Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/20—Organic compounds containing halogen

Definitions

• This invention relates to fuels which although having relatively high sulfur concentrations, are highly suitable for use in internal combustion engines, and particularly in diesel engines.
• An object of the present invention is to eliminate the necessity of removing sulfur from fuels having a relatively high sulfur content. Another object is to provide a high sulfur content fuel composition which is substantially non-corrosive to the metal parts of internal combustion engines, and which does not cause excessive engine deposits. A further object is to provide a new method of operation for combustion engines. A still further object is to provide a novel process for the production of power from high sulfur content fuels. Other objects and their achievement according to the present invention will be apparent from the specification.
• a metallic inorganic salt as'hereinafter defined, is incorporated in a high sulfur content fuel, it having been discovered that if such a material is incorported into a fuel having a high sulfur content, the corrosive effects of the sulfur oxides are substantially reduced and even substantially completely eliminated.
• a further significant advantage of the present invention is the prevention of oil depletion, i. e., the oil and the oil additives are not attacked by the products of combustion of the fuel, and therefore the oil retains the original. desired characteristics: and. special prop erties.
• the present invention provides new fuel compositions, and a new-x method for operating combustion engines on high sulfur content fuels in a manner so-thatthein fiuence of sulfur on wear and. deposition-..isisube stantially eliminated. It is-,:-funther-::euident-thati the present invention provides a novel process-fun the production of power by burninga. high sulfur content fuel.
• the. metallic nitrates :and carbonates are generally Preferred according to the present. invention, the. metallic nitrates :and carbonates.
• metallic. elements are .those. of. the: alkali or alkaline: earth groups-,- such. asclithium,v sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, calcium, strontium, and barium,..though the..salts .ofother base metalsmay. be used,- such? astitanium, vanadium,. chromium, magnesium,.cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc,.-.cadmium,
• bismuth bismuth.
• baseumetal as, used herein, is. meant those. metals whose. hydroxides 8315i soluble .in. .water, orithe', metals that oxidize rapidly asopposed tocthe noble metals.
• the-.nitratesand.carbonatesof the alkali and alkaline v earth metals suchas, of sodium,,. potassium,.. magnesium, barium nitrates. and. carbonatesillustrate. a .preferred group; of inorganic salts for usein the present-invention.
• Zinc, nitrate and. .carbonate illustrate. further preferred base. metal. salts.
• the nitrates are preferred.
• The, inorganic salts of the. present invention may beincorporated inhigh sulfur content fuels by, any, convenient means.
• Some of the present salts, such ascalcium nitrate, have been found to be. sufficiently. solublein hydrocarbons, such as. diesel fuels. of high sulfur. content, so. that, a suificient .quantity. thereof may.. be.-. dissolved. .di.-.
• A.-'-fur.the1 preferred "embodiment ofethe present invention is the injection of a solution, suspension, or dispersion, preferably a solution, of
• the salt into the fuel or air stream during engine'bperation.
• an alcoholic or aqueous.-solution-.of the salt may be injected into thewengine-iintake-air system, or into the fuel feedslineupriorztorinjection into the combustion chamber. Recourse may be had to a metering device to-regulate' the intermittent or continuous flow of the solution.
• the fuel compositions of the present invention are prepared at a points proximate .to their. ignition,,which;.may be. inathe. combustion. chamberitself, and..of course win. .such. instances. the. fuel compositions have a finite but short life; the existence I of the present fuel: composition,. in...liquid, vaporized or atomized form, for any, length. .of timeprior.
• analkali metal nitrate may form. thenitrite,- or
• Example 1 se to form the non-cor This reaction may: occurthegaseous phase, or' the various metal.
• Example 2 Example 3 Example 2 was repeated except that the concentration of calcium nitrate was reduced to 0.0034% by weight (calculated as Ring wear reduction over that observed when no fuel additive was employed was 11%.
• Example 4 Example 2 was repeated except that 0.0315% by weight of zinc nitrate (calculated as was incorporated in the fuel instead of calcium nitrate.
• Example 5 A standard 1-71 General Motors diesel engine was operated for 80 hours on a diesel fuel containing 0.7% sulfur and the amount of ring wear and piston deposits determined. The experiment was repeated using the same fuel containing incorporated therein 0.022% by weight calcium nitrate (calculated as Ca(NO3)2-4H2O) and 1% by volume isopropyl alcohol.
• Ring wear was reduced by 431% and piston deposits, particularly in the ring belt area, were substantially eliminated by the fuel additive.
• Example 6 Example 5 was repeated except that Mg(NO3)2-6H2O in water solution was applied dropwise to the air induction system. Mg(NO3)2-6Hz0 was calculated to be 0.038% of the total fuel used.
• Ring wear was reduced by 38%, and engine cleanliness was improved, intake port deposits being reduced by 35%.
• Example 7 Example 8 Example 5 was repeated except that 0.015% of Mg (NO3)2-6H20 and 0.1% by volume of isopropyl alcohol was blended into 0.7% sulfur fuel, the resulting fuel composition being fed to the cylinders in the normal manner.
• the optimum quantity of inorganic salt to be incorporated in the high sulfur content fuel will, of course, vary according to the quantity of sulfur in the fuel. As above stated, only very small quantities of the inorganic salts of the present invention need be added to the high sulfur content fuels in order to realize the advantages of the present invention. Thus, the preferred inorganic salts may be present in a quantity as low as about 0.003% by weight of the fuel, and corrosion will be substantially reduced. It is preferred, however, to employ from about 0.02% to about 0.5% by weight, though of course more may be employed where necessary or desirable.
• a high sulfur content diesel fuel which oomprises a hydrocarbon diesel fuel containing from about 0.2% to about 3% sulfur, and from about 0.003% to about 0.5% by weight of hydrate-d calcium nitrate.
• a high sulfur content fuel for internal combustion engines which comprises a hydrocarbon fuel containing from about 0.2% to about 3% sulfur and a minor 3.
• a high sulfur content fuel for internal combustion engines which comprises a hydrocarbon fuel containing from about 0.27 to about 3% sulfur and a minor amount sufficient to substantially reduce the engine wear caused by said sulfur of an inorganic alkaline earth metal nitrate salt.
• a high sulfur content fuel for internal combustion engines which comprises a hydrocarbon fuel containing from about 0.2% to about 3% sulfur and a minor amount sufiicient to substantially reduce the engine Wear caused by said sulfur of a hydrated inorganic alkaline earth metal nitrate salt.
• a high sulfur content fuel for internal combustion engines which comprises a hydrocarbon diesel fuel containing at least about 0.2% sulfur and a minor amount greater than about 0.003 weight per cent and sufiicient to substantially re- :duce thei engine Wear "caused :by :said :su-Iftir: :of'a
• composition of e1aim 5' wl'ierein "the hydrated'bas'e-metal inorganic nitnat'eishydrated izinc'gnitrate.
• ur content 1 of-the hydrocarbon diesel fuel is 10 about 0."? ipenoentv WTLLIAMH. GHANDLER.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

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Cited By (10)

Citations (3)

• 0
  • NL NL72363D patent/NL72363C/xx active
• 1948
  • 1948-02-26 US US11359A patent/US2673145A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (3)

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