US2622158A - Microwave amplifier - Google Patents

Microwave amplifier Download PDF

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Publication number
US2622158A
US2622158A US271597A US27159752A US2622158A US 2622158 A US2622158 A US 2622158A US 271597 A US271597 A US 271597A US 27159752 A US27159752 A US 27159752A US 2622158 A US2622158 A US 2622158A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
resonator
amplifier
resonators
segments
electron beam
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US271597A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ludi Fritz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Patelhold Patenverwertungs and Elektro-Holding AG
Original Assignee
Patelhold Patenverwertungs and Elektro-Holding AG
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/60—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that prevents any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode; Linear magnetrons

Definitions

  • Prior microwave amplifiers have been ofnthe traveling-wave tube type,,or, of the velocity-j modulated beam or Klystronf type.
  • the load must be adjusted to the output characteristic of a traveling-wave tube within definite limits to avoid a disturbing back-coupling between the amplifier output and input, and variationsiinfthe load impedance may seriously afiect theefliciency or rate of amplification.
  • an electron beam is Velocity modulated in a'resonator or rhumbatron by the oscillations to be Lamplifiedand at a certain distance beyond the resonator where the electrons are more or le ss bunched, the beam energizes a second resonator 'from' which the amplified oscillations'may be withdrawn.
  • the bunching of the electrons may b' improved by locating additional resonators of theflsameor similar type between the inputjfand" outputreso nators, the additional'resonators'beng energized by the electron beam to os cillate" f reelyat n *u l frequencies which satisfy certain conditions;
  • Each resonator can impose but-onebunchingor amplifying action upon" the b'ea nfaird'the res nators must bespac'ed apart by a suifri e tance to develop the focussing of th"'beam v Objects of the'invention' are to prpvme micro;
  • jects are to provide microwave amplifiersof' the character stated in which theresonators have" natural frequencies of oscillationequaliatleast approximately to the frequencyof the'micro'-' slot into a pluralityof pairs of. interleaved seg ments supported in alternation from opposite" side walls of the box; and'in which theelernerits Fig. 2 is a through the Fig. 2a; s. a Quite. sea. chewin the. magni tude of the highrfrequency' voltage .between'adjacent resonator segment'sflas a. function .of the posi ionof, the segments in.the resonator;
  • Fig. 4 is anend view oithe amplifier
  • Fig. 5 is an endelevationof another embodiment of the inventionin which the electron beam trav l l ng a urved p th; i
  • Fig. '7 is a fragmentary perspective View, partly insection, of analternative coupling to an input or output resonator; and 7 v Fig. 8 is a schematic perspectivelof apair of coupled resonators for use in a wide band amplifier.
  • the zigza'g slot A. constitutes the. only opening cooperating with a row of resonators 'include'a' guide electrode extending-along andfacing'the slotted faces of thelresonatorsga cathode an'd acollecting j electrode; adjacent the 'input' end and output end, respectively, oithe resonators for establishing an electron 1 beam ,ingthe space between the resonators and the;guideelectrodef.
  • n" a constructional embodiment of the 'mv'ejns tion, as shown inFi'g. '3, a series of three resonators R1, R2 and R3 are spaced from each other the reso-.
  • a cathode K is arranged transversely of the guide electrode L, and in part within a semicylindrical depression of the electrode L, at substantially the outer end of the resonator R1 into which extends an input loop I with leads P1 for connection to the source of microwaves to be amplified.
  • the cathode K and a collector electrode C at the opposite end of the tube establish an electron beam in the interspace between the segmental faces of resonators and the guide electrode -L.
  • One or more additional cathodes K1 may be provided along the guide electrode L to increase the magnitude of the beam current towards the output end of the resonator series in accordance with the increase in oscillation energy.
  • a plurality of cathodes is particularly advantageous when the amplifier is to deliver considerable power.
  • the terminal resonator R3 of the series is provided with a coupling element, not shown, having leads P2 for connection to the antenna or other load device upon which the amplified microwave energy is to be impressed.
  • a unidirectional magnetic field is developed in the space between the resonator segments and the guide electrode, and in the direction indicated by the arrows N of Fig. 3, by a permanent magnet or other electromagnetic system M, Fig. 4.
  • the method of operation of an amplifying tube of the construction so far described is as follows.
  • the collecting electrode C and the resonators are maintained at a positive direct current potential with respect to the cathode K by any appropriate current source, not shown, and the guide electrode L is maintained at the same, or approximately the same, potential as the cathode.
  • These relative potentials will of course result in an electron beam to the collector electrode C when the cathode K is heated to liberate electrons, and the electrons move on cycloidal orbits in view of the magnetic field in the direction N. So long as the input resonator R1 is not energized by a high frequency input injected by loop I, the electron beam will be substantially homogeneous or of the same density at all transverse cross-sections.
  • the alternating magnetic field H established within the resonator develops an alternating potential difference U between adjacent segments S1 and S2 of the resonator; all segments S1 being instantaneously of the polarity opposite that of the group of segments S2, and the polarity of the segments reversing at the frequency of the oscillations to be amplified.
  • the alternating potentials thus developed on the resonator segments exert a focussing effect upon the electron beam and the electrons leave the range of the resonator R1 in packets or bunches which succeed each other at the frequency of the oscillations to be amplified.
  • the bunching of the electrons is very marked, particularly in the vicinity of the exit end of the resonator, as the initial bunching effected by the first resonator segments interacts with the later segments to increase the excitation of the resonator and the magnitude of the potential differences between adjacent resonator segments as initially established by the microwave energy introduced into the resonator at the loop I.
  • the repeated interactions between the electron beam and the resonator segments distinguish the invention from the known amplifiers in which each resonator imposes only a single bunching action upon the electron beam. It is to be noted that the length, and hence the number of segments, of a resonator can not be increased indefinitely as the resonator will breakinto self-oscillation if too many reactive couplings are provided.
  • the bunched electron stream leaving the range of the first resonator R1 reacts with the initial segments of the next resonator R2 to energize the same, and is further focussed and more compactly bunched by the interaction of the resonator segments and the electron beam.
  • the resonator R3 is energized by the bunched electronstream leaving the second resonator, and the amplified oscillations are abstracted from the output resonator by a loop and the leads P2.
  • a special advantage of the described amplifier is the absence of a reactive coupling between the output and input resonators.
  • the amplifier is therefore stable in operation and is not materially affected by wide variations in the frequency and/or impedance of the load into which it works.
  • the amplifier is therefore particularly suitable for the amplification of frequency modulated oscillations where it is difficult to maintain a close matching of the amplifier output characteristics and the load characteristics over the frequency range of the transmitted signals. 7
  • the linear arrangement of the resonator series and guide electrode is not essential for operation in accordance with the invention and it may be more convenient, for manufacturing or other reasons, to employ a cylindrical construction such as shown in Fig. 5. Except that the several elements are arcuate in place of linear, they correspond exactly to elements shown in Fig. 3 and are identified by primed reference characters but will not be described in detail.
  • the opposed surfaces of the resonator elements and the guide electrode G are coaxial to provide a beam path of constant cross-section from end to end thereof.
  • the band type of guide electrode shown in Figs. 3 and 5 usually affords only a negligible back-coupling of the output resonator to the input resonator and even this back-coupling is suppressed by a guide electrode L1 in the form of a flattened spiral winding of wire, with slightly spaced adjacent turns, Fig. 6, which has a very high impedance at the frequency of the oscillations to be amplified.
  • a pair of input or output leads P may be connected directly to two segments S1 and S2 of a resonator, as shown in Fig. 7.
  • each resonator element of the amplifier comprises two resonators R and R. in series in the row of resonator elements and coupled electrically or magnetically as indicated by a jumper J, Fig. 8; the resonators of each pair being tuned to somewhat different frequencies, for example to frequencies (f+a: and (,fa:) as indicated by such notations on the respective resonators.
  • a microwave amplifier comprising an evacuated envelope to be located in a unidirectional magnetic field, cathode means and a collector electrode within said envelope and spaced from each other to develop an electron beam, a plurality of resonator elements extending in spaced decoupled sequence along the path of the electron beam, each resonator element comprising an elongated metal box having a natural frequency of oscillation at least approximately coinciding with a frequency of the microwave oscillations to be amplified and having the wall thereof opposed to the electron beam divided by a zigzag slot into a plurality of pairs of interleaved segments which extend transversely to the path of the electron beam, input and output coupling means extending into the resonator elements respectively most remote from and closest to said collector electrode, and a guide electrode extending along the path of the electron beam at the side thereof opposite said resonator elements; said amplifier being adapted to be energized by maintaining said collector electrode and resonator elements at positive potentials with respect to said cathode means and said guide electrode,
  • each resonator element comprises a pair of coupled resonators in series arrangement along the path of the electron beam, the resonators of each pair having natural frequencies of oscillation respectively above and below the mean frequency of said band of frequencies.

Landscapes

  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US271597A 1951-02-16 1952-02-14 Microwave amplifier Expired - Lifetime US2622158A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH695187X 1951-02-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2622158A true US2622158A (en) 1952-12-16

Family

ID=4529577

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US271597A Expired - Lifetime US2622158A (en) 1951-02-16 1952-02-14 Microwave amplifier

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2622158A (de)
CH (1) CH289526A (de)
DE (1) DE942282C (de)
FR (1) FR1050701A (de)
GB (1) GB695187A (de)
NL (2) NL86160C (de)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2745984A (en) * 1952-03-25 1956-05-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave oscillator
US2827588A (en) * 1951-04-28 1958-03-18 Csf Travelling wave discharge tube arrangements utilizing delay lines
US2827589A (en) * 1952-05-17 1958-03-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2834915A (en) * 1953-10-30 1958-05-13 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tube
US2837684A (en) * 1956-04-25 1958-06-03 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave devices
US2861212A (en) * 1951-07-30 1958-11-18 Cie Generale De Elegraphie San Travelling wave magnetron tube
US2871394A (en) * 1955-11-28 1959-01-27 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge devices and cathodes therefor
US2881348A (en) * 1952-12-19 1959-04-07 Csf Delay line for traveling wave tubes
US2888609A (en) * 1953-09-24 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Electronic devices
US2889486A (en) * 1952-04-03 1959-06-02 Csf Interdigital delay line
US2890384A (en) * 1953-09-24 1959-06-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave electronic devices
US2895071A (en) * 1952-12-23 1959-07-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US2905859A (en) * 1953-10-27 1959-09-22 Raytheon Co Traveling wave electron discharge devices
US2939997A (en) * 1956-02-20 1960-06-07 Csf Electronic tube of the travelling wave type
US2945981A (en) * 1955-06-13 1960-07-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetron-type traveling wave tube
US2945979A (en) * 1952-12-30 1960-07-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube structure
US2951964A (en) * 1955-09-13 1960-09-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron beam systems
US2971112A (en) * 1953-11-12 1961-02-07 Raytheon Co Traveling wave tube electrode mountings
US2988669A (en) * 1958-05-29 1961-06-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave amplifier
US3123735A (en) * 1964-03-03 Broadband crossed-field amplifier with slow wave structure
DE1253828B (de) * 1960-10-19 1967-11-09 Siemens Ag Lauffeldverstaerkerroehre fuer hoechste Frequenzen

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1105591A (fr) * 1954-05-29 1955-12-05 Csf Lignes à retard pour tubes à décharge de grande puissance
DE1271843B (de) * 1955-01-25 1968-07-04 Gen Electric Langgestreckte Laufzeitverstaerkerroehre mit Laufraumresonator
DE1297765B (de) * 1960-12-10 1969-06-19 Raytheon Co Wanderfeldroehre mit gekreuzten statischen elektrischen und magnetischen Feldern
FR2483125A1 (fr) * 1980-05-23 1981-11-27 Thomson Csf Oscillateur hyperfrequence a interaction etendue
FR2544129B1 (fr) * 1983-04-06 1986-01-17 Thomson Csf Generateur d'ondes radioelectriques pour hyperfrequences

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB581335A (en) * 1943-10-29 1946-10-09 Gen Electric A high frequency electronic device of the magnetron class
CH252630A (de) * 1944-02-01 1948-01-15 Patelhold Patentverwertung Magnetfeldröhre für elektromagnetische Schwingungen.
GB611732A (en) * 1945-11-14 1948-11-03 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Improvements in magnetron anodes
NL78190C (de) * 1946-01-11 Western Electric Co
US2537824A (en) * 1946-03-30 1951-01-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetron
FR57746E (de) * 1947-01-09 1953-05-05

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3123735A (en) * 1964-03-03 Broadband crossed-field amplifier with slow wave structure
US2827588A (en) * 1951-04-28 1958-03-18 Csf Travelling wave discharge tube arrangements utilizing delay lines
US2861212A (en) * 1951-07-30 1958-11-18 Cie Generale De Elegraphie San Travelling wave magnetron tube
US2745984A (en) * 1952-03-25 1956-05-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave oscillator
US2889486A (en) * 1952-04-03 1959-06-02 Csf Interdigital delay line
US2827589A (en) * 1952-05-17 1958-03-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2881348A (en) * 1952-12-19 1959-04-07 Csf Delay line for traveling wave tubes
US2895071A (en) * 1952-12-23 1959-07-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US2945979A (en) * 1952-12-30 1960-07-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube structure
US2888609A (en) * 1953-09-24 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Electronic devices
US2890384A (en) * 1953-09-24 1959-06-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave electronic devices
US2905859A (en) * 1953-10-27 1959-09-22 Raytheon Co Traveling wave electron discharge devices
US2834915A (en) * 1953-10-30 1958-05-13 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tube
US2971112A (en) * 1953-11-12 1961-02-07 Raytheon Co Traveling wave tube electrode mountings
US2945981A (en) * 1955-06-13 1960-07-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetron-type traveling wave tube
US2951964A (en) * 1955-09-13 1960-09-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron beam systems
US2871394A (en) * 1955-11-28 1959-01-27 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge devices and cathodes therefor
US2939997A (en) * 1956-02-20 1960-06-07 Csf Electronic tube of the travelling wave type
US2837684A (en) * 1956-04-25 1958-06-03 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave devices
US2988669A (en) * 1958-05-29 1961-06-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave amplifier
DE1253828B (de) * 1960-10-19 1967-11-09 Siemens Ag Lauffeldverstaerkerroehre fuer hoechste Frequenzen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1050701A (fr) 1954-01-11
CH289526A (de) 1953-03-15
NL86160C (de)
NL159777B (nl)
GB695187A (en) 1953-08-05
DE942282C (de) 1956-05-03

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