US2580713A - Plastic detergents and method of making same - Google Patents

Plastic detergents and method of making same Download PDF

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US2580713A
US2580713A US731148A US73114847A US2580713A US 2580713 A US2580713 A US 2580713A US 731148 A US731148 A US 731148A US 73114847 A US73114847 A US 73114847A US 2580713 A US2580713 A US 2580713A
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phase
detergent
soap
water
composition
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Richard C Wood
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Priority to FR962016D priority patent/FR962016A/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/08—Liquid soap, e.g. for dispensers; capsuled
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
    • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
    • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
    • C11D17/003—Colloidal solutions, e.g. gels; Thixotropic solutions or pastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/002—Non alkali-metal soaps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols

Definitions

  • This invention relates to shampoos and other saponaceous detergents in non-liquid, non-solid, plastic form, suitable for packing and dispensing in collapsible tubes or in jars or tins.
  • Shampoos are detergents especially adapted for washing the hair and scalp, and are usually produced either in liquid form or in semi-liquid cream form, or in the form of an opaque paste.
  • a shampoo which is equally adaptable to other detergent uses
  • It is normally a transparent or translucent, liquid-crystalline plastic composition having a surprising ease of solution when rubbed in the presence of water.
  • It consists of highly soluble soap-like detergents in what is known as the middle phase, which may be somewhat modified and softened in consistency if desired by the inclusion of a minor proportion of a more liquid phase.
  • the middle soap phase or sodium soaps of ordinary soap-making fatty acids such as the fatty acids of ta llow, olive oil, and coconut oil, is stable only at elevated temperatures well above room temperature.
  • Middle soap of the potassium salts of at least some of these same fatty acids can exist in stable condition at room temperature, and at this temperature it is a translucent tough gummy paste, in reality a comparatively firm plastic liquid crystal which dissolves in water with difficulty, even when rubbed. Soap in this form is commercially marketed in relatively small amounts, frequentlyas an automobile soap.
  • the detergent composition of my invention takes advantage of the plastic nature of the middle phase, and of its transparency when this is desired, yet avoids the excessive and objectionable toughness and slow solubility which has heretofore characterized this soap phase.
  • My product which possesses its desirable properties at room temperature, may by suitably adjusting its composition be made of varied degrees of plasticity and of solubility rate over comparatively wide ranges. Although normally transparent or translucent, my product may be made opaque if preferred.
  • compositions which essentially comprise suitable salts of soap-like anionic synthetic organic detergents (triethanolamine lauryl sulfate being a preferred and outstanding example), preferably in admixture with water-soluble soaps of higher fatty acids, may be brought into a middle phase which has the characteristic gumminess, although usually to a lesser extent, and the characteristic transparency of previously known middle soaps.
  • suitable salts of soap-like anionic synthetic organic detergents triethanolamine lauryl sulfate being a preferred and outstanding example
  • water-soluble soaps of higher fatty acids may be brought into a middle phase which has the characteristic gumminess, although usually to a lesser extent, and the characteristic transparency of previously known middle soaps.
  • These products have good water solubility and produce suds of desirable quantity, permanence, and cleansing power.
  • a shampoo having outstanding advantages is produced from a mixture of soap and synthetic detergent predominantly in the middle phase, when a low molecular weight alkylolamine comprises at least the major proportion of the basic radicals.
  • My compositions produce an attractive and efiicient shampoo, or other detergent product, in paste form suitable for packing and distributing in collapsible tubes or shallow jars; produce such a product in a brilliantly transparent form, and having a smooth uniform texture; produce products of this character comprising synthetic soaplike detergents resistant to precipitation by constituents of hard water; produce a transparent soap shampoo containing effective hard-watercurd-dispersing detergents.
  • a shampoo in plastic form without having to resort to mixing a non-saponaceous thickening agent, or a solid saponaceous crystalline material, with detergents in liquid form (e. g. in the neat phase or nigre phase) as has been done in the past.
  • detergents in this new physical form made in accordance with this invention are as follows.
  • Example 1 The following ingredients were blended by mild agitation at a temperature at which the mass remained highly fluid (i. e. in the nigre phase), about 130 F. to 150 F. 7
  • Triethanolamine salts of lauryl sulfates obtained by sulfating (with chlorsulfonic acid) the mixed fatty alcohols derived from coconut oil, and neutralizing these alkyl sulfuric acids with triethanolamine Triethanolamine oleate (from commercial oleic acid) 10
  • Triethanolamine mixed soaps of coconut oil 10
  • Commercial glyceryl monostearate obtained by hydrogenating cottonseed oil to an iodine value of about 8 and esterifying with about two equivalents of glycerin 2
  • Lauryl alcohol obtained from coconut oil by sodium reduction 1 TEA sulfate, TEA chloride, and nsulfated fatty alcohols, associated with the TEA alkyl sulfates approximately '2 Water, to bring to 100 parts.
  • the TEA alkyl sulfate is a highly soluble detergent which, is resistant to precipitation by hard water because its corresponding calcium and magnesium salts are Water soluble, and which is capable of existin in the middle soap phase .at ,room temperature.
  • the TEA fatty acid soaps in this example are highly soluble soaps also capable of existing in the middle soap phase at room temperature.
  • the glyceryl monostearate is included tomake the product opaque, and its omission results in an almost brilliantly transparent plastic product.
  • the free fatty alcohol modifies and helps to stabilize the plasticity of the product.
  • the electrolytes, TEA sulfate and chloride make the consistency softer and the product more rapidly soluble than it would be in their absence.
  • Example 2 Following a procedure similar to that of Example" 1, a somewhat -firmer plastic until all air bubbles escape, before allowing it to cool.
  • the product may be softened in consistency, if desired, by adding small amounts of electrolytes, such as acetic acid or TEA acetate.
  • This produced a rapidly soluble transparent plastic detergent which remained clear and homogeneous when stored for two months at a temperature of 120 F. and when stored for much longer periods Within the range of ordinary room temperatures.
  • Example 4 plastic detergent generally similar to Examples 1 and 2 was made, containing 32% TEA lauryl sulfate and 14.5% TEA olive oil soap.
  • ratio of synthetic detergent to true soap may vary considerably, depending upon critical phase relationships hereinafter discussed; but aside from such considerations ratios between :10 and 10:90 are preferred, not only for the sake of obtaining a product having desirable physical characteristics but also for obtaining at least a fair degree of hardwater-curd dispersion when used to wash the hair in hard water, and also for the sake of a rich and lasting lather when washing the hair.
  • the soap may be omitted from the formula entirely, if desired.
  • a substantialproportion of a low molecular Weight alkylolamine is preferred, and in addition sodium and/or potassium and, if the soap content is low and hence the pH relatively close to'l.
  • Alkylolamines suitable for this purpose include the mono-, di-, and triethanolamine and the corresponding normaland iso-propanolamines, low molecular alkyl.
  • substituted derivatives such as methyl diethanolamine and dibutyl ethanolamine, mixed alkylolamines such as propanol diethanolamine, cyclohexyl ethanolamine, alkylol polyaminessuch as ethanoland propanolderivatives of ethylene diamlne and 1,2-diaminopropanol, l-amino 2,3- propanediol and other alkylolamines having equivalent behavior, also mixtures of any of the foregoing.
  • mixed alkylolamines such as propanol diethanolamine, cyclohexyl ethanolamine
  • alkylol polyamines such as ethanoland propanolderivatives of ethylene diamlne and 1,2-diaminopropanol, l-amino 2,3- propanediol and other alkylolamines having equivalent behavior, also mixtures of any of the foregoing.
  • This class of amines may be characterized as those having the formula R-NXOH where X is any non-acidic organic residue containing not over 3 carbon atoms, and R and R may be hydrogen, any hydrocarbon radical containing not over 6 carbon atoms, or any nonacidic alcohol radical containing not over 3 carbon atoms.
  • the anionic radical of the synthetic detergent may be any organic sulfate or sulfonate whose water-soluble salts have pronounced detergent action in water.
  • These detergents constitute a large group of chemical compounds (the anionic radicals of which usually contain between 8 and about 26 carbon atoms) which includes such substances as salts of the sulfuric reaction products of aliphatic alcohols (e. g. sodium salt of lauryl or oleyl sulfuric acid or of the sulfuric acid ester of higher alcohols derived by the reduction of coconut oil), of aliphatic hydrocarbons (e. g. sodium salt of the sulfuric reaction product of hexadecene), of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives (e. g.
  • potassium salt of the sulfonic acid derived from the condensationprodnot of benzene and a chlorinated kerosene fraction containing predominantly 12 carbon atoms per molecule of monoglycerides of higher fatty acids (e. g. sodium salt of the coconut oil fatty acid mono-ester of 1,2-dihydroxy-propane-3- sulfuric acid ester and of the corresponding sulfonic acid), of high molecular alcohol esters of low molecular carboxylic acids (e. .g. the sodium salt of the lauryl ester of sulfoacetic acid), of monoalkyl glycerol and glycol ethers (e. g.
  • monolauryl ether of the sodium salt of isethionic acid the monomyristyl ether of the sodium salt of 1,2- dihydroxy-propane-3-sulfonic acid, the monolauryl ether of the sodium salt of glycol monosulfuric acid, and the triethanolamine salt of the coconut oil higher alcohol ether of 1,2-dihydroxy propane-3-sulfuric acid), of high molecular acyl esters of glycol and diethylene glycol (e. g. the potassium salt of monooleoyl diethylene glycol sulfate and the coconut oil fatty acid ester of the sodium salt of isethionic acid), of high molecular fatty acid amides of lower molecular alkylolamines (e. g.
  • sodium salt of. sulfated coconut oil fatty acid ethanol amide of high molecular fatty acid amides of lower molecular alkyl amines (e. g. potassium salt of oleic acid amide of N-methyl taurine), of low molecular carboxylic acid amides of alkylolamine esters of high molecular fatty acids (e. g. sodium salt of the sulfoacetamide of amino ethyl laurate), and the like.
  • the consistency of products of the invention at room temperature which is conveniently measured and recorded in terms of a standardized penetration test, such as that described in the U. S. Pharmacopaea for testing petrolatum, may be varied over a wide range by choice of the basic radicals and also by formulating the composition so that it contains, if desired, a minor proportion of one of the more liquid soap phases, e. g. nigre soap phase and/or neat soap phase.
  • a standardized penetration test such as that described in the U. S. Pharmacopaea for testing petrolatum
  • the composition may conveniently be made to contain a small amount of the detergent ingredients in the nigre phase, dispersed throughout the middle phase, either by increasing the moisture content or by increasing the electrolyte content, or by simultaneously increasing both of these, beyond the values at which the composition is in the pure middle phase.
  • the addition of free fatty alcohol tends to convert some of the middle phase to neat phase, and the addition of small amounts of free triethanolamine tends to avoid the formation of the neat phase.
  • the transparency of the composition is aifected but slightly by the presence of dispersed nigre phase (which has nearly the same refractive index as the corresponding middle phase), but the presence of neat phase causes noticeable turbidity or cloudiness.
  • Example 5 A quantity of mixed higher :alcohols obtained by sodium reduction of coconut oil was sulfated with chlorsulfonic acid. The resulting lauryl sulfuric acid mix was neutralized with an equimolecular mixture of TEA and aqueous sodium hydroxide, and a sufficient additional amount of this alkaline mixture was added to react with'the mixed coconut oil fatty acids which were added as soon as the neutralized alkyl sulfate paste had been heated to about 160 F Small amounts of coloring matter, perfume, b01- rax, sodiumtripolyphosphate, and a slight excess of TEA, were added, together with enough water to bring the total watercontent of the mass up to 50%.
  • the consistency of the mass was then adjusted to the desired valuesuitable for use from a collapsible tube, judged by a sample cooled to room temperature, by adding small amounts of acetic acid or coconut oil alcohols (to soften the consistency), or by adding a small amount of TEA (to increase the firmness). After stirring a few minutes, and allowing to cool quietly to about F., the liquid material was filled into tubes which were sealed and allowed to cool. The product was a transparent medium soft plastic.
  • the components of the Examples 6 to 10 were essentially synthetic detergent-soap-water, with only minor amounts of extraneous materials which were associated with the synthetic detergent.
  • the compositions of these detergents were as follows:
  • Sodium monoglyceride sulfonate made from mixed fatty acids from coconut oil. The sulfonate was about 99% pure, the remainder being about 1% water, under 0.1% unsulfonated, and traces of NaCl and Na2SO4.
  • Sodium monoglyceride sulfate made from coconut oil fatty alcohols. Desalted commercial Vel was used, about 99% pure detergent sulfate, about 1% water, under 0.1% unsulfated, trace of Na2SO4.
  • Sodium sulfoacetic ethanolamide laurate the laurate group being mixed coconut oil fatty alcohols. This detergent was about 96% pure, the remainder being about 1% water, under 0.1% petroleum ether extract, 2.8 NaCl, trace NazSO4.
  • Example 6 the designated synthetic detergent was mixed with substantially pure TEA (triethanolamine) coconut oil soap and water in the proportions required to produce the finished product analysis shown in the examples, the percentage figures shown therein representing the pure materials. It is of course understood that in all cases double decomposition exchanges of radicals may occur; thus in Example 6, the Na sulfonate and TEA soap interact to some extent to form Na soap and TEA sulfonate.
  • TEA triethanolamine
  • the mixture was warmed to about 250 F. in a closed container, stirred to make it homogeneous, and cooled quickly to room temperature.
  • Example 7 Na monoglyceride sulfate percent 5.0 TEA coconut oil soap do 45.0 Water, do 50.0 Minor extraneous materials Trace The product had a relatively soft consistency and contained a small amount of nigre Phase uniformly dispersed in the main body of middle phase.
  • Example 8 Percent Na alkyl benzene sulfonate 24.0 TEA coconut oil soap 25.0 Water 50.7 Minor extraneousmaterials 0.3
  • the product had a relatively stilT consistency and was in the middle phase.
  • Example 9 Percent Na sulfoacetic ethanolamide laurate 9.6 TEA coconut oil soap 45.0 Water 45.1 Minor extraneous materials 0.3
  • the product had a relatively stiff consistency and was in the middle phase.
  • Example 10 Na lauryl sulfqacetate percent 10.0 TEA coconut oil soap do 70.0 Water do 20.0 Minor extraneous materials Trace Water 50.5
  • Example 12 F0llowing the same procedure as in Examples 6 to 10, an all middle phase synthetic detergent product having a medium plastic consistency was made with the following formula:
  • Example 13 Following the same procedure as in Examples 6 to 10, an all middle phase product having a medium heavy plastic consistency was made with the following formula:
  • the pure midcliephase region of the anionic synthetic detergents and of soap-synthetic detergent mixtures is in most cases to be found between about 4-9 or 59 per cent about 8-501 90 per total detergent content. existence of the composition in this region is readily recognized by its rather tough gummy plasticity and its substantially clear translucency or transparency. Further and more positive confirmation of the presence of the middle phase, if desired, may be obtanied by microscopic examination of a thin layer of the material between crossed nicol prisms.
  • Middle phase can be distinguishcd from other known detergent phases which might be present viscous or plastic or paste type detergent composition at room tom pcrature by a certain characteristic conic or smcctic anisotropic liquid crystalline nature (a class of liquid crystals described in Jerome Alexanders Colloid Chemistry, vol. I, 1926, beginning p. 107) as illustrated by the accompanying photographs.
  • Figure l of the annexed drawings is a reproduction a phctomicrograph (100 diameters) of a sample of the product of Example as observed between crossed nicols soon after the material was pressed out under a coverglass on a microscope slide, and is characteristic of mid.- dle phase material as distinguished from neat and nigre.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the same microscope slide (sealed around the edges to prevent moisture loss) about 5 hours later, after the liquid crystals havesubstantially reformed so as to display their conic'nature. Both views are fairly typical of products of the presentinvention at room temperature. r I
  • nigre phase admixed with the middle phase in products of the invention is most conveniently judged by the sharp drop in the viscosity of the mass which occurs when nigre phase is first introduced, together with the absence of evidence of neat phase as later explained.
  • .Small amounts of nigre phase dispersed throughout middle phase change the product from a rather tough gum, resembling cold Vaseline or heavy lubricating grease in consistency, to a. softer plastic having a consistency much like that of medicinal Vaseline at room temperature. Larger amounts of nigre phase in the product may make it undesirably soft and subject to separation of phases.
  • nigre phase Under .a polarizing microscope masses of nigre phase ordinarily remain dark in the field, since this phase is an isotropic or microscopically amorphous liquid. Exceptionally viscous nigres mayshow a brightening of the field when disturbed, but show no microscopicv structure as do middle and neat phases. g The presence of neat phase ln room temperature samples of detergent compositions can be judgedv in several ways. Neat phase, although not; an ordinary liquid' (since, for example, unsupported drops do not assume a spherical shape), has a very much softer or more liquid consistency than middle phase, but is more viscous than nlgre phase.
  • 'Neat phase is an anlsoreproduction-of a photom-icrograph (100 diam eters) ofa sample of hydrated potassium soap of commercial oleic acid (70% soap, 30% water), in the neat phase and Fig. 4 illustrates thelsame microscope field taken just after pressing the cover glass down on the sample. It is to be noted that areas which are black. in Fig. 3 have become; bright in Fig. 4. The structures illustrated in these photographs and. the behavior when disturbed, an effect which is often rapidly reversible in sufiiciently fluid neat phase, serve to distin-- guish neat phase from middle phase. Droplets of neat phase dispersed in middle phase may also be recognized by their paler color when the product is artificially colored, because neat phase is. a poorer solvent for water-soluble colors than is middle phase.
  • saponaceous detergents comprising anionic synthetic detergents, which one may use in the present invention include a large group of individual detergent species and mixtures of species, Those which one may expect to be capable of existing in a middle phase stable at room temperature, and which are therefore suitable for use, include (without limiting the invention to these): potassium and lower alkylolamine oleates, linoleates, laurates, caprates; potassium and lower alkylolamine soaps of the mixed fatty acids of oils of the coconut oil groupv (coconut, palm kernel, babassu, and the like) lower alkylolamine and ammonium sulfateand sulfonatedetergents having unsaturated.
  • the room'temperaturepure middle phase re gion for any such detergent or mixture of detergents, in the substantial absence of electrolyte, includes in nearly all cases detergentzwater ratios somewhere between :40 and :30; thus providing a convenient starting point in locating and plotting the middle phase field with any unfamiliar detergent mixture. Having selected a suitable moisture content for any appropriately chosen mixture of soap and synthetic deter-1 gents within the pure middle phase region, the
  • this region on the side towards the adjacent middle-nigre region may be determined by adding either water or electrolyte very slowly with slow agitation and noting when a sudden softening of consistency occurs. If for the given formula the composition is undesirably firm in the pure middle phase region, this addition of water or electrolyte maybe continueduntil the desired consistency is reached. In order to facilitate easy mixingsuch adjustments are made at an elevated temperature, often between F. and
  • coconut oil soap TEA alkyl sulfate TE iA coconut 100:0 to l0z 90 55 to Ol soap.
  • TEA alkyl sulfate TEA oleate ... :0 to l0: 90 65 to 75 1
  • the total active detergent content of products of the invention is usually more than 35 per cent and is seldom over 80 per cent, depending upon choice of ingredients and desired consistency and ease of solution.
  • an opaque plastic product is desired, rather than a translucent or transparent product, this result may be accomplished either by incorporating air in vesiculated form or by incorporating a finely dividedsolid material such as titanium dioxide or zinc stearate, or a crystalline solid such as stearic acid or glyceryl monostearate, any such crystalline materials preferably being incorporated at a temperature sufficiently high to bring it into a liquid condition in order that upon cooling and resolidifying it will appear as minute crystals which produce a desirable sheen in the paste.
  • Modifying ingredients may be added for various other purposes if desired, such as glycerin, ethanol, soluble cellulose derivatives, deodorized kerosene, to name but a few.
  • a saponaceous detergent (at least 25 per cent of which is a sulfated or sulfonated anionic organic detergent), at least about 10% water, and electrolyte, to form a highly fluid homogeneous mass in the nigre phase, containing between 35 per cent and 80 per cent of saponaceous detergent ingredients, and cooling said mass to room temperature, its composition beingso chosen that at room temperature it is predominantly in the middle phase but includes a minor proportion remaining in the nigre phase, said middle phase having a gummy plasticity and a characteristic conic anisotropic liquid crystalline nature as observed under a polarizing microscope, and said nigre phase being characterized by its amorphous nature and lack of structure as observed under 75 a polarizing microscope.
  • the process of preparing a detergent composition having a soft plastic consistency and ready solubility in water comprising: mixing at a temperature of about 130 F. to about 160 F. a saponaceous detergent (at least per cent of which is a sulfated or sulfonated anionic detergent), at least about 10% water, and electrolyte, to form a fluid homogeneous mass containing between per cent and 85 per-cent of saponaceous detergent ingredients; and cooling said mass to room temperature thereby converting it predominantly to the middle phase, having a gummy plasticity and a characteristic conic anisotropic liquid crystalline nature as observed under a polarizing microscope, the relative proportions of saponaceous detergent, water, and electrolyte of the original mixture being so chosen with regard to the character of the detergent and the electrolyte that the-final composition at room temperature includes a minor proportion of detergent in a liquid detergent phase.
  • a saponaceous detergent at least per cent of which is a sulfated or sulfonated
  • a detergent composition comprising as an essential ingredient a sulfated or sulfonated anionic organic detergent, more than 35% but not more than 90% of the said composition being saponaceous detergents selected from the group consisting of water-soluble soaps and sulfated or sulfonated anionic organic detergents, and at least 10% of said composition being water, the said sulfated or sulfonated detergents amounting to from 10% to 100% of the total of said saponaceous detergents, all saponaceous detergent components of said composition being predominantly and stably in the plastic and substantially transparent middle phase at room temperatures as'detectable by microscopic observation, said composition comprising also a dispersion of a minor proportion of a phase of said detergent components that is more liquid than said middle phase, said composition thereby having a rate of solution in water greater than and a plastic consistency softer than the corresponding values of potassium middle soaps of commerce and of the detergent components of the said composition when entirely in the homogeneous middle
  • composition of claim 5 in which the greater solution rate and softer plasticity are due to the presence of increased electrolyte components, in relation to the water content of the composition, as compared with otherwise identical compositions entirely in the homogeneous middle phase at room temperature.
  • composition of claim 5 in which the greater solution rate and softer consistency are due to the presence of detectable minor amounts of the liquid nigre phase of the detergent components, uniformly dispersed throughout the said middle phase.
  • composition of claim 5 comprising also amounts of electrolytes of the group consisting of acetic acid, and acetates, chlorides and sulfates of sodium, potassium, ammonium, and lower alkylolamines, sufficient to prevent the detergent components of said composition from being entirely in the middle phase.
  • a perfume-containing and translucent to substantially transparent detergent composition in rapidly soluble soft plastic form at room temperatures, having an extremely smooth texture and being free from the objectionable tough gumminess and slow solubility which characterizes prior middle phase detergents, and being easily dispensable from a collapsible tube upon the application of slight pressure
  • said composition comprising as an essential ingredient a sulfatedor sulfonated anionic organic detergent, all detergent components of said composition being chosen from the group consisting of fatty acid soaps .and sulfated and sulfonated anionic detergents, more than 35%but not more than of said composition being said detergent components, said detergent components being predominantly and stably in the middle phase at room temperature as detectable by microscopic observation, a substantial proportion of said detergent components, and enough to increase the solution rate and increase the softness of said composition, being lower alkylol amine'detergent salts.
  • composition of claim 9 comprising a substantial proportion of lower alkylolamine detergent salts.
  • composition of'claim 9 wherein'the detergent components comprise a substantial proportion of sodium detergent salts.
  • composition of claim 13 comprising water-soluble soap in a substantial amount which does not exceed 96% of the total of the detergent components of said composition.
  • composition of claim 9 including in intimate admixture with said middle phase a minor propoition of a phase of the detergent components more liquid than said middle phase, the amount of said more liquid phase being sumcient to impart to said composition ready solubility in water and reduced toughness, an'd'being not so great as to cause separation of phases.
  • composition of claim 14 in which said more liquid phase is the liquid nigre phase.
  • composition of claim 15 comprising triethanolamine detergents selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine soaps of coconut oil fatty acids and triethanolamine sulfates of fatty alcohols derived from coconut oil, and'mixtures thereof.
  • composition of claim 15 in which the totaldetergent content is between 40 per cent and 60 per cent by weight.
  • a detergent composition in plastic and translucent to substantially transparent form comprising a sulfated or sulfonated anionic organic detergent, at least about 10% and not more than 40% water, and a water soluble soap amounting to at least 35% of said composition, said detergent and soap being predominantly and stably in homogeneous middle phase at room temperatures as detectable by microscopic observation, and said organic detergent being at least 10% of the total of said detergent and said soap.
  • composition of claim 18 rendered opaque by the presence of an opacifying agent in finely divided form uniformly dispersed therethrough.
  • composition of claim 20 in which the lower alkylolamine is triethanolamine.
  • composition of claim 18 comprising also in intimate admixture therewith a minor proportion of a phase of said detergent and soap more liquid than said middle phase, the amount of said more liquid phase being sufficient to impart to said composition ready solubility in water and reduced toughness, and being not so great as to cause separation of phases.
  • a translucent to substantially transparent detergent composition of soft plastic consistency and ready solubility in water comprising 40 per cent to 60 per cent by weight of a mixture of different saponaceous detergents at least one fourth of which are lower alkylolamine organic sulfate or sulfonate detergents, and which at room temperatures under a polarizing microscope exhibits a characteristic anisotropic liquid crystalline nature and which upon heating to about 130 F. to 250 F'., under sufficient pressure to prevent boiling, loses its liquid crystalline nature and becomes an isotropic liquid.
  • a detergent composition having a soft plastic consistency suitable for its packaging in collapsible tubes and in jars, comprising from 40 per cent to 60 per cent by weight of water-soluble fatty acid soap and soap-like synthetic sulfate or sulfonate detergent, the ratio of soap to synthetic detergent ranging from 75:25 to 25:75, and at least about water, the composition comprising an amount of the homogeneous middle phase (of all detergent components thereof sufficient to impart substantial plastic body, at least half of the basic radicals being those of triethanolamine.
  • composition of claim 26 comprising also a small amount of a consistency modifying agent chosen from a group of electrolytes consisting of acetic acid and triethanolamine acetate.
  • composition of claim 26, comprising also a small amount of free fatty alcohol as a consistency modifying agent.
  • a synthetic detergent-containing composition in a rapidly soluble soft plastic form comprising at least one member of the group composed of sodium soaps and sodium anionic organic detergent sulfates and sulfonates which in admixture with water and electrolyte are capable of existing stably in the middle phase only at elevated temperatures above room temperature in the absence of other detergents, and comprising also at least one member of the group consisting of potassium, ammonium, and lower alkylolamine soaps and ammonium and lower alkylolamine anionic organic detergent sulfates and sulfonates which in admixture with water and electrolyte are capable of existing stably in the middle phase at room temperature, the proportion by weight of detergent components of the second group being greater than the proportion of detergent components of the first group, all detergent compoents of said composition being predominantly and stably in homogeneous middle phase at room temperatures as detectable by microscopic observation, said composition containing at least about 10% water, and the total
  • composition of claim 29 containing only liquid crystalline and isotropic liquid components and being free from components in solid form.
  • composition of claim 29 including in intimate admixture with said middle phase a minor proportion of the liquid nigre phase of said detergent components, the amount of said nigre phase being sufficient to impart to said composition ready solubility in water and reduced toughness, and being not so great as to cause separation of phases.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US731148A 1947-02-26 1947-02-26 Plastic detergents and method of making same Expired - Lifetime US2580713A (en)

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US731148A US2580713A (en) 1947-02-26 1947-02-26 Plastic detergents and method of making same
GB30863/47A GB666767A (en) 1947-02-26 1947-11-20 Plastic detergents and method of making same

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3718609A (en) * 1971-04-05 1973-02-27 Continental Oil Co Liquid detergent compositions
US4615819A (en) * 1984-02-26 1986-10-07 Lever Brothers Company Detergent gel compositions in hexagonal liquid crystal form
GB2179054A (en) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-25 Unilever Plc Detergent gel compositions
GB2179055A (en) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-25 Unilever Plc Detergent gel composition
US5024776A (en) * 1987-08-21 1991-06-18 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Machine dishwashing compositions
US5320783A (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-06-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent gels containing ethoxylated alkyl sulfate surfactants in hexagonal liquid crystal form
US5607910A (en) * 1993-06-30 1997-03-04 Sherry; Alan E. Detergent gels containing ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and secondary sulfonates
WO2011084780A1 (en) * 2009-12-21 2011-07-14 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dishwashing paste

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2047320A (en) * 1933-06-14 1936-07-14 Procter & Gamble Soap cream
US2134666A (en) * 1935-02-09 1938-10-25 Rit Products Corp Brushless shaving cream
US2345307A (en) * 1943-03-19 1944-03-28 American Cyanamid Co Detergent composition

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2047320A (en) * 1933-06-14 1936-07-14 Procter & Gamble Soap cream
US2134666A (en) * 1935-02-09 1938-10-25 Rit Products Corp Brushless shaving cream
US2345307A (en) * 1943-03-19 1944-03-28 American Cyanamid Co Detergent composition

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3718609A (en) * 1971-04-05 1973-02-27 Continental Oil Co Liquid detergent compositions
US4615819A (en) * 1984-02-26 1986-10-07 Lever Brothers Company Detergent gel compositions in hexagonal liquid crystal form
GB2179054A (en) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-25 Unilever Plc Detergent gel compositions
GB2179055A (en) * 1985-08-16 1987-02-25 Unilever Plc Detergent gel composition
US5024776A (en) * 1987-08-21 1991-06-18 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Machine dishwashing compositions
US5320783A (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-06-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent gels containing ethoxylated alkyl sulfate surfactants in hexagonal liquid crystal form
US5607910A (en) * 1993-06-30 1997-03-04 Sherry; Alan E. Detergent gels containing ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and secondary sulfonates
WO2011084780A1 (en) * 2009-12-21 2011-07-14 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dishwashing paste

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GB666767A (en) 1952-02-20
BE480713A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR962016A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1950-05-27

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