two head closures.
  • Fig. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic sectional view of two separated plane head closures provided with integral circumferential flanges.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view similar to Fig. l and with the opposed flanges of the heads in engagement with each other and a circular support ring interposed between the two head closures.
  • Fig. 3 is a somewhat diagrammatic elevation of the structure shown in Fig. 2, and with the two head closures welded together circumferentially at the point of contact of their respective flanges.
  • Fig. 4 is a top plan of the structure shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the structure shown in ill) Fig. 3 and with the plane surfaces of the heads expanded to convexly curved configuration by internally applied fluid pressure.
  • Fig. 6 is an elevation of the structure shown in Fig. 5 and with the two head closures shown cut apart at the weld which connected the respective flanges together, and with the support ring removed.
  • Fig. 7 is an elevation of a convexly curved head closure made with the use of my improved method.
  • Fig. 1 shows somewhat diagrammatically two circular head closures 1 formed from flat sheet steel, or other metal, and which are provided with integral depending flanges 2 which are formed by any of the methods well known in the art.
  • said flanges 2 may be formed by welding a circumferential depending strip of the proper Width to the plane head portion 3 of the head closure.
  • One of the pair of head closures 1 is provided with an axial opening in which a fluid conduit means 5 is mounted in fluid tight relationship with the plane head portion 3.
  • the fluid conduit means 5 is connected with a fluid conduit 5a which is connected to a convenient source of fluid under pressure sufficient to bulge the plane head portion 3 to convex configuration, as hereinafter described.
  • a circular metal ring 6 of substantially the same diameter as the internal diameter of the flange 2 is inserted between the two head closures 1.
  • the ring member 6 is, conveniently, of general block 0 shape in cross section, and is of sufiicient section to withstand, without deformation, the radial stresses resultant from the introduction of fluid under pressure to tween the heads, the radial stresses of the fluid pressure would cause extreme buckling of the heads and the flanges.
  • the width of the ring member 6 is slightly less than the distance between the inside surfaces of the two plane head portions 3 when the flanges 2 thereof are positioned together, as indicated in Fig. 2.
  • the two heads 1 are welded together circumferentially at the abutting portions of their flanges 2, as indicated at 7.
  • Fluid under pressure is then introduced into the two welded together head closures through the fluid conduit means 5 from the source of fluid under desired pressure.
  • the member 6 being of ring form, the forces of the fluid under pressure will be exerted uniformly on the inside faces of both plane head portions 3, and will cause the plane surfaces 3 of each head closure to be bulged uniformly from a plane form as shown at 3 in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 to the convexly curved configuration 9, as shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7.
  • Fluid pressure applied through the fluid conduit means 5 will cause the plane surfaces 3 to bulge in an even or uniform manner, and the fluid pressure is increased in value until the head portions have bulged to the required radius of dish.
  • the fluid pressure is relieved from 2 circular convexly curved head closures of the desired 3 radius of dish and with integral depending flanges of the desired diameter.
  • the head closures may then be inserted in the opposite ends of the preformed cylindrical body portion of the boiler, pressure vessel, tank, and the like, and the heads integrally connected with the body portion of the boiler, etc., in any well known manner, such as by welding.
  • the method of making head closures for boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, and the like consisting in forming circular head closures with a plane head portion and a depending circumferential flange from flat sheet metal; providing a plane head portion with axial fluid conduit means in communication at its inner portion with the interior of said head closure and adapted to be connected at its outer portion to a source of fluid under pressure; positioning two of said head closures together, one of which being provided” with a said fluid conduit means, in axial alignment and with their respective circumferential flanges in abutting relationship and with a circular metal'ring member, having substantially the same outside diameter as the internal diameter of said flanges, positioned within said pair of head closures, with said ring member in substantially fluid-tight circumferential contact with the respective flanges of each head closure near the junction of the flange and plane head portion; circumferentially welding the flanges of said head closures together at their abutting surfaces; subjecting the plane head portions of said two welded together head closures to internal
  • V 2 The method of making head closures for boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, and the like consisting in forming circular head closures with a plane head portion and a depending circumferential flange from flat sheet metal;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)

Description

Aug. 16, 1955 H. H. GARY, JR
METHOD OF FORMING HEADS FOR BOILERS, PRESSURE VESSELS, TANKS, AND THE LIKE Filed March 23, 1954 ,yarz refa H 2 HQ W ATTORNEY.
United States Patent Oflflce 2,715,377 Patented Aug. 16, 1955 NIETHOD OF FORD ENG HEADS FOR BOILERS, PRESSURE VESSELS, TAWKS, AND THE LIKE Hartwell H. Gary, Jr., Norfolk, Va.
Application March 23, 1954, Serial No. 418,016
4 Claims. (Cl. 113-121) My invention relates to improvement in method of forming heads for boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, and the like, and more particularly to a method of forming head closures which have a circular convexly curved head portion with an integral depending circumferential flange.
It is customary practice at present to form such circular convexly curved head closures having an integral depending flange from flat sheets of steel, or other metal, by the use of dies, or by spinning operations. The manufacturing cost of forming circular convexly curved head closures with an integral depending flange by spinning operations is rather prohibitive. When only small quantities of such circular convexly curved head closures of a certain diameter are required, the cost of the necessary dies and the cost of setting up the dies in presses for the production of only a small quantity of heads is also practically prohibitive. In addition, such head closures when formed in dies have certain inherent residual stresses set up in the metal, and such heads, preferably, after formation should be subjected to annealing processes to relieve the residual stresses.
One object of my invention is to provide a method by the use of which circular convexly curved head closures for boilers, tanks, etc. may be formed very economically in various desired diameter sizes without the incurring of the very substantial costs involved when dies and presses are used to form such heads.
Another object of my invention is to provide a method by the use of which residual stresses in the metal of which the head closure is formed are relieved contemporaneously with the forming of the convexly curved portion of the head closure.
Another object of my invention is to provide a method by the use of which the convexly curved portion of the head closure is formed by stretching of the metal itself, and without any shortening of the diameter of the head closure.
Another object of my invention is to provide a method by the use of which the convexly curved portion will be formed simultaneously in two head closures.
The accompanying drawings show somewhat diagrammatically the progressive steps in my improved method, which has proven to be very satisfactory in commercial use.
In said drawings, Fig. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic sectional view of two separated plane head closures provided with integral circumferential flanges.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view similar to Fig. l and with the opposed flanges of the heads in engagement with each other and a circular support ring interposed between the two head closures.
Fig. 3 is a somewhat diagrammatic elevation of the structure shown in Fig. 2, and with the two head closures welded together circumferentially at the point of contact of their respective flanges.
Fig. 4 is a top plan of the structure shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the structure shown in ill) Fig. 3 and with the plane surfaces of the heads expanded to convexly curved configuration by internally applied fluid pressure.
Fig. 6 is an elevation of the structure shown in Fig. 5 and with the two head closures shown cut apart at the weld which connected the respective flanges together, and with the support ring removed.
Fig. 7 is an elevation of a convexly curved head closure made with the use of my improved method.
Referring to said drawings, Fig. 1 shows somewhat diagrammatically two circular head closures 1 formed from flat sheet steel, or other metal, and which are provided with integral depending flanges 2 which are formed by any of the methods well known in the art. Of course, said flanges 2 may be formed by welding a circumferential depending strip of the proper Width to the plane head portion 3 of the head closure.
One of the pair of head closures 1 is provided with an axial opening in which a fluid conduit means 5 is mounted in fluid tight relationship with the plane head portion 3. The fluid conduit means 5 is connected with a fluid conduit 5a which is connected to a convenient source of fluid under pressure sufficient to bulge the plane head portion 3 to convex configuration, as hereinafter described.
As shown in Fig. 2, a circular metal ring 6 of substantially the same diameter as the internal diameter of the flange 2 is inserted between the two head closures 1. The ring member 6 is, conveniently, of general block 0 shape in cross section, and is of sufiicient section to withstand, without deformation, the radial stresses resultant from the introduction of fluid under pressure to tween the heads, the radial stresses of the fluid pressure would cause extreme buckling of the heads and the flanges.
As shown in Fig. 2, the width of the ring member 6 is slightly less than the distance between the inside surfaces of the two plane head portions 3 when the flanges 2 thereof are positioned together, as indicated in Fig. 2.
As shown in Fig. 3, the two heads 1 are welded together circumferentially at the abutting portions of their flanges 2, as indicated at 7. Fluid under pressure is then introduced into the two welded together head closures through the fluid conduit means 5 from the source of fluid under desired pressure. The member 6 being of ring form, the forces of the fluid under pressure will be exerted uniformly on the inside faces of both plane head portions 3, and will cause the plane surfaces 3 of each head closure to be bulged uniformly from a plane form as shown at 3 in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 to the convexly curved configuration 9, as shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7.
Fluid pressure applied through the fluid conduit means 5 will cause the plane surfaces 3 to bulge in an even or uniform manner, and the fluid pressure is increased in value until the head portions have bulged to the required radius of dish. When the head portions have been bulged to the desired radius, the fluid pressure is relieved from 2 circular convexly curved head closures of the desired 3 radius of dish and with integral depending flanges of the desired diameter.
The head closures may then be inserted in the opposite ends of the preformed cylindrical body portion of the boiler, pressure vessel, tank, and the like, and the heads integrally connected with the body portion of the boiler, etc., in any well known manner, such as by welding.
It is obvious that various modifications may be made in my improved method without departing from the essential features thereof, and, I do not desire to limit myself to the precise details of the method as herein described.
I claim:
1. The method of making head closures for boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, and the like consisting in forming circular head closures with a plane head portion and a depending circumferential flange from flat sheet metal; providing a plane head portion with axial fluid conduit means in communication at its inner portion with the interior of said head closure and adapted to be connected at its outer portion to a source of fluid under pressure; positioning two of said head closures together, one of which being provided" with a said fluid conduit means, in axial alignment and with their respective circumferential flanges in abutting relationship and with a circular metal'ring member, having substantially the same outside diameter as the internal diameter of said flanges, positioned within said pair of head closures, with said ring member in substantially fluid-tight circumferential contact with the respective flanges of each head closure near the junction of the flange and plane head portion; circumferentially welding the flanges of said head closures together at their abutting surfaces; subjecting the plane head portions of said two welded together head closures to internal pressure by means of fluid under pressure introduced through said fluid conduit means, said fluid under pressure being of a value suflicient to bulge convexly the plane head portions of said welded together head closures to the desired radius of dish; relieving said internal fluid pressure when said head portions have been 'bulged convexly to the desired radius of dish; cutting the two head closures apart at their side flange portions; and removing said ring member from within said head closures.
V 2. The method of making head closures for boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, and the like consisting in forming circular head closures with a plane head portion and a depending circumferential flange from flat sheet metal;
providing a plane head portion with fluid conduit means in comunication at its inner portion with the interior of said head closure and adapted to be connected at its outer portion to a source of fluid under pressure; positioning two of said head closures together, one of which being 7 provided with a said fluid conduit means, in axial alignment and with their respective circumferential flanges in abutting relationship and with a circular metal ring member, of general channel cross section and having substantially the same outside diameter as the internal diameter of said flanges, positioned within said pair of head closures, with the flange portions of said channel shaped ring member in substantially fluid-tight circumferential contact with the respective flanges of each head closure near the junction of their flange and plane head portion; circumferentially welding the flanges of said head closures together at their abutting surfaces; subjecting the plane head portions of said two welded together head closures to internal pressure by means of fluid under pressure introduced through said fluid conduit means, said fluid under pressure being of a value suificient to bulge convexly the plane head portions of said welded together head closures to the desired radius of dish; relieving said internal fluid pressure when said head portions have been bulged conveXly to the desired radius of dish; cutting the two head closures apart at their side flange portions; and removing said ring member from within 7 said head closures.
3. The method of making head closures for boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, and the like consisting in forming circular head closures with a plane head portion and a depending circumferential flange from flat metal; providing a plane head portion with fluid conduit means in communication at its inner portion with the interior of said head closure and adapted to be connected at its outer portion to a source of fluid under pressure; positioning two of said head closures together, one of which being provided with a said fluid conduit means, in axial alignment and with their respective circumferential flanges in abut ting relationship and with a circular metal ring member, of general block 6 configuration in cross section and hav ing substantially the same outside diameter as the internal diameter of said flanges, positioned within said pair of head closures, with said block 0 shaped ring member in substantially fluid-tight circumferential contact with the respective flanges of each head closure near the junction of their flange and plane head portion; circumferentially welding the flanges of said head closures together at their abutting surfaces; subjecting the plane head portions of said two welded together head closures to internal pressure by means of fluid under pressure introduced through said fluid conduit means, said fluid under pressure being of a value suflicient to convexly bulge the plane head portions of said welded together head closures to the desired radius of dish; relieving said internal fluid pressure when said head portions have been bulged conveXly to the desired radius of dish; cutting the two head closures apart at their side flange portions; and removing said ring member from within said head closures.
4. The method of making head closures for boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, and the like consisting in forming circular head closures with a plane head portion and a depending circumferential flange from flat metal; provid ing a plane head portion with fluid conduit means in cornmunication at its inner portion with the interior of said head closure and adapted to be connected at its outer portion to a source of fluid under pressure; positioning two of said head closures together, one of which being provided with a said fluid conduit means, in axial alignment and with their respective circumferential flanges in abutting relationship and with a circular metal ring member, provided with an intermediate circumferential recess portion and having substantially the same outside diameter as the internal diameter of said flanges, positioned within said pair of head closures, with said ring member in substantially fluid-tight circumferential contact with the respective flanges of each head closure near the junction of their flange and plane head portion; circumferentially welding the flanges of said head closures together at their abutting surfaces; subjecting the plane head portions of said two Welded together head closures to internal pressure by means of fluid under pressure introduced through said fluid conduit means, said fluid under pressure being of a value sufiicient to convexly bulge the plane head portions of said welded together head closures to the desired radius of dish; relieving said internal fluid pressure when said head portions' have been bulged convexly to the desired radius of dish; cutting the two head closures apart at their side flange portions; and removing said ring member from within said head closures; whereby, the residual stresses in the metal of which said head closure is formed are relieved contemporaneously with the forming of the convexly curved portion of said head closure.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,503,190 Branson Apr. 4, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS 115,957 Australia Q Sept. 29, 1942
US418016A 1954-03-23 1954-03-23 Method of forming heads for boilers, pressure vessels, tanks, and the like Expired - Lifetime US2715377A (en)

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2954604A (en) * 1955-09-06 1960-10-04 R H Baker & Company Inc Method for forming a pipe fitting
DE1120413B (en) * 1956-11-14 1961-12-28 John Thompson Wolverhampton Lt Process for grooving flat or arched sheet metal floors
US3046647A (en) * 1959-03-03 1962-07-31 Smith Corp A O Method of fabricating hemispherical multi-layer heads
US3073018A (en) * 1959-11-14 1963-01-15 Gauthron Robert Method of constructing an elevated reservoir
US3386151A (en) * 1965-09-14 1968-06-04 Grove Valve & Regulator Co Valve construction method
US3460224A (en) * 1967-06-30 1969-08-12 Grove Valve & Regulator Co Valve bonnet construction method
US3475809A (en) * 1967-08-01 1969-11-04 Union Tank Car Co Method of expanding a railway tank car
DE1775885B1 (en) * 1965-09-03 1971-06-03 Grove Vlave & Regulator Co PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING VALVE CHAMBERS FOR GATE VALVES
FR2228551A1 (en) * 1973-05-08 1974-12-06 Eta Sa Method of forming hollow sheet metal sphere - metal cylinder deformed by internal water pressure within spherical mould
US3895436A (en) * 1972-01-18 1975-07-22 British Aircraft Corp Ltd Forming metals
US4285109A (en) * 1976-04-05 1981-08-25 D. Mueller Welding, Inc. Method of hydrodynamic forming
WO1986003436A1 (en) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-19 Dynatrans Technology Ltd. A method of producing bidimensionally curved, thin-walled tank end walls
FR2591131A1 (en) * 1985-12-10 1987-06-12 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING RESERVOIRS BY SUPERPLASTIC STATE DEFORMATION
WO2001012357A1 (en) * 1999-08-17 2001-02-22 Alcan Deutschland Gmbh Method for the production of a hollow body
WO2018210606A1 (en) * 2017-05-19 2018-11-22 Enrichment Technology Company Ltd. Zweigniederlassung Deutschland Polar cap-reinforced pressure container

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2503190A (en) * 1947-04-07 1950-04-04 Mcnamar Boiler & Tank Company Method of forming spherical containers

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2503190A (en) * 1947-04-07 1950-04-04 Mcnamar Boiler & Tank Company Method of forming spherical containers

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2954604A (en) * 1955-09-06 1960-10-04 R H Baker & Company Inc Method for forming a pipe fitting
DE1120413B (en) * 1956-11-14 1961-12-28 John Thompson Wolverhampton Lt Process for grooving flat or arched sheet metal floors
US3046647A (en) * 1959-03-03 1962-07-31 Smith Corp A O Method of fabricating hemispherical multi-layer heads
US3073018A (en) * 1959-11-14 1963-01-15 Gauthron Robert Method of constructing an elevated reservoir
DE1775885B1 (en) * 1965-09-03 1971-06-03 Grove Vlave & Regulator Co PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING VALVE CHAMBERS FOR GATE VALVES
US3386151A (en) * 1965-09-14 1968-06-04 Grove Valve & Regulator Co Valve construction method
DE1550261B1 (en) * 1965-09-14 1970-08-20 Grove Valve & Regulator Co Process for the manufacture of gate valves for gate valves
US3460224A (en) * 1967-06-30 1969-08-12 Grove Valve & Regulator Co Valve bonnet construction method
US3475809A (en) * 1967-08-01 1969-11-04 Union Tank Car Co Method of expanding a railway tank car
US3895436A (en) * 1972-01-18 1975-07-22 British Aircraft Corp Ltd Forming metals
FR2228551A1 (en) * 1973-05-08 1974-12-06 Eta Sa Method of forming hollow sheet metal sphere - metal cylinder deformed by internal water pressure within spherical mould
US4285109A (en) * 1976-04-05 1981-08-25 D. Mueller Welding, Inc. Method of hydrodynamic forming
WO1986003436A1 (en) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-19 Dynatrans Technology Ltd. A method of producing bidimensionally curved, thin-walled tank end walls
FR2591131A1 (en) * 1985-12-10 1987-06-12 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING RESERVOIRS BY SUPERPLASTIC STATE DEFORMATION
WO2001012357A1 (en) * 1999-08-17 2001-02-22 Alcan Deutschland Gmbh Method for the production of a hollow body
WO2018210606A1 (en) * 2017-05-19 2018-11-22 Enrichment Technology Company Ltd. Zweigniederlassung Deutschland Polar cap-reinforced pressure container
CN110662918A (en) * 2017-05-19 2020-01-07 恩普洛克斯有限责任公司 Pressure container with reinforced pole cap
AU2018268783B2 (en) * 2017-05-19 2021-01-07 Nproxx B.V. Polar cap-reinforced pressure container
CN110662918B (en) * 2017-05-19 2021-09-14 恩普洛克斯有限责任公司 Pressure container with reinforced pole cap
US11402065B2 (en) 2017-05-19 2022-08-02 Nproxx B.V. Polar cap-reinforced pressure container

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