US2660779A - Method of forming blade roots - Google Patents
Method of forming blade roots Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2660779A US2660779A US70723A US7072349A US2660779A US 2660779 A US2660779 A US 2660779A US 70723 A US70723 A US 70723A US 7072349 A US7072349 A US 7072349A US 2660779 A US2660779 A US 2660779A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- blades
- blade roots
- forming blade
- root
- roots
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000218642 Abies Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000008918 voyeurism Diseases 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H7/00—Making articles not provided for in the preceding groups, e.g. agricultural tools, dinner forks, knives, spoons
- B21H7/16—Making articles not provided for in the preceding groups, e.g. agricultural tools, dinner forks, knives, spoons turbine blades; compressor blades; propeller blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/02—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine or like blades from one piece
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
- Y10T29/49336—Blade making
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved method for forming the root or anchor portion of the blades used in bladed fluid-flow machines such as turbines and compressors, and relates particularly to blades of the type'which areformed with a profiled root adapted to be secured in a socket (hereinafter referred to as blades of the type described).
- the invention is mainly of interest in connection with the production of blades which are subjected in use to high temperatures and stresses, and which therefore require to be made of specially developed steels or alloys, such as nickel-chrome alloys, which may be diilicult and expensive to machine.
- blades which are subjected in use to high temperatures and stresses, and which therefore require to be made of specially developed steels or alloys, such as nickel-chrome alloys, which may be diilicult and expensive to machine.
- E'xamplesof such blades are the turbine rotor blades of gas turbine ,machines, and in a lesser degree the compressor rotor blades (in cases where bladed compressors of the axial flow type are used).
- One known method of securing the blades to the turbine rotor disc of a gas turbine is to provide the periphery of the rotor disc with serrated slots extending in a generally radial direction, complementary serrations being formed on the blade roots so that they can be pressed into the slots and secured, for instance by peeping.
- serrated blade root, and the corresponding slot are tapered
- such a method of blade mounting is generally known in the art (from the profile of the blade root) as the firtree mounting, and it will be hereinafter designated by this term. At present fir-tree mountings are in wide use.
- Fir-tree roots have hitherto been usually made by a machining operation, such as broaching, and one object of the present invention is to provide an alternative method of making such roots which eliminates or reduces machining operations, thus cheapening production, and which, at least in the case of some materials, also has a beneficial effect on the material treated.
- the invention provides, for blades of the type described, the method of forming the root contour wholly or partly by means of pressure-working.
- pressure-working is meant a rolling, swaging, stamping, coining or similar operation.
- the pressure working may most advantageously comprise a rolling operation, which will usually be cold, but may be hot if the nature of the material which is being worked requires it.
- the rolls may be of any suitable material, such as hardened steel or tungsten carbide.
- Fig. .1 is a front elevation of the movable ram carrying the rolls
- Fig. 2 is a transverse section through the ram, showing the stationary table in which the blades are fixed
- Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the ram. 7
- Fig. 4 is a side e1evati0n
- Fig. 5 is a fragmentary plan, of an alternative rolling machine in which the blades are fed linearly through the rolls.
- Figs. 6 and '7 are detail views ofmo'dified types of roll.
- the machine there shown comprises in essentials a vertically movable ram I, in which three slides 2 are mounted for horizontal sliding movement. Each slide is resiliently biassed to a central position by a spring-pressed ball or plunger device 3, and the slide can move against such spring pressure in
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Description
Dec. 1, 1953 J. ATKINSON 2,660,779
METHOD OF FORMING BLADE ROOTS Filed Jan. 13, 1949 2 Sheets-Sheet l FIG! FIG.2
a H gave/1101' mt fzr ncys Dec. 1, 1953 J. ATKINSON METHOD OF FORMING BLADE ROOTS 2 Sheets- Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 15, 1949 I I 1 zgenfor A flor'neyJ Patented Dec. 1, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE it 2,660,779 I M OD F 0 v Gl LADE RO JosephAtkinson, London, England Application January 13,1949, Serial No. 70,723
Claims priority, application Great Britain January 15, 1948 This invention relates to an improved method for forming the root or anchor portion of the blades used in bladed fluid-flow machines such as turbines and compressors, and relates particularly to blades of the type'which areformed with a profiled root adapted to be secured in a socket (hereinafter referred to as blades of the type described).
, The invention is mainly of interest in connection with the production of blades which are subjected in use to high temperatures and stresses, and which therefore require to be made of specially developed steels or alloys, such as nickel-chrome alloys, which may be diilicult and expensive to machine. E'xamplesof such blades are the turbine rotor blades of gas turbine ,machines, and in a lesser degree the compressor rotor blades (in cases where bladed compressors of the axial flow type are used).
One known method of securing the blades to the turbine rotor disc of a gas turbine is to provide the periphery of the rotor disc with serrated slots extending in a generally radial direction, complementary serrations being formed on the blade roots so that they can be pressed into the slots and secured, for instance by peeping. Where the serrated blade root, and the corresponding slot, are tapered, such a method of blade mounting is generally known in the art (from the profile of the blade root) as the firtree mounting, and it will be hereinafter designated by this term. At present fir-tree mountings are in wide use.
Fir-tree roots have hitherto been usually made by a machining operation, such as broaching, and one object of the present invention is to provide an alternative method of making such roots which eliminates or reduces machining operations, thus cheapening production, and which, at least in the case of some materials, also has a beneficial effect on the material treated.
Broadly the invention provides, for blades of the type described, the method of forming the root contour wholly or partly by means of pressure-working. I
By pressure-working is meant a rolling, swaging, stamping, coining or similar operation.
The pressure working may most advantageously comprise a rolling operation, which will usually be cold, but may be hot if the nature of the material which is being worked requires it. The rolls may be of any suitable material, such as hardened steel or tungsten carbide.
Cold pressure working provides an improved surface finish for most of the metallic materials I 3 claims. .(01. se -156.8)
' likely tobe useful for the turbine blades of;gas
turbine machines, and may have abeneficial eiiect in other respects; for example, alloys of the 18 chromium 8 nickel type can'have their creep limit raised by cold work (see Zschokke,
BrownBoveri Review 1946, v. 33, pp. 227-233). Other highly alloyed steels are also improved in the same respect by cold work (see Cornelius, Metallwirtschaft, 1939, v. .18 pp. 399-403, and pp. 419-421). The degree of such improvement does however, depend on .the proximityoi the operating temperature of the blade root to the re-crystallisation temperature. With the general run of turbine rotor disc rim temperatures the diil'erence between the operating temperature and the re-crystallisation temperature is such that substantial improvement results.
Some alloys, intended to operate at lower temperatures, such as aluminum alloys, bronzesand stainless steels, for compressor blades, lose a portion of their highly creep-resisting properties when cold worked. With such alloys, or where the operating temperature is near to re-crystallisation temperature, it is preferable to subject at least the root of the blade (after pressure workmachine in which the work is held stationary and the rolls are moved linearly over the .work. Fig. .1 is a front elevation of the movable ram carrying the rolls, Fig. 2 is a transverse section through the ram, showing the stationary table in which the blades are fixed, and Fig. 3is a side elevation of the ram. 7
Fig. 4 is a side e1evati0n, and Fig. 5 is a fragmentary plan, of an alternative rolling machine in which the blades are fed linearly through the rolls.
Figs. 6 and '7 are detail views ofmo'dified types of roll.
Referring to Figs. 1-3, the machine there shown comprises in essentials a vertically movable ram I, in which three slides 2 are mounted for horizontal sliding movement. Each slide is resiliently biassed to a central position by a spring-pressed ball or plunger device 3, and the slide can move against such spring pressure in
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1277/48A GB648783A (en) | 1948-01-15 | 1948-01-15 | Improvements in or related to turbine, compressor and like blades |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2660779A true US2660779A (en) | 1953-12-01 |
Family
ID=9719165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US70723A Expired - Lifetime US2660779A (en) | 1948-01-15 | 1949-01-13 | Method of forming blade roots |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2660779A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE486831A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH275521A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK77501C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR979187A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB648783A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL73860C (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3002264A (en) * | 1953-06-08 | 1961-10-03 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Process for making turbine or compressor blades |
| US4888863A (en) * | 1988-03-21 | 1989-12-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method and apparatus for producing turbine blade roots |
| US20110008172A1 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Jette Sylvain | Process and apparatus for providing firtree slots |
| US20200088040A1 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Wrought Root Blade Manufacture Methods |
| CN115091140A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-23 | 广东鸿图南通压铸有限公司 | Processing method of new energy automobile aluminum alloy gear box |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1178673B (en) * | 1955-03-31 | 1964-09-24 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Process for the manufacture of blades for axially flown turbomachines, in particular gas turbines |
| US4057475A (en) * | 1976-06-28 | 1977-11-08 | Trw Inc. | Method of forming a plurality of articles |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US77111A (en) * | 1868-04-21 | Improved mode of suefaodtq sheet-ibon and metal plates | ||
| US353116A (en) * | 1886-11-23 | Machine for rolling rods of metal | ||
| US622475A (en) * | 1899-04-04 | Machine for threading screws | ||
| US648031A (en) * | 1899-12-04 | 1900-04-24 | Edward William Mackenzie-Hughes | Manufacture of axle-boxes. |
| US690088A (en) * | 1901-03-25 | 1901-12-31 | George T Warwick | Machine for screw-threading, heading, and elongating metallic rods. |
| US1040398A (en) * | 1909-01-19 | 1912-10-08 | East Jersey Pipe Company | Machine for upsetting metal plates. |
| US1516556A (en) * | 1922-11-21 | 1924-11-25 | Gen Electric | Method of manufacturing turbine blades |
| US1647920A (en) * | 1924-06-23 | 1927-11-01 | Leitner Henry | Manufacture of screw propellers |
| US2254629A (en) * | 1939-09-26 | 1941-09-02 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Method of manufacturing turbine blades |
-
1948
- 1948-01-14 FR FR979187D patent/FR979187A/en not_active Expired
- 1948-01-15 GB GB1277/48A patent/GB648783A/en not_active Expired
-
1949
- 1949-01-12 CH CH275521D patent/CH275521A/en unknown
- 1949-01-13 US US70723A patent/US2660779A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1949-01-14 DK DK13449AA patent/DK77501C/en active
- 1949-01-14 NL NL144327A patent/NL73860C/en active
- 1949-01-15 BE BE486831D patent/BE486831A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US77111A (en) * | 1868-04-21 | Improved mode of suefaodtq sheet-ibon and metal plates | ||
| US353116A (en) * | 1886-11-23 | Machine for rolling rods of metal | ||
| US622475A (en) * | 1899-04-04 | Machine for threading screws | ||
| US648031A (en) * | 1899-12-04 | 1900-04-24 | Edward William Mackenzie-Hughes | Manufacture of axle-boxes. |
| US690088A (en) * | 1901-03-25 | 1901-12-31 | George T Warwick | Machine for screw-threading, heading, and elongating metallic rods. |
| US1040398A (en) * | 1909-01-19 | 1912-10-08 | East Jersey Pipe Company | Machine for upsetting metal plates. |
| US1516556A (en) * | 1922-11-21 | 1924-11-25 | Gen Electric | Method of manufacturing turbine blades |
| US1647920A (en) * | 1924-06-23 | 1927-11-01 | Leitner Henry | Manufacture of screw propellers |
| US2254629A (en) * | 1939-09-26 | 1941-09-02 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Method of manufacturing turbine blades |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3002264A (en) * | 1953-06-08 | 1961-10-03 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Process for making turbine or compressor blades |
| US4888863A (en) * | 1988-03-21 | 1989-12-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method and apparatus for producing turbine blade roots |
| US20110008172A1 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Jette Sylvain | Process and apparatus for providing firtree slots |
| US8567059B2 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2013-10-29 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Process for forming a firtree slot in a disc of a rotor of a gas turbine engine |
| US9296053B2 (en) | 2009-07-10 | 2016-03-29 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Apparatus for providing firtree slots |
| US20200088040A1 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Wrought Root Blade Manufacture Methods |
| US11306595B2 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2022-04-19 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Wrought root blade manufacture methods |
| US11773724B2 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2023-10-03 | Rtx Corporation | Wrought root blade manufacture methods |
| CN115091140A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-23 | 广东鸿图南通压铸有限公司 | Processing method of new energy automobile aluminum alloy gear box |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH275521A (en) | 1951-05-31 |
| GB648783A (en) | 1951-01-10 |
| NL73860C (en) | 1954-01-15 |
| FR979187A (en) | 1951-04-23 |
| DK77501C (en) | 1954-05-03 |
| BE486831A (en) | 1949-01-31 |
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