US2601451A - Stocking and method of making the same - Google Patents

Stocking and method of making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2601451A
US2601451A US50554A US5055448A US2601451A US 2601451 A US2601451 A US 2601451A US 50554 A US50554 A US 50554A US 5055448 A US5055448 A US 5055448A US 2601451 A US2601451 A US 2601451A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
stocking
knitting
loops
tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US50554A
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English (en)
Inventor
Frank R Page
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Scott and Williams Inc
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Scott and Williams Inc
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Publication date
Priority to BE516643D priority Critical patent/BE516643A/xx
Application filed by Scott and Williams Inc filed Critical Scott and Williams Inc
Priority to US50554A priority patent/US2601451A/en
Priority to GB5730/49A priority patent/GB676522A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2601451A publication Critical patent/US2601451A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
    • D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
    • D04B1/26—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel stockings
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/002—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by knitting, weaving or tufting, fixing and then unravelling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to stockings, particularly to ladies sheer hosiery 'kni't from nylon, to a method of making the same, and to the yarn used in such method.
  • One object of the presentinvent'ion is to provide a stocking which, though plain knit, has an irregular stitch structure which successfully avoids the appearance of vertical streaks or shadows.
  • Stockings which are provided in accordance with the. invention when examined closely have a crepe-like appearance; but when worn this crep'e like' appearance" is substantially invisible while nevertheless the structure which gives rise to it prevents-any appearance .ofrregular structural defects which show upxas streaks.
  • the foregoing discussion has particular reference to the leg and instep of a stocking.
  • the invention also has advantages when applied to theknitting of the welt.
  • the welt of a stocking generally s'hows up defects in stitch formation more than'the leg and the purchaser, noticing "irregularities, is likely to regard the stockings as of inferior quality.
  • the welt is given an overall crepe-like appearance so that local irregularities of stitches are not apparent as they would be in the case of a plain knit welt.
  • the welt has an apparent softness of stretch and clings better to the leg, the result being apparently due to the breaking up of the wales in such fashion as to minimize the susceptibility of the welt to sliding downwardly on the leg;
  • nylon yarn is crinkled and set by the application of heat in this crinkled condition.
  • the .crinkling has. a frequency which is of the same general order as the frequency of recurrence of the stitches in the knitting of the stocking though, as will be pointed out, it is not desirable to have the same frequencies in the two cases.
  • the crinkled yarn is knit in conventional fashion to form plain stitches though, of course, special stitches may be incorporated, as pointed out hereafter.
  • the knitted stocking is boarded at an elevated temperature in the usual fashion.
  • Theimprovedstructure may be embodied in either the welt or leg or both.
  • Figure 1 is an-elevationillustrating theparts of. a stocking manufactured in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2.15 a tracing. from a microphotograph of the leg portion of a stocking formed in accordance with the invention illustrating. the nature of the stitches giving rise to the desirable results indicated above;
  • Figure 3 is a similar tracing from the leg of a stockingprovided-in-accordaneewith the ,in-
  • Figure 4 is a similar tracing, illustrated for purposes of comparison and description, showing the portion of the leg of a conventionally knit stocking.
  • the parts of the stocking provided in accordance with the invention are conventional and for purposes of illustration the stocking is shown as comprising a leg portion 2, an instep portion 4, a sole portion 6, a heel 8, a toe l and a welt I2.
  • the stocking may have all of these elements of special types known to the art, the invention primarily relating to the fabrics which appear. in some of the areas indicated.
  • the crimping or crinkling of the nylon yarn which may be of monofilament or multifilament type, may be accomplished in various ways.
  • this may be effected by actually knitting the nylon yarn on 'a conventional machine to form a tube which, as one end is being formed, is unravelledat the other end to provide the crinkled yarn.
  • This tube may be subjected to heating, during the period'of its existence as a tube and its lengthwise movement from the point of knitting to the point of ravelling, to a temperature corresponding to that ordinarily used in the boarding of nylon stockings, for example a temperature of the order of 225 F. to 250 F. Cooling belowthe temperature of softening of the yarn should occur before ravelling or at any rate before such application of tension after ravelling as would straighten out the yarn and remove the crinkles. Under these circumstances it will be found that the resulting unravelled yarn will be crinkled in a fashion corresponding to that secured upon the ravelling of a conventional nylon stocking which has been subjected to conventional boarding operations.
  • the crimping or crinkling may be effected in other fashions without actually producing formation of a knitting tube.
  • the crimped or crinkled condition may be obtained almost instantaneously if the elements which engage the yarn are heated to temperatures sunicient to set the yarn material. If the rapidity of the movement of the yarn through the device is sufficiently high quite high temperatures may be used which the nylon yarn could not tolerate under conditions of prolonged subjection thereto. In this case also the yarn should not be subjected to tension sufficient to straighten it until cooled below its softening point.
  • the crimped or crinkled yarn produced in accordance with the foregoing procedures is knit under conventional tensions in conventional machines.
  • the fabric here illustrated forming the leg of a stocking, was knit of 15 denier monofilament nylon on a 400 needle circular machine.
  • the yarn in this case was originally knit into a tube which was subjected to a shrinking or setting action at 225 F.
  • the knitting of this tube was also carried out on a 400 needle machine with such control of stitch length that the tube could be stretched to a circumference of 16 inches.
  • This circumference is considerably less than the circumference to which there could be stretched the narrowest (ankle) portion of the stocking knit from the crinkled yarn.
  • the final stocking was boarded and set at an elevated temperature in conventional fashion.
  • the stocking-leg illustrated in Figure 2 has, on close observation, a crepe-like appearance but on the leg this stocking appears just as sheer as a stocking correspondingly knitted on a 400 needle machine from plain monofilament yarn of corresponding denier.
  • the crepelike appearance furthermore, is substantially invisible when the stocking is worn, the only evidence of difference in appearance, aside from the complete absence of streaks or shadows, being in the absence of sheen.
  • Figure 4 is a tracing on the same scale as Figure 2 of a microphotograph of a stocking knit from uncrimped monofilament nylon yarn of the same denier as that used in knitting the stocking of Figure 2, the two stockings having both been knitted on a 400 needle machine.
  • the regularity of the stitches along each Wale in Figure 4 gives rise to the sheen which has been mentioned and the slight differences between the loop sizes in wales such as 28 and 30 gives rise to the appearance of vertical streaks. While the differences in the stitches in these two wales are quite small and are substantially unavoidable in the knitting operation without the exercise of extreme care, quite noticeable streaks are produced, particularly when groups of adjacent wales which have ab normally small loops or abnormally large loops occur.
  • Figure 2 represents a maximum condition of irregularity resulting from the practice of the invention.
  • Figure 3, illustrated for comparison, shows a lesser degree of patterning resulting from a variation in preliminary treatment of the yarn though the knitting was effected on the same machine as that which knit the fabric of Figure 2 and the yarn was monofilament nylon of the same denier, the stocking being boarded and set at conventional elevated temperature in the usual fashion.
  • the tube which was knit, set and then ravelled to provide the yarn had stitch lengths such that the tube stretched to. a 30 inch circumference.
  • the stocking represented by Figure 3 is also highly satisfactory since the degree of irregularity of the loops is such as to hide any appearance of vertical streaks and also to suppress the sheen. It will be noted that in the case of Figure 3, as well as in the case of Figure 2, loops of quite different sizes are produced as indicated at 22 and 24 and that lateral displacements of the loops occur as indicated, for example, at 24 and 2B.
  • the desired irregularity of the. stitches may be achieved if the frequency of recurrence of. the crimps or crinkles is, either substantially greater than or substantially less than the frequency of recurrence of the stitches along the yarn in the final knitting. It is to be noted, that the frequency of recurrence of stitches along a course may be substantially different in, the ankle as contrasted with the calf since in order to, provide better fitting the tension or stitch length during knitting is varied along the length of the stocking. What is to be avoided is a substantial correspondence between the frequency of recurrence of the crimps and the frequency.
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 are derived from the leg and instep portionsof stockings similar conditions occur in welts which are generally knit from heavier yarn.
  • welts there are secured by the application of the invention not only the improved appearance hiding defects which might otherwise appear, and which are generally rather prominent in the welt, but there is additionally secured a soft stretch condition and an improved clinging of the welt to the leg.
  • the condition of softness of the stretch is apparently due to the fact that the stretch does not only occur due to elasticity of the yarn and distortion of stitches as in the case of welts which are conventionally knit but also to the straightening out of the irregularities in the yarn itself.
  • nylon is herein used in an illustrative rather than a limitedsense since the invention would be generally applicable to yarns formed of synthetic polymers or the like which, upon the application of heat, become softened so as to be capable of taking a permanent set including the crinkling herein specifically referred to.
  • the term nylon refers to commercial yarn comprising one of the usual synthetic long chain. polymers having recurring amide groups in its chain. As will be evident, the invention isapplicable to other yarns having similar physical properties.
  • the invention may be applied to other than plain knit portions of fabric.
  • Plain knit fabric provided in accordance with the invention exhibits somewhat more resistance to run than ordinary plain knit fabrics but this resistance is not particularly pronounced and the, application of tension to the fabric will usually cause a continuation of a run.
  • the invention may be applied to the knitting of. fabrics which are run-resistant such as, for example, the fabric disclosed in the application of Albert E. Page, Serial Number 12,400, filed March 1, 1948, now Patent No. 2,501,353, which, by virtue of a proper recurrence of tuck stitches is substantially proof against runs in a downward direction
  • the fabric of said application may be knitted with permanently crinkled yarn for the production of stockings of highly satisfactory type.
  • the invention is also applicable to the knitting of stockings of other special patterns and, in fact, where a pattern would normally be visible if a plain yarn was knit the pattern may be rendered substantially invisible through the use of a crinkled yarn in accordance with the invention.
  • so-call ed mesh fabrics will lose, to a substantial extent, their mesh appearance while at the same time retain- K ing advantageous properties such as quite high resistance to the formation of runs.
  • the method of producing a sheer stocking including knitting a nylon yarn to form a tube, subjecting said tube to heat sufficient to impart a set to the yarn providing permanent crinkles corresponding to the loops of the knitted tube, ravelling said tube, and knitting from said permanently crinkled yarn an area of said stocking.
  • the method of producing a sheer stocking including knitting a nylon yarn to form a tube, subjecting said tube to heat sufiicient to impart a set to the yarn providing. permanent crinkles corresponding to the loops of the knitted tube, ravelling said tube, knitting from said permanently crinkled yarn an area of said stocking, and subjecting said stocking to boarding to set the stitches thereof.
  • the method of producing a sheer stocking having an area thereof characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution including knitting a nylon yarn to form a tube, subjecting said tube to heat sufficient to impart a set to the yarn providing permanent crinkles corresponding to the loops of the knitted tube, ravelling said tube, and knitting from said permanently crinkled yarn said area of said stocking, the knitting of the tube and the knitting of the stocking being so related that the frequency of recurrence of said permanent crinkles of the yarn along a course is different from the frequency of recurrence of loops along a corresponding part of a course throughout said area of the stocking.
  • the method of producing a sheer stocking having an area thereof characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution including knitting a nylon yarn to form a tube, subjecting said tube to heat suflicient to impart a set to the yarn providing permanent crinkles corresponding to the loops of the knitted tube, ravelling said tube, knitting from said permanently crinkled yarn said area of said stocking, the knitting of the tube and the knitting of the stocking being so related that the frequency of recurrence of said permanent crinkles of the yarn along a course is difierent from the frequency of recurrence of loops along a corresponding part of a course throughout said area of the stocking, and subjecting said stocking to boarding to set the stitches thereof.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from a filament yarn having permanent crinkles therein, the frequency of recurrence of said permanent crinkles of the yarn along a course being different from the frequency of recurrence of loops along a corresponding part of a course throughout said area.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of ,loops of different sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from a nylon filament yarn having permanent crinkles therein, the frequency of recurrence of said permanent crinkles of the yarn along a course being different from the frequency of recurrence of loops along a corresponding part of a course throughout said area.
  • a sheer knitted stocking having an area thereof of crepe appearance characterized by the presence of loops of difierent sizes and shapes and of random distribution resulting from its being knitted from a monofilament nylon yarn having permanent crinkles therein, the frequency of recurrence of said permanent crinkles of the yarn along a course being different from the frequency of recurrence of loops along a corresponding part of a course throughout said area.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Socks And Pantyhose (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
US50554A 1948-09-22 1948-09-22 Stocking and method of making the same Expired - Lifetime US2601451A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE516643D BE516643A (pl) 1948-09-22
US50554A US2601451A (en) 1948-09-22 1948-09-22 Stocking and method of making the same
GB5730/49A GB676522A (en) 1948-09-22 1949-03-02 Improvements in or relating to stockings and method of making the same

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US50554A US2601451A (en) 1948-09-22 1948-09-22 Stocking and method of making the same

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US2601451A true US2601451A (en) 1952-06-24

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2623266A (en) * 1946-11-23 1952-12-30 Sandoz Ltd Crimped fibers, filaments, and threads
US2668430A (en) * 1951-11-03 1954-02-09 R K Laros Silk Company Stocking
US2668564A (en) * 1951-11-03 1954-02-09 R K Laros Silk Company Woven textile item and filament yarn
US2696034A (en) * 1953-02-03 1954-12-07 Wildman And Swartz Inc Mechanical device for crimping nylon or other yarn
US2702998A (en) * 1954-10-28 1955-03-01 James J Purcell Surgical stocking
US2715309A (en) * 1950-05-31 1955-08-16 Rosenstein Nathan Synthetic continuous filament yarn in the continuous filament yarn state
US2812569A (en) * 1954-10-08 1957-11-12 Scott & Williams Inc Apparatus for crinkling yarn
US2853865A (en) * 1953-11-10 1958-09-30 Scott & Williams Inc Stocking and method of making the same
US2857651A (en) * 1956-04-03 1958-10-28 Collins & Aikman Corp Curled yarns, curled yarn fabrics and method for making same
DE1061023B (de) * 1952-12-19 1959-07-09 Scott & Williams Inc Fein gestrickter oder gewirkter Strumpf
US2913891A (en) * 1953-11-11 1959-11-24 Opal Strumpfwerke G M B H Marg Hosiery
US3055197A (en) * 1957-07-31 1962-09-25 Burlington Industries Inc Knitting method and resultant article
US3094762A (en) * 1959-01-07 1963-06-25 Us Catheter & Instr Corp Tetrafluoroethylene resin tubing
US3102322A (en) * 1961-08-14 1963-09-03 Whitaker Co Fred Process of producing crimped yarn for use in house furnishing fabrics
US3166922A (en) * 1962-05-14 1965-01-26 Morpul Res Inc Knitted seamless hosiery and process of making same
US3330018A (en) * 1965-02-11 1967-07-11 Duplan Corp Method of making crimped yarn
US3395554A (en) * 1966-09-12 1968-08-06 Siegfried Wallner Jr. Knee stretch stocking
US3438106A (en) * 1966-08-17 1969-04-15 Florence Cohn Method of producing shrink-free knitted fabric having characteristics of elastic restorability
US3522717A (en) * 1967-11-30 1970-08-04 Klinger Mfg Co The Stocking and method of making the same
US4057880A (en) * 1976-09-23 1977-11-15 Kellwood Company Method of producing snag resistant hosiery article

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE533210A (pl) * 1953-11-11
DE941966C (de) * 1954-05-11 1956-04-26 Alfred Schubert Verfahren zum Faerben von gekraeuselten Faeden oder Garnen aus vollsynthetischem Mateial
DE1048857B (de) * 1955-01-24 1959-01-22 Hans Thierfelder Fa Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Strumpfes mit verringerter Neigung zum Maschenlaufen

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB396219A (en) * 1931-10-07 1933-08-03 Henry Giesler Improvements in the manufacture of knitted fabrics
US2157119A (en) * 1939-05-09 Method of making fabric
US2157117A (en) * 1937-02-15 1939-05-09 Du Pont Steam treatment of polyamides
US2174878A (en) * 1938-03-25 1939-10-03 Du Pont Yarn and method of producing same
US2197896A (en) * 1937-02-15 1940-04-23 Du Pont Artificial wool
US2251268A (en) * 1940-04-06 1941-08-05 Du Pont Article of manufacture
US2287099A (en) * 1937-02-15 1942-06-23 Du Pont Artificial wool
US2295593A (en) * 1941-07-30 1942-09-15 Du Pont Yarn preparation
US2392842A (en) * 1943-06-10 1946-01-15 Du Pont Method of making coiled structures

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2157119A (en) * 1939-05-09 Method of making fabric
GB396219A (en) * 1931-10-07 1933-08-03 Henry Giesler Improvements in the manufacture of knitted fabrics
US2157117A (en) * 1937-02-15 1939-05-09 Du Pont Steam treatment of polyamides
US2197896A (en) * 1937-02-15 1940-04-23 Du Pont Artificial wool
US2287099A (en) * 1937-02-15 1942-06-23 Du Pont Artificial wool
US2174878A (en) * 1938-03-25 1939-10-03 Du Pont Yarn and method of producing same
US2251268A (en) * 1940-04-06 1941-08-05 Du Pont Article of manufacture
US2295593A (en) * 1941-07-30 1942-09-15 Du Pont Yarn preparation
US2392842A (en) * 1943-06-10 1946-01-15 Du Pont Method of making coiled structures

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2623266A (en) * 1946-11-23 1952-12-30 Sandoz Ltd Crimped fibers, filaments, and threads
US2715309A (en) * 1950-05-31 1955-08-16 Rosenstein Nathan Synthetic continuous filament yarn in the continuous filament yarn state
US2668430A (en) * 1951-11-03 1954-02-09 R K Laros Silk Company Stocking
US2668564A (en) * 1951-11-03 1954-02-09 R K Laros Silk Company Woven textile item and filament yarn
DE1061023B (de) * 1952-12-19 1959-07-09 Scott & Williams Inc Fein gestrickter oder gewirkter Strumpf
US2696034A (en) * 1953-02-03 1954-12-07 Wildman And Swartz Inc Mechanical device for crimping nylon or other yarn
US2853865A (en) * 1953-11-10 1958-09-30 Scott & Williams Inc Stocking and method of making the same
US2913891A (en) * 1953-11-11 1959-11-24 Opal Strumpfwerke G M B H Marg Hosiery
US2812569A (en) * 1954-10-08 1957-11-12 Scott & Williams Inc Apparatus for crinkling yarn
US2702998A (en) * 1954-10-28 1955-03-01 James J Purcell Surgical stocking
US2857651A (en) * 1956-04-03 1958-10-28 Collins & Aikman Corp Curled yarns, curled yarn fabrics and method for making same
US3055197A (en) * 1957-07-31 1962-09-25 Burlington Industries Inc Knitting method and resultant article
US3094762A (en) * 1959-01-07 1963-06-25 Us Catheter & Instr Corp Tetrafluoroethylene resin tubing
US3102322A (en) * 1961-08-14 1963-09-03 Whitaker Co Fred Process of producing crimped yarn for use in house furnishing fabrics
US3166922A (en) * 1962-05-14 1965-01-26 Morpul Res Inc Knitted seamless hosiery and process of making same
US3330018A (en) * 1965-02-11 1967-07-11 Duplan Corp Method of making crimped yarn
US3438106A (en) * 1966-08-17 1969-04-15 Florence Cohn Method of producing shrink-free knitted fabric having characteristics of elastic restorability
US3395554A (en) * 1966-09-12 1968-08-06 Siegfried Wallner Jr. Knee stretch stocking
US3522717A (en) * 1967-11-30 1970-08-04 Klinger Mfg Co The Stocking and method of making the same
US4057880A (en) * 1976-09-23 1977-11-15 Kellwood Company Method of producing snag resistant hosiery article

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GB676522A (en) 1952-07-30

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