US2710531A - Stocking and method of making the same - Google Patents

Stocking and method of making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2710531A
US2710531A US326967A US32696752A US2710531A US 2710531 A US2710531 A US 2710531A US 326967 A US326967 A US 326967A US 32696752 A US32696752 A US 32696752A US 2710531 A US2710531 A US 2710531A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
plain
crinkled
courses
stocking
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Expired - Lifetime
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US326967A
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English (en)
Inventor
John J Mcdonough
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Scott and Williams Inc
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Scott and Williams Inc
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Publication date
Priority to BE523007D priority Critical patent/BE523007A/xx
Application filed by Scott and Williams Inc filed Critical Scott and Williams Inc
Priority to US326967A priority patent/US2710531A/en
Priority to GB22621/53A priority patent/GB742618A/en
Priority to DES35004A priority patent/DE1061023B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2710531A publication Critical patent/US2710531A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
    • D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
    • D04B1/26—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel stockings

Definitions

  • the irregularity of the stitches breaks up the reflection of light to such extent that a sheen is not apparent even when the yarn used is of monofilament type.
  • crinkled yarn may occur in the leg and instep to provide the foregoing advantages but crinkled yarn may also be used in the knitting of the welt.
  • the welt of a'stocking generally shows up defects in stitch formation more than the leg.
  • the broad object of the present invention is to improve sheer stockings knit by the use of crinkled yarn.
  • the areas incorporating crinkled yarn are knit solely from the crinkled yarn.
  • improvements in the stockings knit from crinkled yarn result from knitting such yarn in only some of the courses, other courses being knit from plain uncrinkled yarn.
  • the leg and instep of a sheer ladies stocking may be produced by two feed knitting on a circular machine, there being knit at one feed crinkled yarn and at the other feed plain yarn. In such case, alternate courses are formed from crinkled yarn and intermediate courses from plain yarn.
  • a further advantage resulting from the present invention is the reduction of tendency of the stocking to become snagged.
  • Another advantage provided in accordance with the present invention is that of lessening the cost of stockings knit from crinkled yarn, the crinkled yarn being relatively expensive as compared with plain yarn due to the additional processing required for crinkling.
  • the invention may also be used in two carrier full fashioned knitting, the result then being the formation of two successive courses of crinkled yarn fed from one carrier with two following successive courses knit from plain yarn fed from the other carrier and so on.
  • each course of crinkled yarn is interlinked with at least one course of plain yarn, and each course of plain yarn is interlinked with at least one course of crinkled yarn.
  • the final knitted stocking is boarded at elevated temperature in the usual fashion.
  • the plain yarn which is used in association with the crinkled yarn is unshrunk. Then after the stocking is completed, shrinkage of this plain yarn takes place in the boarding operation resulting in drawing inwardly of the stocking to the extent permitted by the form on which boarding takes place.
  • Figure l is an elevation illustrating the parts of a stocking manufactured in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged diagram showing the microscopic appearance of a leg portion of a stocking formed in accordance with the invention and involving alternate courses of plain and crinkled yarn as would be produced in accordance with the foregoing discussion by knitting on a two feed circular machine;
  • Figure 3 is a similar diagram showing a portion of the leg of a stocking involving repeats of two courses knit from plain yarn and one course knit from crinkled yarn such as would be produced by three feed knitting on a circular machine or by three carrier knitting on a full fashioned machine;
  • Figure 4 is a similar diagram but showing fabric involving repeats of two courses knit from crinkled yarn and one course knit from plain yarn as would be produced by three feed knitting on a circular machine or three carrier knitting on a full fashioned machine;
  • Figure 5 is a similar diagram showing fabric involving repeats of two courses knit from plain yarn and two courses knit from crinkled yarn as would be produced by /0. carrier knitting on a full fashioned machine or by four feed knitting on a circular machine.
  • the parts of a stocking provided in accordance with the invention are conventional and for purposes of illustration the stocking is shown as comprising a leg portion 2, instep portion 4, sole portion 6, heel 8, toe 10 and welt 12. As will appear, the stocking may have all of these parts of special types known to the art.
  • the invention primarily relates to the fabrics which appear in some or all of the areas indicated.
  • the particular stocking illustrated in Figure 1 is of circular knit type but it will be evident that corresponding stockings would be produced by full fashioned knitting with suitable changes in the particular formations of the various areas, and with seaming up the back in usual fashion.
  • the crimping or crinkling of the nylon yarn which may be of monofilament or multifilament type may be accomplished in various ways, as described in said Frank R. Page patent, and the methods of crimping or crinkling need not be discussed here in further detail.
  • nylon is herein used in illustrative rather than a limited sense since the invention would be generally applicable to yarns formed of synthetic polymers or the like which, upon the application of heat, become softened so as to be capable of taking, upon cooling, a permanent set, including the crinkling referred to.
  • the term nylon refers to commercial yarn comprising one of the usual synthetic long chain polymers having recurring amide groups in its chain.
  • the invention is applicable to other yarns having similar physical properties.
  • the crinkled yarn must for permanence of the crinkles comprise nylon or the equivalent
  • the plain yarn which is involved in accordance with the present invention may well be of silk, rayon or the like, as well as of nylon or a similar plastic yarn.
  • sheer stockings which may well be defined as stockings having yarn of less than 30 denier in their ankle portions.
  • Such sheer stockings may involve yarn of heavier denier in their welt portions, for example, 50 denier or even more, but the advantages of the invention will then still be involved, the result being a stocking having a crepe appearance in those portions knit in accordance with the invention.
  • Such stockings do not pose the same problems as the sheer ladies stockings indicated in that neither the hiding of defects nor the elimination of sheen is involved.
  • the crimped or crinkled yarn may be knit under conventional tensions in conventional machines. Under such tensions the crinkled yarn as it approaches the needles will be substantially straight. However, as soon as knitting occurs and the loops are formed, the per manent crinkles which have been produced in the yarn will reappear providing the irregular loops of crinkled yarn which are characteristic.
  • FIG. 2 will serve to illustrate the characteristics of the fabric produced in two feed knitting when plain yarn is knit at one feed and crinkled yarn is knit at the other feed.
  • the fabric here illustrated is such as would form the leg of a stocking, if formed of denier plain and crinkled nylon yarns knit on a 3% inch 400 needle cylinder machine.
  • the crinkled yarn in this case was, as described in said Page patent, originally knit into a tube which was subjected to shrinking or setting action at a temperature of the order of 225 F. to 250 F.
  • the frequency of recurrence of the permanent crinkles of the crinkled yarn along a course is different from, and anharmonically related to, but not very much greater nor very much less than, the frequency of recurrence of loops along that course. This avoids a repeat pattern such as indicated as undesirable in said Frank R. Page patent.
  • courses of plain yarn are indicated at 14 and the intermediate courses of crinkled yarn are indicated at 16.
  • crinkles in the courses 16 show up as indicated at 18 as irregu lan'ties in the loops and, in some cases as indicated, for example, at 20, the loops of crinkled yarn tend to be displaced out of the normal or average surface of the fabric producing, effectively, overlaps of portions of the loops.
  • the loops of plain yarn will also be noted to be displaced substantially out of walewise alignment as indicated by the loops designated 22.
  • Figure 2 shows the fabric as it appears following boarding to set its stitches, this boarding taking place at elevated temperature in conventional fashion. When this is done the crinkles set in the crinkled yarn and the distortions of loops of the plain yarn are not eliminated but remain permanently in the finished stocking.
  • the fabric of Figure 2 has the advantages previously discussed not only similar to those secured in accordance with the knitting solely of crinkled yarn but those additional advantages referred to involving the elimination of open work mesh appearance, less tendency toward snagging, better control of circumference and reduction of cost by utilization of less crinkled yarn.
  • courses knit of plain yarn are indicated at 24 while courses knit of crinkled yarn are indicated at 26. As will be evident, these occur in repeats of three courses. It will be noted that in general characteristics the fabric is quite similar to that illustrated in Figure 2, there being irregular loops of the crinkled yarn and distorted or displaced loops of the plain yarn.
  • the crinkled and plain yarns occur in repeats of small numbers of courses, the repeat being of two courses in Figure 2, of three courses in each of Figures 3 and 4, and of four courses in Figure 5. Desirably the repeats should not exceed five courses consistently with achievement of the desired results and, as pointed out above, each course of one kind of yarn should be interknit with at least one course of the other kind of yarn, thereby avoiding the appearance of coursewise stripes, as will tend to become evident if there are three or more successive courses of one type of yarn.
  • the fabrics having the structures of Figures 2 to 5, inclusive may be involved in circular, or, with the exception of the fabric of Figure 2, in full fashioned stockings, and in the sheer (e. g. leg and instep) or heavier (e. g. high splice, heel, toe, reinforced sole or welt) parts thereof.
  • the plain yarns may consist of unshrunk or preshrunk nylon or other plastic type or of silk, rayon, or the like. In all cases, the advantages discussed in d tail above are secured.
  • the boarding opera tion following knitting results in shrinkage of the plain yarn or yarns to a tight condition on the form to provide shaping in addition to that resulting from such variable stitch formation as may have occurred during knitting.
  • the result is that despite the relatively less resiliency of the crinkled yarn the normal circumference of the ankle portion of the stocking determined by the plain yarn or yarns after shrinkage; i. e. the ankle may stretch for passage of the foot as the stocking is placed on the leg, but the plain yarn loops Will then resiliently return to their original form to secure a snug ankle fit.
  • the crinkled yarn will not have the same resiliency for return, but that fact will not detract from the return of the plain yarn loops to a proper fit condition.
  • crinkled yarn alone it used such return is not so pronounced and poorer fit at the ankle may result.
  • nylon there may, of course, be used other unshruuk plastic yarns which will shrink upon boarding.
  • preshrunk nylon or other yarn which will not shrink to a substantial degree should form the plain courses interspersed, as described, with the crinkled yarn courses.
  • the welt may then be knit substantially to size.
  • the resulting welt has stretchability to the desired degree.
  • a crepe appearance is secured to render imperfections unnoticeable, as a result of the use Of crinkled yarn, but at the same time there is avoided the increase of apparent thickness of the fabric which results if crinkled yarn alone is used.
  • the same considerations apply to the shadow welt of a stocking which should also be knit of repeats of courses of crinkled and nonshrinking plain yarns of suitable Weight.
  • the invention is applicable to the use of muitifilament as well as monofilament yarns in the plain and crinkled courses.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of. different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from llS being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain yarn, loops containing both of said yarns having such different sizes and shapes.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain yarn, said yarns forming courses in repeats of a small number of courses.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain yarn, said yarns forming separate courses in repeats of a small number of courses.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain yarn, said yarns forming separate courses in repeats of a small number of courses, the yarns being knit in such sequence that each course of crinkled yarn is interknit with at least one course of plain yarn, and each course of plain yarn is interknit with at least one course of crinkled yarn.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one nylon yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain yarn, said yarns forming courses in repeats of a small number of courses.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain nylon yarn, said yarns forming courses in repeats of a small number of courses.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of rope appearance characterized by the presence of. loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one nylon yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain nylon yarn, said yarns forming courses in repeats of a small number of courses.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted fromat least one nylon yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain nylon yarn, said yarns forming courses in repeats of a small number of courses, the yarns being knit in such sequence that each course of crinkled yarn is interknit with at least one course of plain yarn, and each course of plain yarn is interknit with at least one course of crinkled yarn.
  • a sheer knitted stocking blank having the leg portion thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain unshrunk nylon yarn, loops containing both of said yarns having such different sizes and shapes.
  • a sheer knitted stocking blank having the leg portion thereof of crepe ap ear-ance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain unshrunk nylon yarn, said yarns forming courses in repeats of a small. number of courses.
  • a sheer knitted stocking blank having the leg portion thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain unshrunk yarn of a type capable of being shrunk, loopscontaining both of said yarns having such different sizes and shapes.
  • a sheer knitted stocking blank having the leg portion thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of diiferent sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain unshrunk yarn of a type capable of being shrunk, said yarns forming courses in repeats of a small number of courses.
  • a sheer knitted stocking blank having welt and leg portions thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of diiferent sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from each being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain yarn, loops containing said yarns having such dilferent sizes and shapes, said plain yarn in the leg being of a type capable of being shrunk, and said plain yarn in the welt being of a type substantially unshrinkable under conditions of shrinking the plain yarn in the leg.
  • a sheer knitted stocking blank having welt and leg portions thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from each being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain yarn, said yarns forming courses in repeats of a small number of courses, said plain yarn in the leg being of a type capable of being shrunk, and said plain yarn in the welt being of a type substantially unshrinkable under conditions of shrinking the plain yarn in the leg.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having the leg portion thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of diiferent sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain yarn, loops containing both of said yarns having such different sizes and shapes, and said leg portion being further characterized by extensibility char acteristic of shrinkage of the plain yarn following knitting of the stocking.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having the leg portion thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from at least one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and at least one plain yarn, said yarns forming courses in repeats of a small number of courses, and said leg portion being further characterized by extensibility characteristic of shrinkage of the plain yarn following knitting of the stocking.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from one yarn having permanent crinkles therein and one plain yarn, said yarns forming alternate courses.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from plain and permanently crinkled yarns, said yarns forming repeats each comprising two courses of yarn of one type and one course of yarn of the other type.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from plain and permanently crinkled yarns, said yarns forming repeats each comprising two successive courses of yarn of one type and two successive courses of yarn of the other type.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)
US326967A 1952-12-19 1952-12-19 Stocking and method of making the same Expired - Lifetime US2710531A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE523007D BE523007A (lt) 1952-12-19
US326967A US2710531A (en) 1952-12-19 1952-12-19 Stocking and method of making the same
GB22621/53A GB742618A (en) 1952-12-19 1953-08-17 Improvements in or relating to stockings and method of making the same
DES35004A DE1061023B (de) 1952-12-19 1953-08-27 Fein gestrickter oder gewirkter Strumpf

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US326967A US2710531A (en) 1952-12-19 1952-12-19 Stocking and method of making the same

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US2710531A true US2710531A (en) 1955-06-14

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US326967A Expired - Lifetime US2710531A (en) 1952-12-19 1952-12-19 Stocking and method of making the same

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US (1) US2710531A (lt)
BE (1) BE523007A (lt)
DE (1) DE1061023B (lt)
GB (1) GB742618A (lt)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1233529B (de) * 1960-11-02 1967-02-02 Max Nebel Rundgestrickter Strumpf, insbesondere Damenstrumpf
NL132929C (lt) * 1961-02-18 1900-01-01

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2095069A (en) * 1934-03-24 1937-10-05 Kugelman Jack Knitted hosiery
US2097763A (en) * 1934-05-29 1937-11-02 Berkshire Knitting Mills Knitted stocking

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE106852C (lt) *
US1969307A (en) * 1932-05-20 1934-08-07 Charles A Kaufman Hosiery and the manufacture thereof
US2102730A (en) * 1936-07-31 1937-12-21 Clarence L Meyers & Co Stocking
US2396166A (en) * 1945-06-28 1946-03-05 Scott & Williams Inc Circular knit hosiery and method of making same
BE516643A (lt) * 1948-09-22

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2095069A (en) * 1934-03-24 1937-10-05 Kugelman Jack Knitted hosiery
US2097763A (en) * 1934-05-29 1937-11-02 Berkshire Knitting Mills Knitted stocking

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BE523007A (lt)
DE1061023B (de) 1959-07-09
GB742618A (en) 1955-12-30

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