US2680894A - Shuttering for use in the construction of chimneys and other structures - Google Patents

Description

June 15, 1954 E Q'SULLIVAN 2,680,894

SHUTTERING FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS AND OTHER STRUCTURES Filed Aug. 31, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet l E uae/ve g fz //M y M I yer/1M 3 110 Attorneys June 15, 1954 OSULLIVAN 2,680,894

, SHUTTERING FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS AND OTHER STRUCTURES Filed Aug. 51, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 MIM;M

Attor June 15, 1954 E. OSULLIVAN 2,680,894 SHUTTERING FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS AND OTHER STRUCTURES Filed Aug. 51, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 In lieu tor (Edda/v6 & ff'aaul m f 4% By fw g A ttorneyo' Patented June 15, 1954 UNITED ENT OFFICE SE IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF CHIMNEYS AND OTHER STRUC- SHUTTERING FOR U TUBES Claims priority, application Great Britain January 19, 1951 7 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for building structures of concrete or like material of the type in which the material is cast in situ using a suitable mould or shuttering which is removed after the material has set.

In such methods of construction it is known to use a shuttering or mould which is assembled from a number of mould plates which are arranged to form the sides of the structure. The height of these plates is commonly less than the total height of the structure to be built and in order to obtain the required height numbers of the mould plates are arranged one on top of the other.

When erecting such shuttering it is usual to make use of a number of uprights which are erected in suitable positions and which are then connected together by means of horizontal members or rails in order to form a frame structure to which the separate mould plates are attached in order to form the complete shuttering. The construction of such a frame structure usually involves the provision of a large number of parts of different kinds, the collecting together and erection of which takes considerable time.

It is accordingly one of the objects of the present invention to provide an improved form of apparatus which can be simply and quickly assembled to form the required shuttering and which can easily be removed when the material has been cast within the shuttering. A further object of the invention is the provision of such apparatus which is of simple and robust construction and which does not involve the use of large numbers of small separate parts which are liable to become lost or caked with cement or the like.

Another and more particular object of the invention is the provision of shuttering which comprises a plurality of mould plates adapted to be assembled to form the shuttering, wherein at least some of the mould plates are provided adjacent their side edges with tubular uprights and wherein inner members are provided which are adapted to be fitted within the uprights such that when one mould plate is erected on top of another mould plate, inner members can be fitted within the uprights so as to overlap the joints between them in order to position the mould plates relatively to each other. Preferably the lengths of at least some of the inner members are made equal to the heights of the mold plates such that when three or more mould plates are erected one on top of the other each successive inner member above the lowest rests on and is supported by the inner member below it.

In order to connect together the mould plates which are located at the same level it is preferred, according to a further feature of this invention, to make use of locking bars the ends of which are adapted to be detachably connected to two of the mould plates. For this purpose it is preferred to provide at least some of the mould plates with sockets which are located adjacent the side edges of the plates and which are adapted to receive downwardly-extending pins provided on the ends of the locking bars.

A pair of such locking bars may be arranged to connect together two mould plates, the edges of which are spaced from each other by the length of the bars. In order to close the gaps between the plates additional or side mould plates may be used, means being provided for detachably connecting these latter plates to the locking bars. According to one arrangement these additional or side plates may be provided with U-shaped brackets or hooks on their outer sides, which brackets are adapted to receive the looking bars.

Although the apparatus of the invention may be used in the construction of shuttering of various types intended for different purposes, the invention is particularly applicable to shuttering which is intended for use in the construction of rectangular structures or parts of structures, and in particular fireplace and chimney breasts, in houses and other buildings. This application of the invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example.

Reference will be had to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a partly cut-away isometric view showing one form of shuttering in position for forming a pair of fireplace and chimney breasts on opposite sides of a hollow or cavity wall;

Figure 2 is a detail view to a larger scale showing a corner of one of the front mould plates;

Figure 3 is a partly cut-away vertical section taken on the line IIIIII of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is an elevational view showing one of the locking bars used for retaining the side mould plates in position;

Figure 5 is a detail plan view of one corner of the structure showing the attachment of one of the side plates to a front plate;

Figure 6 is a plan view showing a modified form of shuttering which has been arranged to form four fireplaces in the corners formed by the intersection of a solid partition wall with a hollow party wall;

Figure '7 is a detail isometric view to a larger scale showing part of the shuttering of Figure 6.

Referring first to Figures 1 to 5, the apparatus on one of the cavity wall i comprises a lower front mould plate 2, an upper front mould plate 8 and lower and upper side plates 4 and 5 respectively (only one of the lower side plates being visible in the drawings).

The shuttering on the other side of the wall consists of a similar arrangement of front and side plates, the upper front and side plates to and 5a respectively being shown.

The lower front plate 2 and the corresponding plate on the other side of the wall are each made of sheet steel, aluminium or other suitable material the edge portions 6 of which are bent round at right angles, as is best shown in Figure 2. These edges are attached, as by welding or by other suitable means, to tubular uprights l which are conveniently made of steel tube or other material of the appropriate section.

The plate 2 is strengthened by means. of upper, intermediate and lower cross members 8, 9 and I0. respectively, and by a central vertical rib H. The members 8, l and iii are preferably made of channel section steel or other material and they are welded or otherwise secured to the edges or face of the plate 2. The ends of these members are also preferably welded or otherwise attached to the uprights l, as shown in Figure 2.

The rib I l, which may conveniently be of angle material, is secured by welding, or otherwise, to the face of the plate 2 and preferably also to the members 9 and it.

The front plate 2 is provided adjacent each of its four corners with a socket i2. Each of these sockets may conveniently be formed of a short length of channel steel or other material the edges of which are welded or otherwise fixed. to the appropriate upright I. Each socket is formed on the side which is to face the wall i with a slot l3 extending downwardly from its upper edge or lip.

The upper front mould plate 3 is of similar construction to the plate 2 except that it is provided with no vertical strengthening rib corresponding to the rib ll. Thus, the plate 3 is provided along its opposite edges with tubular uprights it carrying sockets i5, which correspond to the upri hts i and sockets i2 respectively, while it is strengthened by means of upper, intermediate and lower cross members iii, i1 and I8 corresponding to the members 8, 9 and Hi respectively.

Each of the lower side plates 4 consists of a sheet of steel or other material to the outer face of which are fixed, as by welding or otherwise, side members 58, upper, intermediate and lower cross members 2%, 2! and 22, and a central rib 23. The members I9, 2E, 21 and 22 are preferably of channel section as shown, while the rib 23 may be of angle or other convenient section.

Mounted on the plate 4 adjacent the upper and lower cross members 2e and 22 are two pairs of hooks 2d and 25 respectively. These hooks may be attached by welding or otherwise to the plate 4 or to the members 26 and 22 or, preferably, both to the plate and to the appropriate one of these members as and 22.

The corresponding lower side plates on the other side of the wall 1 are of precisely similar construction to the plates 4.

The upper side plates 5 are constructed in a similar manner to the lower side plates 4. Thus, each such plate consists of a sheet of steel or other material to theouter face of which are fixed as by welding or otherwise side members 28 and upper, intermediate and lower cross members 2'5, 28 and 29. There is no central rib corresponding to the rib 23.

The plate 5 is also provided with upper and lower pairs of hooks 3B and 3| corresponding to the hooks 2i and 25 respectively.

The side plates 5a are similar to the plates 5.

For each shuttering only one set of lower front and side plates. is provided for use on each side of the wall, but as many sets of the upper plates 3, 3a, 5 and 5a are provided as are necessary to complete the structure up to the required height. Only one set of these upper plates is shown in the drawings.

For securing the upper front plates 3 and 30. in position on top of the front plates below them a number of tubular inner members 32 are provided. The diameter of these members is such that they are an easy sliding fit in the uprights "I and It, while their length is made equal to the lengths of the uprights ii, that is, to the height of the upper front plates 3 and 3a.

To erect the plate 3 on the plate 2 an inner member 32 is inserted into each of the uprights l, where it is supported at such a height that it projects for about half its length above the upper end of the upright l. The members 32 may, for example, be supported by cross pins fitted across the upri hts l or by half-length inner members which are inserted into the uprights and which rest on the ground.

Alternatively the inner members 32 provided for the lower front plates may be longer than the uprights i so that they project by the necessary amount above the top or the uprights 1 when their lower ends are resting on the ground within the uprights.

The side plates are retained in position by means of a number of locking bars 33, 3 3, 35 and 35, which also serve to connect t .e front plates 2 and 3 on one side of the wall I with the corresponding front plates on the other side thereof.

Each of the locking bars, one of which is shown in Figure i, consists of a length of channel steel or other material 37 which is provided at its ends with downwardly-extending pins 38. These pins may be formed of square steel bar (or other suitable material) welded or otherwise secured in position. It should be noted that the dimensions of the slots 53 in the sockets 12 are such that the channel members 31 of the locking bars are easy fits in the slots. To facilitate the erection and dismantling of the apparatus the pins 38 can be tapered.

In order to erect the shuttering the construction of the fireplace and chimney breasts the lower front and side plates 2 and s are assembled in the appropriate positions on the opposite sides of the wall 5 and the lockin bars 33 and 3 5 are fitted in position with their pins 33 engaging in the sockets i2 and with the main parts 3! of the bars engaged in the hooks 25 and 2-5. It should'be noted that during the construction of the wall i openings were left in the latter to allow of the locking b'ars'being passed through the wall. These openings could conveniently be formed by inserting wooden or other blocks in the mould used for formin the wall.

For forming the fireplace and iiue openings suitable cores (not shown) are fitted within the shuttering. the type described in the specification of British Patent No. 632,524. The fireplace core is in- These cores can conveniently be of serted in the lower section of the shuttering and the various sections of flue core are fitted as required at the appropriate stages during the erection of the shuttering and during the building of the structure within it.

Alternatively earthenware or other flue linings could be inserted in the mould and set in the concrete, these linings being left in position in the finished work.

With the lower mould plates and the appropriate fireplace cores in position the shuttering is filled with concrete almost up to the top of the plates, after which a set of upper front and side mould plates 3, 3a, 5 and 5a fitted. To do this inner members 32 are inserted in the corner uprights 1 and the front plates 3 and 3a. are mounted on top of the lower front plates with the uprights M fitted on the projecting ends of the members 32. The side plates 5 and 5a with the locking bars 35 and :56 are now positioned in order to complete this section of the shuttering. After the insertion of the necessary core sections or fiue linings the concrete is run in, again almost to the top of the mould plates.

The above procedure is repeated with the addition of further sets of upper front and side plates, together with the necessary flue core sections or fine linings. When the work has reached the desired height and the concrete has set suinciently the shuttering is removed by reversing the procedure which has been described. The fireplace core and the flue core (if removable flue core sections have been used) are removed and the holes 39 in the wall are then closed by cement or otherwise.

With the above method of construction in which the wall i is erected before the fireplace and chimney structure, it is preferred to include some form of reinforcement in the wall which will project from the face of the latter in order to form a secure bondin with the fireplace and chimney structure. This reinforcement may take the form of suitably spaced strips of expanded metal, such as that shown at M.

Instead of forming the wall first a complete fireplace and chimney structure may be erected initially, after which the wall would be built with its ends abutting against the sides of the chimney structure. In such a case single side plates of a width sufficient to extend from one front plate to the other would be used in place of the narrower side plates of the construction described. These side plates might be constructed on similar principles to the plates i and 5 and could be used with the same front plates 2, 3, etc., and locking bars 33 to 38 as are shown'in Figure l. The method of procedure will be obvious from the foregoing description.

With this form of construction it is preferred to form the chimney structure with reveals at its sides in order to provide a good bonding with the ends of the wall. Such reveals could be formed by suitably shapin the side mould plates or in any other appropriate manner.

Figures 6 and '7 of the drawings show another form of mould which can be used for formin a structure including up to four fireplaces with their appropriate fiues which are located in the corners of four separate rooms.

The mould or shuttering comprises a number of upper and lower front mould plates, two of which are shown at 5! and 52, which may be of similar construction to the front plates 2, 3, etc., of Figures 1 to 5, and a number of upper and lower mould plates, two of which are shown at and upper and lower 53 and 54, which latter plates will, for convenience, be referred to as side mould plates.

Considering the plate 54, this is constructed of sheet steel, or other suitable material, the side edges 55 of which are bent outwardly at right angles. The upper edge portion 56 of the plate may also be bent over at right angles as shown. Tubular uprights 5? are secured in the corners formed by the bent side edges 55, by weldin or otherwise, and an upper cross member 58 is secured by welding or otherwise in the angle formed by the bent upper edge 56. In addition to the upper cross member 58 the plate is provided with intermediate and lower cross members (not shown), while in the case particularly of a lower mould plate it may be provided with one or more vertical ribs similar to the rib H of Figure 1.

The plate 5! is provided on one of its side edges with upper and lower sockets one of which is indicated at 59. These sockets are similar to the sockets i2 of Figures 1 to 5 except that there are no slots in them similar to the slots i 3. It should be noted that the edge portion 55 of the plate 5| is cut away where necessary to allow the sockets 59 to be welded directly to the upright 5?.

The plate 52 is similar to the plate 5i, having uprights along its opposite sides, and sockets 61 mounted on one of these uprights, but in the case of the plate 52 the sockets are located on the opposite edge of the plate as compared with the sockets 59 of the plate 5!. Thus, viewing the plates 5| and 52 from outside the mould structure, the sockets 6 I are on the right hand side of the plate 52 whereas the sockets 59 are on the left hand edge of plate 5|.

The side plate 53 is also made of sheet steel or other suitable material the side edges of which are bent round as shown at 62 to form angles, in

are fitted in a similar manner to the uprights 51 of the plate 5|.

The plate 53 is provided with upper, intermediate and sponding to the rib 23 of Figure 1.

Furthermore, the plate 53 is provided with an additional vertical member 65 which is located nearer to one side of the plate than to the other,

supplementary cross members are provided extending from the member 65 to the adjacent upright 53. These supplementary cross members, the upper one of which similar to 66), are spaced a short distance from.

the upper and lower cross members respectively. The members 65 and 66 may conveniently be formed of channel section material welded or otherwise fixed in position.

Sockets 67 similar to the sockets 59 are mounted on the member and hook elements 68 are secured to the upper and lower supplementary members near their mid-points. As shown in Figure 7, these hook elements 68 may be formed of lengths of channel material 69 which are welded to spacer elements 70, which in turn are welded to the members 6'5.

Locking bars H are provided, each consisting of a length of material of channel, rectangular or other section having downwardly-extending pins '12 at its opposite ends.- These pins are adapted to engage in the sockets 59 and 61, it being noted that, since with this form of construction the sockets are not formed with slots provided with a rib correcorresponding to the slots |3 the pins 12 are made to fit snugly in the sockets 59 and 61.

As is shown in Figure 7, when the locking bar is in position with the pins 12 engaged in the sockets 59 and 51 the central portion of the bar is engaged by the part 59 of the hook element 58. The locking bars thus provide a substantially rigid connection between the plates and 53.

The other side plate 55 is similar to the plate 53, being provided with tubular side uprights 13, with a socket 14 corresponding to the socket 61 and with a hook element i5 corresponding to the hook element 58, it being noted, however, that the socket H1 and hook element 15 are located near the opposite side edge of the plate 54 as compared with the corresponding parts on the plate 53.

Looking bars 16 are provided for engaging in the sockets 6| and id and in the hook element 15 in order to connect the side plate 54 with the front plate 52.

For connecting the plate 5| with the plate 52 and for connecting the plate 53 with the plate 54 tie members 11 are provided. Each of these tie members is constructed of a length of strip steel or other material having at its ends a pair of downwardly-projecting studs (not shown) which are adapted to engage in the upper ends of the uprights 51, 60, 53 and 73.

In order to use the shuttering described, the wall 18, which may be a cavity party wall dividing the houses of a semi-detached pair, is constructed nearly to the height of the tops of the lower mould plates. The wall may be constructed of concrete using a suitable mould.

The lower plates 5|, 52, 53 and 54 are now assembled in position and secured to each other by means of the locking bars H and I6 and the tie members 11. Fireplace cores indicated at 19 are inserted in the positions required to form the fireplaces and concrete is run into the shuttering around these cores on either side of the wall 18.

After doing this the height of the wall is raised by an amount corresponding to the height of the next set of mould plates to be used and sections of core or flue linings to form the flue passages are fitted on top of the fireplace cores 19.

A set of upper mould plates corresponding to the plates 5| to 54 is now assembled on top of the lower plates, using inner members similar to the members 32 to connect the uprights of the upper plates with those of the lower plates and using locking bars similar to the bars H and 15 for connecting the front plates with the side plates. At the corners where the plates 5| and 53 meet and where the plates 52 and 54 meet inner members may be inserted in one or both of the uprights, as may be required.

The tie members TI are removed from the lower plates before the upper plates are fitted in position and are then fitted to the upper plates to connect the latter together across the width of the wall.

Concrete is now run into the shuttering around the flue cores or flue linings inside the upper mould plates to form a further section of the chimney structure. 7

The above procedure is repeated, using further mould plates and core sections until the desired height is reached.

When the concrete has set sufficiently the shuttering is removed and the intersecting sections.

of the walls 80 are constructed. These walls.

be made of concrete or other matepartition walls of single which may rial, are shown as being thickness only.

It will be seen that by the method and apparatus described fireplaces with their necessary lines can be constructed simultaneously in the adjacent corners of up to four separate rooms.

The apparatus shown in Figures 6 and '7 could, with little modification, be used to form a pair of fireplaces and chimney breasts arranged back to back as shown in Figure 1. In this case the side plates 52 and 54 would be made of a width to extend from one front plate 5| to the other front plate 52' and these front plates would be provided with sockets 59 and 6| on both their side edges. Also the socket and hook elements 61, 68 and 14, I5 on the side plates would either be duplicated for the reception of additional short locking bars similar to the bars H and 15 for connecting the plate 5| with the plate 52 and the plate 53 with the plate 54 or the sockets 5i and '54 could be omitted, the hook elements then being arranged to receive long locking bars similar to the bars 33 to 35 of Figure l.

I claim:

1. In an apparatus for constructing a shutter ing for use in the building of structures which are formed, in situ, out of concrete or similar material, the improvement comprising, a plurality of front mould plates, each of said front mould plates having a pair of continuous tubular uprights of substantially the same length as said lates attached thereto, one adjacent each side thereof, a plurality of inner members adapted to fit within said tubular uprights so as to extend beyond the ends of the upright of any one mould plate and thereby form a joint for accurately positioning one of said front mould plates above the other, a plurality of side mould plates, at least one of said side mould plates corresponding in length to the length of one of said front mould plates, a plurality of said mould plates including at least one socket on an outside surface thereof, a locking bar for securing the side mould plates to at least one of the front mould plates, said locking bar having at least two downwardly projecting pins adapted to fit into the sockets of two properly positioned socket-containing mould plates.

2. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 1, the sockets of said mould plates having downwardly extending slots adapted to receive portions of said locking bar adjacent said pins.

3. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 1, two front plates having sockets located at the side edges thereof, said locking bars being adapted to connect said two front plates in spaced relation, and a plurality of hook elements on the outside surface of said side plates adapted to engage said locking bars intermediate the ends of the latter whereby to hold said side plates in a predetermined angular position wtih respect to said front plates.

l. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 2, the width of the side mould plates being at most half of the length or" said locking bars so that said shuttering can be erected on both sides of a wall with the locking bars extending through holes in the wall and connecting a said front mould plate on one side of the wall with a said front mould plate on the other side of the wall.

5. The method of constructing, in situ, two similar structures on two sides of a preformed wall comprising the steps of providing said preformed wall with at least one pair of holes intermediate the height thereof, providing a shuttering device comprising a plurality of front mould plates and a plurality of side mould plates which can be assembled to form said shuttering device, assembling said shuttering device with half of said front plates and half of said side plates on one side of the wall and the other half of said plates on the opposite side of said wall, securing said two halves of said shuttering device together and into close contact with said wall by locking said devices together through said holes in the wall.

6. Apparatus for constructing a shuttering for use in the building of concrete structures, comprising a plurality of front mould plates each having a hollow upright secured to one at least of its side edges and a plurality of sockets mounted on each said upright, a plurality of inner members adapted to be fitted in said uprights, the lengths of at least some of said inner members being substantially equal to the lengths of said uprights, a plurality of side mould plates each having a plurality of sockets and a plurality of hook elements mounted on its outer face and a plurality of locking bars each having socket-engaging elements at its ends, each said locking bar being adapted to be fitted between a socket on a front mould plate and a socket on a side mould plate arranged adjacent and at an angle to said front mould plate with an intermediate portion of said locking bar engaged in one of said hook elements.

7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein tie members are provided for connecting together the upper ends of the uprights of different mould plates, each of which tie members is provided with a pair of downwardly-projecting studs adapted to engage in the ends of the uprights.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 759,573 Weber May 10, 1904 1,451,714 Safiert Apr. 17, 1923 1,569,513 McClain et a1 Jan. 12, 1926 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 643 Great Britain Jan. 9, 1896 632,524 Great Britain Nov. 28, 1949

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