US2668107A - Autogenous smelting of sulfides - Google Patents

Autogenous smelting of sulfides Download PDF

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Publication number
US2668107A
US2668107A US101336A US10133649A US2668107A US 2668107 A US2668107 A US 2668107A US 101336 A US101336 A US 101336A US 10133649 A US10133649 A US 10133649A US 2668107 A US2668107 A US 2668107A
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grade
slag
copper
matte
nickel
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US101336A
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Gordon James Roycroft
Norman George Hugh Charles
Queneau Paul Etienne
Sproule William Kelvin
Young Charles Edward
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Huntington Alloys Corp
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International Nickel Co Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/025—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of a matte or by matte refining or converting into nickel or cobalt, e.g. by the Oxford process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C22B1/10—Roasting processes in fluidised form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
    • C22B15/0047—Smelting or converting flash smelting or converting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes

Definitions

  • the present invention relatesto the art of treating nickel and copper sulfide ores, and, more particularly, to the art of autogenously smelting finely divided sulde ores or concentrates containing iron, nickel and/or copper for the production of matte and slag.
  • the nickel concentrate is roasted and the ⁇ resulting calcine is smelted in a reverberatory furnace to obtain reverberatory matte which is bessemerized tc produce a. substantially iron-free, nickel-rich matte also containing copper.
  • the copper concentrate is smelted in a reverberatory furnace, separately from the calcined nickel concentrates, to obtain reverberatory matte which is then bessemerized to produce blister copper.
  • Bessemerizing the reverberatory mattes produces nickel-rich and copper-rich slags which are treated for metal recovery by passing through the reverberatory furnaces.
  • Another object is to provide a method of smelting sulfide ores and concentrates containingiron, nickel and/or copper by utilizing the material being treated as fuel to providethe necessary smelting temperatures toY obtain a matte containing nickel and/or copper and, concomitantly, a slag low. in nickel and/or copper and containing acentrate oventhe slag-whereby said.slagwistwasl-iedwith a shower# ofmolten-:iron-rich matteiA dropi lets.
  • the present invention vcontemplates as an addi-.Vv tional object providing a process for autogenously smelting both nickel and/or copper dsul'de concentrates and pyrrhotite concentrate to. produce high-grade matte and low-grade slag1 .and,..cone.-
  • Thepresentainvention comprises ⁇ anovel Vcom-- binationarofioperations for ⁇ either. simultaneously; or cyclicallyautogenously smeltingstwo, sulde materialsfof' different compositions with uxnone sulderconcentrate being rich in. nickel and/.or copper Y and ther other. sulfide concentrateA being, lowiin nickel and/or copper. sulfide but rich in. pyrrhotite.
  • the novel. process utilizes the exo-v therrnic reactions occurring between metalsul-A ildes and gases containing a sufficientlyhigh'concentration of free oxygen to autogenously smelt. saidlsuln'des andflux to produce matte and slag. or even metal and slag.
  • thev present invention When thev present invention is ycarried into practice; it involves coordinatedV control over various-metallurgical andmechanical factorsgjirr-V cludingfcompositions, absolute andl relative particle sizes and moisture contents of the sulfide concentrates and flux, the free-oxygen contents of the burner gas and the ratios of free oxygen and siliceous flux to sulfide concentrates, furnace dimensions, and furnace temperatures. For in stance, great care must be taken to insure exact proportioning fandcmixinggofftheivarious components;v of' thezburner feedgincludinga the oxygen, and also the rate of injection thereof into the furnace. Proper furnace and burner construction.as described. hereinafter are important in obtaining optimum operation.
  • the ratio of siliceoussiiuxv.tosulde concentrate is predetermined-bythedegreelof iron suliide oxidation desiredyaire", tlieaznount of iron oxide formed, and
  • tne-silicaainfthesulfidedlux mixtures must be inA-amountsuicientto form a suitable slag with tiieironoxidepro'duced.
  • the furnace into ⁇ which-the-mixture is injected must be preheatedvto over about 1500 F., and preferably over about 2000a F., by means of, for example, oil, coal or gas ring.
  • a pyrrohotite concentrate I3 low in copper and/or nickel (2) one or more highgrade sulfide concentrates I high in copper and/or nickel, (3) one or more other concentrates 5 for treatment by other processes, and (4) a reject gangue tailing 4.
  • a concentrate containing about to about 75% pentlandite and the balance mainly pyrrhotite, or a high-grade taining about 75% to about 95% chalcopyrite and the balance mainly pyrrhotite, and the iron-rich concentrate I3, e. g., a concentrate containing about 80% to about 95% pyrrhotite, are dried in operations 6 and 1, respectively, to a moisture content of less than about 0.5% free moisture, preferably less than about 0.25% free moisture.
  • the concentrat-e is preferably at least about 95% minus 65 mesh and about 50% minus 200 mesh.
  • the suldes must be fine enough and must remain in suspension for sufficient time to react with substantially all the oxygen present.
  • too iine a particle size causes excessive dust losses. Satisfactory operation is obtained when smelting concentrates of the recommended particle size range in furnaces of the shape and size disclosed hereinafter. If the particle size of the siliceous flux and the highgrade concentrate are such that they settle to the furnace hearth at approximately the same rate, the slag being formed in various parts of the furnace will have a substantially uniform composition.
  • An advantage of utilizing concentrated oxygen rather than pre-heated air for autogenous flash smelting lies in the smaller volumes of gases involved and in the facilitated control of furnace temperature which it permits. Such temperature control is important, both from the viewpoint of product temperatures and for the purpose of minimizing furnace accretions.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 1 is a cyclic process involving, first, the autogenous smelting of highgrade sulfide concentrate Ill rich in nickel and/or copper to produce molten, high-grade matte 23 and molten slag 24 rich in nickel and/or copper; second, the tapping of said high-grade matte only; third, the autogenous smelting of pyrrhotite concentrate I3 to shower molten, lowgrade matte and molten, low-grade slag on the rich slag from which the iron-rich matte removes the major portion of the nickel and/or copper values to produce a low-grade slag; and fourth, the tapping of the impoverished, lowgrade slag and, if desired, the tapping of the low-grade matte containing the nickel and/or copper values recovered from the high-grade slag. Satisfactory results are also obtained when the high-grade matte is allowed to remain in the furnace during at least a portion of the slag-cleaning part of
  • Fig. 1 involves intimately mixing the dry, iinely-divided, high-grade concentrate I0 with a fluxing agent II such as quartzite or sand, to which may be added some lime or other fluxmodifying agent I2 if required.
  • a fluxing agent II such as quartzite or sand
  • a flux-modifying agent with or without a flux-modifying agent, is accomplished by means of feeders, mixer I1, and a sealing feeder I8 to eliminate uncontrolled passage of air.
  • relatively pure silica flux e. g., quartzite containing about 95% silica
  • a metallurgically unsatisfactory slag is usually produced and detrimental solid accretions tend to accumulate in the furnace 22.
  • iiux-modifying agents I2 and i5 such as lime, magnesia or alumina, to the iiux may be omitted if a siliceous flux is chosen which already contains suitable modifying agents.
  • quartzite flux may require the addition of as much as 10% lime or even more, a sand containing, for instance, only about silica and the balance mainly alumina, lime and other oxides, requires little or no additional modifying agents.
  • the neness of the siliceous flux is about minus 48 mesh and the free-moisture content is less than about 0.5%, preferably less than about 0.25%.
  • the ratio of flux to sulfide concentrate on a weight basis is based on the silica content of the flux, the grade of matte product desired, and the production of a metallurgically suitable slag.
  • a suitable slag normally contains about 30% to about 35% silica.
  • the weight of lux amounts to between about 15% and about 40% by weight of the sulfide concentrate.
  • the sulfide-iiux-oxygen mixture is injected through one or more burners 2I into a reverberatory-type furnace 22 at a furnace temperature above about 1500 F., preferably between about 2100 F. and about 2300 F., by means of a gas containing more than about 65% free oxygen, preferably a commercially-pure concentrated oxygen containing about to about 98% free oxygen, delivered under pressure by pipeline 20 from an oxygen plant.
  • 'I'he burners for injecting the sulde-flux-oxygen mixture into the furnace are similar in operating principle to con- Ventional pulverized-coal burners and are proportioned to impart a.velocity of about 50 to about 100 feet per second to said mixture.
  • the furnace is similar in shape to, but only about one-quarter the volume of, conventional reverberatory smelting furnaces per unit of solid feed rate.
  • the burner or burners are located in the end wall-and are directed in a substantially horizontal direction. A slightly downward inclination of the burner has been found valuable in avoiding the formation of accretions on the furnace bottom.
  • a suiiicient proportion of free oxygen is used to yield a matte 23 containing between about 15% and about 65% total copper and nickel.
  • the oxygen necessary to promote the reaction to the desired degree of oxidation and to obtain the desired furnace temperature is broadly between about 15% and about 35% by Weight of the sulfide concentrate and is controlled by a valvemetering device 25.
  • the molten matte 23 and the slag 24 are at temperatures within the range of about 2000 F. to about 2300" F. Autogenous smelting under the foregoing.conditionsusually produces rich slag 24 containingV about 30% Yto aboutl 35% silica Thus, while a silica-.
  • the copper sulfide flotation concentrate is filtered, dried to a moisture content of less than about 0.5% and comminuted to substantially all minus 65 mesh by milling in closed circuit vvith an air classifier. Siliceous flux and lime are dried to less than about 0.5% free moisture content and are comminuted to minus 48 mesh.
  • the dried, finely-divided, copper sulde concentrate and fluxes are fed from bins at care-- fully controlled rates, mixed, and then fed to a burner of the type mentioned hereinbefore.
  • Commercially pure oxygen containing about 95% oxygen, carries the mixed, finely-divided solids through the burners into the hot flashsmelting furnace where iron and sulfur in the sulfide concentrate are burned in suspension in the oxygen to form iron oxides and sulfur dioxide.
  • the iron oxides, vsiliceous ux and lime combine to form a fiuid slag. This combination occurs partly while the material is still in suspension and is completed after it settles by gravity to the furnace hearth.
  • the unburned, or partly burned, sulfides settle upon the hearth and form a molten matte layer beneath the slag.
  • the sulfur dioxide gas passes from the furnace to the settling chamber, together with gaseous impurities present in the commercial oxygen and dust which amounts to about 5% of the solids charged into the furnace.
  • Exit gas from the settlinnr chamber containing about 1% of the v furnace solid charge, is then cleaned ⁇ by passage through an open spray tower, a wet cyclone, mineral fibre bags, and finally a wetCottrell.
  • the dust leaving the wetA cyclone amounts to less than 0.05% of the furnace solid charge.
  • the greater part of the SO2 in the gas is then liquefied by methods known in the art.
  • the proportion of oxygen to sulfides is adjusted to yield a matte containing about 55% to about total copper and nickel.
  • the weight of oxygen used is about v25% to about 35% of that of the copper sulde concentrate smelted.
  • the proportion of siliceous iiux used is about 25% to about 35% of the copper sulfide concentrate and is sufficient to form slag containing about 31% to about 33% silica.
  • Copper sulfide concentrate averaging 30.6% Cu, 1.1% Ni, 33% S and 1.8% SiOz, was fiash smelted as described above using as flux sand amounting to 33.1% by Weight of the copper sulfide concentrate. 'The sand contained 80% silica, and 5% of lime was added thereto. The amount of oxygen used amounted to 33% of the concentrate smelted. After each 6 hours of this first operation, matte averaging 57.65% Cu and 2.03%
  • Ni was tapped (second operation).
  • the slag produced by the above operation contained about 0.90% Cu and about 0.15% Ni.
  • 'I'he copper sulfide concentrate smelting was then discontinued and low copper pyrrhotite concentrate averaging about 1% Ni, 57% Fe,A 35% S and 2%' SiOz was then fiash smelted (third operation), using approximately the same ratio of fiux and oxygen as was usedin smelting the copper sulfide cone centrate.
  • This operation was continued for 1 hour and provided a shower of low-grade matte and slag droplets.
  • the matte droplets removed a large proportion of the copper and nickel from the slag to the underlying low-grade matte.
  • the pyrrhotite used in this cycle amounted to 30% of the copper sulfide concentrate smelted. At the end of this operation, slag averaging 0.35% Cu, 0.16% Ni and 34.8% Si02 was skimmed (fourth operation). This cycle was then repeated.
  • Y Y 'v Furnaces employed for flash smelting'by the lpresent process differ in several respects from YITI conventional reverberatory furnaces.- Surfaces exposed to the name are constructedifor example, of hard-burned -br-iclrrich'in ymagnesia andrare backed by heat 'insulating material'.
  • lik'a mixture of low-grade sulde concentrate lhaving a freey moisture content lessthan about-0.5% and containingabout toabout 95% pyrrhotite, asiliceous flux and an oxidizinggas ⁇ containingab'out 65% to about 98% freeoxygentofoxidize amajor portion of said low-grade concentrate to produce molten lowgrade matte, rich iniron sulde; and molten lowgrade slag; showeringsaid molten low-grade matteasmolten droplets-upon said high-grade molten siliceous slag tofpass through the same and to remove therefrom'the'bulk of the vcopper values to producean--enriched'mattm tapping at one point the high-grade matteprior to completion ofthe autogenoussmelting of the low-grade concentrate; tapping'atanother point impoverished slag' in such' manner 'that the-matteand slag are separately tapped in counter-current now-relative-'tol each other
  • Animproved process'for producing a highgrade matte, a low-grade slag'anol gas sufciently richV in sulfurdioxde as to be'suitable for direct liqueiacti'on by1 ⁇ compression' which comprises autogenouslysmelting'amixture of siliceous lux, an'oxidizinggas containingabout 65% to about 98% free oxygenand'a high-grade sulde concentrate containingl about '75% to about 95% chalcopyrite and having aifree moisture content of less thanabout0.5% in rvarefractory-linedv impermeably'encased chamber .being at a temperature 'aboveabout 2000215.; havingports for withdrawing matte and slag and..for'exhausting gas and)haying'at'leastl one burner for injecting said mixture to obtain a high-.grade moltenmatte rich in copper; a high-grade siliceous slag richincopper, and argas su'icientlyi
  • An improved process forproducing a highgrade matte, low-grade slag and gassuiliciently rich in sulfur dioxideas'to'be suitable for direct liquefaction by compressionY which comprises autogenously smelting above about ()u F. a mixtureof highgrade sulfide concentrate containing' about"7r5'% torabout 95% chalcopyrite, a
  • a mixture of low-grade concentrate containing about 80% to about 95 pyrrhotite and at least one sulde of the group consisting of nickel sulfide and copper sulde, a siliceous ux and an oxidizing gas containing about 65% to about 98% free oxygen in an amount suiiicient to oxidize about one-fourth to about two-thirds by weight of said low-grade concentrate to produce molten lowgrade matte, rich in iron sulfide and low in at least one element of the group consisting of nickel and copper, and low-grade slag; showering said molten low-grade matte as droplets upon said high-grade molten siliceous slag to pass through the same and to remove therefrom the bulk of the nickel values tc produce an enriched matte and an impoverished slag; withdrawing enriched matte and impoverished slag; and withdrawing from the space above said molten slag and molten matte gas sumciently rich in sulfur dioxide as to be suitable for
  • An improved process for producing a highgrade matte, low-grade slag and gas suiiiciently rich in sulfur dioxide as to be suitable fordirect liquefactionA by compression r which comprises autogenously smelting above about 2000 F.
  • a mixture of substantially dry, finely divided, low-grade suliideconcentrate consisting essentially of iron sulde, a siliceous ux amounting to about 15% to 40% by weight of said low-grade concentrate and an oxidizing gas containing between about 90% to about 98% free oxygen in amounts suiicient to oxidize between about one-fourth to about twothirds by weight or said low-grade concentrate to produce molten low-grade matte, rich in iron sulfide, and low-grade slag; showering said molten low-grade matte as droplets upon said high-grade molten siliceous slag to pass through the same and to remove therefrom the bulk of the copper values to produce an enriched matte and an impoverished slag; withdrawing enriched matte and impoverished slag; and withdrawingfrom the space above said molten slag and molten matte gas sufciently rich in sulfur dioxide as to be suitable for direct liquefaction by compression.
  • An improved process for producing highgrade matte, low-grade slag, and gas sufliciently rich in sulfur dioxide as to be suitable for direct liquefaction by compression which comprises autogenously smelting above about 2000or F. a mixture of high-grade sulfide concentrate containing about 10% to about 75% pentlandite and having a free moisture content less than about 0.5%, a siliceous flux and an oxidizing gas containing about 65% to about 98% free oxygen to obtain a high-grade molten matte rich inv 14 nickel, a high-grade molten siliceousslag rich in nickel, and a gas suiiiciently rich in sulfur dioxide as to be suitable for direct liquefaction by compression; autogenously smelting above about 2000 F.
  • a mixture of low-grade sulfide concentrate having a free moisture content less than about 0.5% and containing about to about 95% pyrrhotite, a siliceous iiux and an oxidizing gas containing about 65% to about 98% free oxygen in amounts sumcient to oxidize about one-fourth to about two-thirds by weight of said low-grade concentrate to produce molten lowgrade matte, rich in iron sulfide, and low-grade slag; showering said molten low-grade matte as molten droplets upon said high-grade molten siliceous slag to pass through the same and to remove therefrom the bulk ofthe nickel values to produce an enriched matte; tapping at one point the high-grade matte prior to completion of the autogenous smelting of the low-grade concentrate; tapping at another point impoverished slag in such manner that the matte and slag are separately tapped in countercurrent ow relative to each other; and withdrawing from the space above said molten slag and' mol
  • An improved process for producing a highgrade matte, low-grade slag and gas sufciently rich in sulfur dioxide as to be suitable for direct liquefaction by compression which comprises autogenously smelting above about 1500" F. a mixture of high-grade sulfide concentrate containing about 10% to about 75% pentlandite, a siliceous Iiux and an oxidizing gas containing about 65% to about 98% free oxygen to obtain a high-grade molten matte rich in nickel, a highgrade molten siliceous slag rich in nickel, and a gas suiciently rich in sulfur dioxide as to be suitable for direct liquefaction by compression; autogenously smelting above about 1500 F.
  • An improved process for producing a highgrade matte, low-grade slag and gas sufliciently Vrich in sulfur dioxide as to be suitable for direct liquefaction by compression which comprises autogenously smelting above about 2000 F.
  • An improved processforproducing a highgrade matte, low-grade slag and gas sufficiently rich in sulfur dioxide-as toV be suitable for direct 1iduefaction by compression which comprises autogenously smeltingV a mixture of -siliceous flux, anv oxidizing' gas containing about 65% toabout 98% free oxygen and a -high-grademetal sulfide concentrate comprising, atr .least v onev suliide fsclected from the groupconsisting of copper.
  • siliceous ⁇ slag to pass through the-same and. to remove therefrom the bulk, of the metal valuesfrom the group consisting of nickel and :copper toproduce an enriched matte and an impoverished slag; withdrawing enriched matte Aand impoverished slag; and withdrawing through the-gas exhaust port gas sufficiently rich in sulfur dioxide as to-be suitable for direct liquefaction by compression.
  • An improved process for producing a highgrade matte, low-grade slag and gas'suliciently rich in sulfur dioxide kas to be suitable for direct lio'uefaction by compression which comprises autogenouslysmeltinga mixture of siliceous dus', an oxidizing gas containing more than about 65% free oxygen; and high-grade metal sulfide concentrate containing more than 3% of at least one elementA from the group consisting of. nickel and copper and the balance essentially iron and sulfur inthe form of sulde-to obtain a high-grade molten.
  • suicientto oxidize about one-fourth to about two-thirds by weight oi said low-grade concentrate to produce molten lowgrade matte, rich in iron sulfide, and low-grade slag; showering said molten low-grado matte as droplets upon said high-grade molten siiceous slag to pass through the same and to remove therefromthe bull; of the metal values :from the group consisting of nickell and copper to an enriched matte and' an impoverished slag; withdrawing- ⁇ enriched matte and improverished slag; and Withdrawingfrom Athe vspace'above said ymolten slaglandA molten matte-gas sufficiently rich in sulfur dioxide as to be suitable for direct Number liquefacton by compression.
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US2769706A (en) * 1948-06-04 1956-11-06 Bolidens Gruv Ab Smelting sulfide ores
US3150959A (en) * 1961-03-20 1964-09-29 Anaconda Co Recovery of matte from sulfidic copper ores
US3759501A (en) * 1971-12-13 1973-09-18 Kennecott Copper Corp Cyclonic smelting apparatus
US3819362A (en) * 1969-05-06 1974-06-25 Copper Range Co Copper converting process with prolonged blowing period
DE2710970A1 (de) * 1976-03-12 1977-09-15 Boliden Ab Verfahren zur gewinnung von roh- bzw. blasenkupfer aus sulfidischem kupferrohmaterial
US4073645A (en) * 1975-04-09 1978-02-14 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Process of smelting sulphidic copper ore concentrates
US4085923A (en) * 1973-05-03 1978-04-25 Q-S Oxygen Processes, Inc. Apparatus for a metallurgical process using oxygen
US4143865A (en) * 1977-07-04 1979-03-13 The International Nickel Company, Inc. Flash smelting furnace
US4148630A (en) * 1977-08-24 1979-04-10 The Anaconda Company Direct production of copper metal
US4165979A (en) * 1978-02-21 1979-08-28 The International Nickel Company, Inc. Flash smelting in confined space
US4178174A (en) * 1977-08-24 1979-12-11 The Anaconda Company Direct production of copper metal
WO1980001287A1 (en) * 1978-12-19 1980-06-26 Anaconda Co Direct production of copper metal
US4214901A (en) * 1979-02-16 1980-07-29 Amax Inc. Hydrometallurgical refining of nickeliferous sulfides
US4247087A (en) * 1976-08-25 1981-01-27 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag Furnace installation for the pyrometallurgical treatment of fine-grained ore concentrates
US4266971A (en) * 1978-02-24 1981-05-12 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Continuous process of converting non-ferrous metal sulfide concentrates
FR2506786A1 (fr) * 1981-06-01 1982-12-03 Kennecott Corp Procede de production de cuivre blister
US4372540A (en) * 1978-12-21 1983-02-08 Queneau Paul Etienne Apparatus for oxygen sprinkle smelting of sulfide concentrates
US4544141A (en) * 1982-06-18 1985-10-01 Noranda Inc. Process and apparatus for continuous converting of copper and non-ferrous mattes
US5194213A (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-03-16 Inco Limited Copper smelting system
US5385600A (en) * 1992-06-18 1995-01-31 Outokumpu Harjavalta Metals Oy Method for beneficiating nickel sulfide concentrates and corresponding mixtures, unsuitable for smelting
US9725784B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2017-08-08 Lawrence F. McHugh Production of copper via looping oxidation process

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CN109971967B (zh) * 2019-03-19 2020-08-21 谦比希铜冶炼有限公司 一种从铜冶炼吹炼炉渣中回收有价金属的方法

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US900466A (en) * 1906-02-08 1908-10-06 Ralph Baggaley Method of smelting ores.
US948468A (en) * 1908-03-28 1910-02-08 Edward Fink Smelting apparatus.
US1164653A (en) * 1915-03-03 1915-12-21 John H Klepinger Process of smelting ores.
US1259467A (en) * 1917-06-29 1918-03-12 Thomas Willard Cavers Smelting copper and like ores.
US1416262A (en) * 1919-07-07 1922-05-16 Phelps Dodge Corp Process and apparatus for extracting copper from slag in reverberatory furnaces
US1729408A (en) * 1925-06-27 1929-09-24 American Smelting Refining Smelting furnace and method of smelting
US1650907A (en) * 1926-07-23 1927-11-29 United Verde Extension Mining Reverberatory furnace
US1850025A (en) * 1930-01-30 1932-03-15 Mcgregor Alexander Grant Apparatus for the smelting of copper ores and the like
US1915540A (en) * 1931-10-28 1933-06-27 Milo W Krejci Process of treating ores and furnace therefor
US1941592A (en) * 1931-11-21 1934-01-02 Raymond F Bacon Roasting pryites fines
US1958581A (en) * 1932-04-18 1934-05-15 Cass L Kennicott Ore treatment
US2035016A (en) * 1933-08-15 1936-03-24 Int Nickel Canada Smelting of ores
US2221620A (en) * 1939-10-10 1940-11-12 American Smelting Refining Copper smelting
US2510352A (en) * 1946-04-25 1950-06-06 John H Ehardt Reverberatory furnace for melting metals

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2769706A (en) * 1948-06-04 1956-11-06 Bolidens Gruv Ab Smelting sulfide ores
US3150959A (en) * 1961-03-20 1964-09-29 Anaconda Co Recovery of matte from sulfidic copper ores
US3819362A (en) * 1969-05-06 1974-06-25 Copper Range Co Copper converting process with prolonged blowing period
US3759501A (en) * 1971-12-13 1973-09-18 Kennecott Copper Corp Cyclonic smelting apparatus
US4085923A (en) * 1973-05-03 1978-04-25 Q-S Oxygen Processes, Inc. Apparatus for a metallurgical process using oxygen
US4073645A (en) * 1975-04-09 1978-02-14 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Process of smelting sulphidic copper ore concentrates
DE2710970A1 (de) * 1976-03-12 1977-09-15 Boliden Ab Verfahren zur gewinnung von roh- bzw. blasenkupfer aus sulfidischem kupferrohmaterial
US4247087A (en) * 1976-08-25 1981-01-27 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag Furnace installation for the pyrometallurgical treatment of fine-grained ore concentrates
US4143865A (en) * 1977-07-04 1979-03-13 The International Nickel Company, Inc. Flash smelting furnace
US4178174A (en) * 1977-08-24 1979-12-11 The Anaconda Company Direct production of copper metal
US4148630A (en) * 1977-08-24 1979-04-10 The Anaconda Company Direct production of copper metal
US4165979A (en) * 1978-02-21 1979-08-28 The International Nickel Company, Inc. Flash smelting in confined space
US4266971A (en) * 1978-02-24 1981-05-12 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Continuous process of converting non-ferrous metal sulfide concentrates
WO1980001287A1 (en) * 1978-12-19 1980-06-26 Anaconda Co Direct production of copper metal
US4372540A (en) * 1978-12-21 1983-02-08 Queneau Paul Etienne Apparatus for oxygen sprinkle smelting of sulfide concentrates
US4214901A (en) * 1979-02-16 1980-07-29 Amax Inc. Hydrometallurgical refining of nickeliferous sulfides
FR2506786A1 (fr) * 1981-06-01 1982-12-03 Kennecott Corp Procede de production de cuivre blister
US4416690A (en) * 1981-06-01 1983-11-22 Kennecott Corporation Solid matte-oxygen converting process
US4544141A (en) * 1982-06-18 1985-10-01 Noranda Inc. Process and apparatus for continuous converting of copper and non-ferrous mattes
US5194213A (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-03-16 Inco Limited Copper smelting system
US5385600A (en) * 1992-06-18 1995-01-31 Outokumpu Harjavalta Metals Oy Method for beneficiating nickel sulfide concentrates and corresponding mixtures, unsuitable for smelting
US9725784B2 (en) 2012-06-21 2017-08-08 Lawrence F. McHugh Production of copper via looping oxidation process

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FR1018064A (fr) 1952-12-26
GB672418A (en) 1952-05-21
BE495631A (es)

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