WO1980001287A1 - Direct production of copper metal - Google Patents
Direct production of copper metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1980001287A1 WO1980001287A1 PCT/US1979/001100 US7901100W WO8001287A1 WO 1980001287 A1 WO1980001287 A1 WO 1980001287A1 US 7901100 W US7901100 W US 7901100W WO 8001287 A1 WO8001287 A1 WO 8001287A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- bath
- cupriferous
- copper
- fuel
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
- C22B15/0041—Bath smelting or converting in converters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to a process for forming metallic copper of blister quality from copper-bearing material.
- the blister copper is readily transformed into anode copper.
- the process of the aforesaid patent depends on the pre ⁇ sence in the slurry or in the bath of sufficient sulfidic copper material to maintain by its oxidation the necessary high bath temperature.
- the process is described in the patent, therefore, as involving the presence in the slurry of sufficient copper concentrates (copper sulfides) or the presence in the bath of sufficient matte (C 2 S + FeS) or both, to develop and maintain the necessary bath temperature by oxidation of the sulfidic material.
- cupriferous feed materials which may be used to produce copper are adequately sulfidic for this process.
- the cupriferous material present in the feed slurry is cold solidified white metal (substantially pure " Cu 2 S) or high-grade copper concentrates or solidified matte (containing relatively little iron sul- fides) , or cement copper precipitates (impure metallic copper precipitated on scrap iron) there will exist a heat deficiency which must be supplied by other means.
- the Sze ely et al, patent No. 3,796,568 describe a process for flame smelting of cement copper precipi- tates by forming a slurry of such precipitates in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and injecting such slurry through a burner into a combustion chamber wherein the fuel is burned, impurities are oxidized or vaporized, and the copper is melted. The copper is collected in a pool at the base of the combustion chamber. It should be noted that the Szekely et al. teaching does not contemplate in ⁇ corporation of the fuel into an aqueous. slurry, or di ⁇ recting such slurry against a molten cupriferous bath at high velocity so as to effect smelting within the bath.
- the present invention is directed to a modified oxygen slurry process for the direct production of metal ⁇ lic copper from cupriferous materials which are deficient in sulfides and so are not autogenic and require secondary heat sources.
- the invention therefore, provides a process for the direct production of copper metal by directing an aqueous slurry of cupriferous material into a molten bath of cupriferous material at a temperature of about 2100° to 2400° F., wherein neither the cupriferous ma ⁇ terial of the slurry nor the cupriferous bath contain sufficient sulfides to maintain the bath temperature by oxidation of the sulfides,
- a carbonaceous fuel is incor- porated in such slurry of cupriferous material, and an oxygen-containing gas together with the fuel-containing cupriferous slurry is then injected into the molten bath in the form of a high-velocity stream of gas and slurry directed at the bath at an angle of about 20° to 40° from the horizontal. Resulting slag and metallic copper are separately withdrawn from the bath.
- the proportion of slurry and oxygen are adjusted with respect to the energy supplied by the fuel to establish and maintain operation at the specified temperature of from about 2100°
- Figure 1 is a schematic view, partly in section, of an apparatus system suitable for carrying out the instant process.
- Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the retractable lance depicted in Fig. 1, and
- Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the fuel-slurry mixing system.
- the cupriferous materials which may be treated by the present invention include copper sulfides and high grade copper concentrates, neither of which are sufficiently rich in sulfides to fuel a smelting operation. Also included are non-sulfidic materials such as cement precipitates, oxidized copper ores and residues, and leach residues remaining after an acidic of other leach of mixed copper oxide-sulfide ores and the like. Copper concentrates and other high sulfur materials may also be included in the slurry feed, but in amounts less than sufficient for their sulfide content to fuel completely the smelting operation.
- Such cupriferous materials are first formed into a slurry by being admixed with water.
- the slurry can be maintained in a slurry feed tank from which it is conducted to a smelting furnace 20.
- a flowmeter control valve can be suitably used to control the amount of slurry being fed to the furnace for continuous operation as hereinafter described.
- the furnace 20 can be any conventional rever- beratory or other smelting furnace used in the smelting of copper materials, or it may even be a converter such as a Peirce-Smith converter.
- the furnace is initially charged with a body of molten cupriferous material, pre ⁇ ferably high grade matte or white metal, containing too little sulfur to fuel the smelting reactions,
- the slurry is formed by mixing the solids with water to about 25% water, more or less, based on total weight of the mixed slurry.
- the slurry is then screened on a 4 or 8 mesh screen to remove coarser sizes, A larger mesh screen may be utilized so long as the coarser sized materials do not plug the slurry delivery system used.
- a carbonaceous fuel also is incorporated in the slurry.
- Such fuel may be a liquid hydrocarbon such as fuel oil, or it may be a solid such as coke or coal. If it is a liquid that is normally immiscilbe with the aqueous medium, a surfactant may be used to facilitate incor ⁇ porating it into the slurry.
- the amount of carbonaceous fuel added is sufficient to supply upon combustion enough heat, in addition to that supplied by oxidation of sulfide components of the slurry or the molten cupriferous bath in the furnace 20, to maintain the bath temperature at the desired high value (.2100° to 2400° F,, and preferably 2200° F. to 2300° F.) .
- the slurry may, in addition, contain other materials which are normally present during smelting operations.
- Such materials include fluxes such as silica, lime, and the like.
- such additives may be introduced separately into the molten bath of the smelter furnace by means of separate feeders as is shown in Fig . 1 ,
- the oxygen-containing gas is injected concurrently with the copper slurry either via separate lances which project through the side wall of the furnace, or by the utilization of a single lance as shown in Figs, 1 and 2 having at least one pair of concentrically arranged feeder tubes.
- Each tube separately carries the oxygen- containing gas and the slurry, respectively.
- the oxygen- containing gas should contain a high concentration of oxygen therein, and it is preferred, therefore, that it be substantially pure oxygen, such as commercially pure oxygen. By utilizing substantially pure oxygen feed, one more readily obtains the necessary thermal conditions.
- the injection of the slurry and gas must be accomplished at a high velocity to ensure prompt and intimate admixture of the slurry and gas with the molten material. This is best accomplished by the use of a lance or lances. These are used to introduce the slurry and oxygen gas into the smelter furnace and are prefer ⁇ ably retractable and project at an angle to the horizon ⁇ tal through the side walls of the furnace.
- the lance is arranged to direct both the oxygen-containing gas and the slurry at an angle between 20° and 40° and most suitably 30°, with respect to the horizontal.
- molten copper of blister quality is thus formed within the furnace.
- a portion of the slag material can be recycled in a subsequent furnace charge, or treated by other conventional processes within the smelter plant.
- Gaseous products formed within the smelter furnace are predominantly sulfur dioxide and water vapor along with combustion products from the fuel used. These gaseous products (vent gases) may be handled separately or may be combined with the gas streams of conventional smelters and converted to sulfuric acid in accordance with con ⁇ ventional practice.
- the molten bath in the furnace is replenished by smelting of the slurry or may be replenished by c-harging addi- tional quantities of matte or white metal, so that the volume of the molten cupriferous charge is maintained substantially constant.
- the process of the present invention is nor ⁇ mally employed as a continuous operation.
- the amount of fuel that must be added to the slurry can be readily calculated by those skilled in this art once the parti ⁇ cular cupriferous feed is known. Smelting temperatures of about 2100° F, to 240.0° F, then are maintained by regulating the amount of slurry injected and the flow rate of oxygen.
- Molten copper matte assaying 52 percent copper is charged into a converter at 2200° F.
- a feed and gas injection lance projecting at 30° with respect to the horizontal extends into the converter to direct feed toward the surface of the molten bath,
- a slurry is formed from 100 parts cement copper precipitates and high grade. copper concentrates, 15 parts Si0 2 and 3 parts limestone with 30 parts water. Sufficient fuel oil, in the form of a water-dispersable emulsion, is incorporated into the slurry to provide the heat necessary for maintaining the converter charge temperature upon injection of the slurry into the con ⁇ verter.
- the slurry feed, together with commercial oxy ⁇ gen gas, is delivered at high velocity through the lance and caused to impinge on the surface of the molten bath.
- the furnace temperature is monitored and maintained by adjusting the fuel additions used in making up the slurry.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Process for the direct production of copper metal by directing an aqueous slurry of cupriferous material into a molten cupriferous bath maintained at a temperature of 2100 to 2400 F. Neither the cupriferous material of the slurry nor that of the bath contains sufficient sulfidic materials to maintain the bath temperature by oxidation of these sulfides, so a carbonaceous fuel is incorporated in the slurry. Such fuel-containing slurry together with an oxygen-containing gas is directed at high velocity against the bath surface at an angle of about 20 to 40 from the horizontal. The incorporation of fuel in the injected slurry provides a heat source for the maintenance of the 2100 to 2400 temperature necessary for smelting the cupriferous material of the slurry.
Description
DIRECT PRODUCTION OF COPPER METAL
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention is directed to a process for forming metallic copper of blister quality from copper-bearing material. The blister copper is readily transformed into anode copper.
BACKGROUND ART
The injection of oxygen and an aqueous cupri¬ ferous slurry into a smelting furnace where they are di¬ rected toward a molten bath of cupriferous material main¬ tained at a temperature of 2100° to 2400° F. to produce metallic copper is disclosed in United States Patent No. 4,148,630 which issued on April 10, 1979. This method of copper smelting can be referred to as the oxygen- slurry process. The basic concept of the oxygen-slurry process is the continuous production of metallic copper autogenously from the cupriferous material of the slurry. The process of the aforesaid patent depends on the pre¬ sence in the slurry or in the bath of sufficient sulfidic copper material to maintain by its oxidation the necessary high bath temperature. The process is described in the patent, therefore, as involving the presence in the slurry of sufficient copper concentrates (copper sulfides) or the presence in the bath of sufficient matte (C 2S + FeS) or both, to develop and maintain the necessary bath temperature by oxidation of the sulfidic material.
Not all cupriferous feed materials which may be used to produce copper are adequately sulfidic for this process. For example, if the cupriferous material present in the feed slurry is cold solidified white metal (substantially pure" Cu2S) or high-grade copper concentrates or solidified matte (containing relatively little iron sul-
fides) , or cement copper precipitates (impure metallic copper precipitated on scrap iron) there will exist a heat deficiency which must be supplied by other means.
The Sze ely et al, patent No. 3,796,568 describe a process for flame smelting of cement copper precipi- tates by forming a slurry of such precipitates in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and injecting such slurry through a burner into a combustion chamber wherein the fuel is burned, impurities are oxidized or vaporized, and the copper is melted. The copper is collected in a pool at the base of the combustion chamber. It should be noted that the Szekely et al. teaching does not contemplate in¬ corporation of the fuel into an aqueous. slurry, or di¬ recting such slurry against a molten cupriferous bath at high velocity so as to effect smelting within the bath.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a modified oxygen slurry process for the direct production of metal¬ lic copper from cupriferous materials which are deficient in sulfides and so are not autogenic and require secondary heat sources.
The invention, therefore, provides a process for the direct production of copper metal by directing an aqueous slurry of cupriferous material into a molten bath of cupriferous material at a temperature of about 2100° to 2400° F., wherein neither the cupriferous ma¬ terial of the slurry nor the cupriferous bath contain sufficient sulfides to maintain the bath temperature by oxidation of the sulfides, A carbonaceous fuel is incor- porated in such slurry of cupriferous material, and an oxygen-containing gas together with the fuel-containing cupriferous slurry is then injected into the molten bath in the form of a high-velocity stream of gas and slurry directed at the bath at an angle of about 20° to 40°
from the horizontal. Resulting slag and metallic copper are separately withdrawn from the bath. The proportion of slurry and oxygen are adjusted with respect to the energy supplied by the fuel to establish and maintain operation at the specified temperature of from about 2100° to about 2400° F,
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a schematic view, partly in section, of an apparatus system suitable for carrying out the instant process.
Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the retractable lance depicted in Fig. 1, and
Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the fuel-slurry mixing system.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
This invention will be described in connection with the drawings showing an apparatus system suitable for carrying out the invention. The cupriferous materials which may be treated by the present invention include copper sulfides and high grade copper concentrates, neither of which are sufficiently rich in sulfides to fuel a smelting operation. Also included are non-sulfidic materials such as cement precipitates, oxidized copper ores and residues, and leach residues remaining after an acidic of other leach of mixed copper oxide-sulfide ores and the like. Copper concentrates and other high sulfur materials may also be included in the slurry feed, but in amounts less than sufficient for their sulfide content to fuel completely the smelting operation.
Such cupriferous materials are first formed into a slurry by being admixed with water. For processing convenience, the slurry can be maintained in a slurry feed tank from which it is conducted to a smelting furnace
20. A flowmeter control valve can be suitably used to control the amount of slurry being fed to the furnace for continuous operation as hereinafter described.
The furnace 20 can be any conventional rever- beratory or other smelting furnace used in the smelting of copper materials, or it may even be a converter such as a Peirce-Smith converter. The furnace is initially charged with a body of molten cupriferous material, pre¬ ferably high grade matte or white metal, containing too little sulfur to fuel the smelting reactions, The slurry is formed by mixing the solids with water to about 25% water, more or less, based on total weight of the mixed slurry. The slurry is then screened on a 4 or 8 mesh screen to remove coarser sizes, A larger mesh screen may be utilized so long as the coarser sized materials do not plug the slurry delivery system used.
It is characteristic of the invention that a carbonaceous fuel also is incorporated in the slurry. Such fuel may be a liquid hydrocarbon such as fuel oil, or it may be a solid such as coke or coal. If it is a liquid that is normally immiscilbe with the aqueous medium, a surfactant may be used to facilitate incor¬ porating it into the slurry. The amount of carbonaceous fuel added is sufficient to supply upon combustion enough heat, in addition to that supplied by oxidation of sulfide components of the slurry or the molten cupriferous bath in the furnace 20, to maintain the bath temperature at the desired high value (.2100° to 2400° F,, and preferably 2200° F. to 2300° F.) . The slurry may, in addition, contain other materials which are normally present during smelting operations. Such materials include fluxes such as silica, lime, and the like. In the alternative, such additives may be introduced separately into the molten bath of the smelter furnace by means of separate feeders
as is shown in Fig . 1 ,
Concurrently with the introduction of the slurry to the molten bath, it is required to inject an oxygen- containing gas into the molten bath in the smelting fur¬ nace. The oxygen-containing gas is injected concurrently with the copper slurry either via separate lances which project through the side wall of the furnace, or by the utilization of a single lance as shown in Figs, 1 and 2 having at least one pair of concentrically arranged feeder tubes. Each tube separately carries the oxygen- containing gas and the slurry, respectively. The oxygen- containing gas should contain a high concentration of oxygen therein, and it is preferred, therefore, that it be substantially pure oxygen, such as commercially pure oxygen. By utilizing substantially pure oxygen feed, one more readily obtains the necessary thermal conditions. The injection of the slurry and gas must be accomplished at a high velocity to ensure prompt and intimate admixture of the slurry and gas with the molten material. This is best accomplished by the use of a lance or lances. These are used to introduce the slurry and oxygen gas into the smelter furnace and are prefer¬ ably retractable and project at an angle to the horizon¬ tal through the side walls of the furnace. The lance is arranged to direct both the oxygen-containing gas and the slurry at an angle between 20° and 40° and most suitably 30°, with respect to the horizontal. Thereby the com¬ bined flow of oxygen gas and slurry material is caused to impinge upon and penetrate beneath the surface of the molten material in a manner which causes substantial mixing of the slurry with the molten material. Also, by so directing the gas and slurry, there is no tendency to form accretions, by splashing on the lance or by charge accumulation on the furnace walls, which might impair operations of the lance or efficient smelting of the feed. The particular injection velocity necessary for
•-^Oi-i i X
most efficient operation will vary depending upon the material used, but can be readily determined by making trial runs to ascertain optimum conditions, Water can be circulated through the lance, or lances, to minimize heat damage due to the smelter temperatures, The smelter furnace may contain tapholes
(not shown) at various locations to permit the withdrawal of both molten metallic copper and slag from the smelting furnace. Molten copper of blister quality is thus formed within the furnace. After tapping from the furnace it can be readily fire refined and cast into anodes for pro¬ cessing by electrolytic methods to form cathode copper ' of high quality. A portion of the slag material can be recycled in a subsequent furnace charge, or treated by other conventional processes within the smelter plant. Gaseous products formed within the smelter furnace are predominantly sulfur dioxide and water vapor along with combustion products from the fuel used. These gaseous products (vent gases) may be handled separately or may be combined with the gas streams of conventional smelters and converted to sulfuric acid in accordance with con¬ ventional practice.
As molten copper and slag are withdrawn, the molten bath in the furnace is replenished by smelting of the slurry or may be replenished by c-harging addi- tional quantities of matte or white metal, so that the volume of the molten cupriferous charge is maintained substantially constant.
The process of the present invention is nor¬ mally employed as a continuous operation. The amount of fuel that must be added to the slurry can be readily calculated by those skilled in this art once the parti¬ cular cupriferous feed is known. Smelting temperatures of about 2100° F, to 240.0° F, then are maintained by regulating the amount of slurry injected and the flow rate of oxygen.
Example
Molten copper matte assaying 52 percent copper is charged into a converter at 2200° F. A feed and gas injection lance projecting at 30° with respect to the horizontal extends into the converter to direct feed toward the surface of the molten bath,
A slurry is formed from 100 parts cement copper precipitates and high grade. copper concentrates, 15 parts Si02 and 3 parts limestone with 30 parts water. Sufficient fuel oil, in the form of a water-dispersable emulsion, is incorporated into the slurry to provide the heat necessary for maintaining the converter charge temperature upon injection of the slurry into the con¬ verter. The slurry feed, together with commercial oxy¬ gen gas, is delivered at high velocity through the lance and caused to impinge on the surface of the molten bath. The furnace temperature is monitored and maintained by adjusting the fuel additions used in making up the slurry.
Slag is skimmed from the converter charge and molten copper is poured from time to time. The bath volume is maintained by the continuous injection and smelting of the cupriferous slurry for a continuous oper¬ ation.
Claims
1. A process for the direct production of copper metal by directing an aqueous slurry of cupri¬ ferous material into a molten bath of cupriferous ma¬ terial at a temperature of about 2100° F, to 2400° F., wherein neither the cupriferous material of the slurry nor the cupriferous bath contain sufficient sulfides to maintain the bath temperature by oxidation of the sul¬ fides, which comprises: a) incorporating in the slurry of cupri¬ ferous material a carbonaceous fuel? b) injecting oxygen-containing gas and the fuel-containing cupriferous slurry into the molten bath in the form of a high-velocity stream of the gas and slurry directed at the surface of the bath at an angle of from about 20° to 40° from the horizontal; and c) separately withdrawing the resulting slag and metallic copper from the bath, the proportion of slurry and volume of oxygen in¬ jected being adjusted with respect to the en¬ ergy supplied by the fuel to establish and maintain operation at a temperature range of from about 2100° to 2400° F,
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the oxygen gas is commercially pure oxygen,
3. The process according to claim 1 wherein the cupriferous material comprises at least one of the group consisting of white metal, matte, and cement copper,
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the cupri¬ ferous slurry includes sulfidic copper concentrates in amount insufficient to maintain the bath temperature by oxidation of sulfides.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the smelting temperature is maintained from about 2200° F to about 2300° F,
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP80500270A JPS55501146A (en) | 1978-12-19 | 1979-12-17 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/971,084 US4178174A (en) | 1977-08-24 | 1978-12-19 | Direct production of copper metal |
US971084 | 1978-12-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1980001287A1 true WO1980001287A1 (en) | 1980-06-26 |
Family
ID=25517912
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1979/001100 WO1980001287A1 (en) | 1978-12-19 | 1979-12-17 | Direct production of copper metal |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS55501146A (en) |
AU (1) | AU5402279A (en) |
FI (1) | FI793966A (en) |
SE (1) | SE8005605L (en) |
WO (1) | WO1980001287A1 (en) |
YU (1) | YU310479A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA796899B (en) |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2668107A (en) * | 1949-05-13 | 1954-02-02 | Int Nickel Co | Autogenous smelting of sulfides |
US3102806A (en) * | 1958-06-10 | 1963-09-03 | Kennecott Copper Corp | Reverberatory smelting method and apparatus |
US3326671A (en) * | 1963-02-21 | 1967-06-20 | Howard K Worner | Direct smelting of metallic ores |
US3427151A (en) * | 1964-01-06 | 1969-02-11 | Union Carbide Corp | Process and apparatus for introducing a gaseous treating stream into a molten metal bath |
US3459415A (en) * | 1965-10-15 | 1969-08-05 | Vyskumny Ustav Kovu Panenske B | Apparatus for the continuous production of converter copper |
US3463472A (en) * | 1963-02-21 | 1969-08-26 | Conzinc Riotinto Ltd | Apparatus for the direct smelting of metallic ores |
US3701648A (en) * | 1970-12-11 | 1972-10-31 | Owens Illinois Inc | Recovery of copper from copper ore |
US3725044A (en) * | 1968-12-07 | 1973-04-03 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Method of continuous processing of sulfide ores |
US3796568A (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1974-03-12 | Union Carbide Corp | Flame smelting and refining of copper |
-
1979
- 1979-12-17 JP JP80500270A patent/JPS55501146A/ja active Pending
- 1979-12-17 WO PCT/US1979/001100 patent/WO1980001287A1/en unknown
- 1979-12-18 FI FI793966A patent/FI793966A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-12-19 ZA ZA00796899A patent/ZA796899B/en unknown
- 1979-12-19 YU YU03104/79A patent/YU310479A/en unknown
- 1979-12-19 AU AU54022/79A patent/AU5402279A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1980
- 1980-08-07 SE SE8005605A patent/SE8005605L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2668107A (en) * | 1949-05-13 | 1954-02-02 | Int Nickel Co | Autogenous smelting of sulfides |
US3102806A (en) * | 1958-06-10 | 1963-09-03 | Kennecott Copper Corp | Reverberatory smelting method and apparatus |
US3326671A (en) * | 1963-02-21 | 1967-06-20 | Howard K Worner | Direct smelting of metallic ores |
US3463472A (en) * | 1963-02-21 | 1969-08-26 | Conzinc Riotinto Ltd | Apparatus for the direct smelting of metallic ores |
US3427151A (en) * | 1964-01-06 | 1969-02-11 | Union Carbide Corp | Process and apparatus for introducing a gaseous treating stream into a molten metal bath |
US3459415A (en) * | 1965-10-15 | 1969-08-05 | Vyskumny Ustav Kovu Panenske B | Apparatus for the continuous production of converter copper |
US3725044A (en) * | 1968-12-07 | 1973-04-03 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Method of continuous processing of sulfide ores |
US3701648A (en) * | 1970-12-11 | 1972-10-31 | Owens Illinois Inc | Recovery of copper from copper ore |
US3796568A (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1974-03-12 | Union Carbide Corp | Flame smelting and refining of copper |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA796899B (en) | 1981-07-29 |
SE8005605L (en) | 1980-08-07 |
YU310479A (en) | 1982-10-31 |
JPS55501146A (en) | 1980-12-18 |
FI793966A (en) | 1980-06-20 |
AU5402279A (en) | 1980-07-10 |
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