US257678A - Electric light - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

E. A. EDWARDS.

ELECTRIC LIGHT.

No. 257,678. Patented May 9, 1882.

N. PETERS. Pmm-Lnhogmpm, wnsnmgwn, D. C.

,UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE..

EDGAR A..EDVARDS, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

ELECTRIC LIGHT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 257,678, dated May 9, 1882. Application tiled September 12, 18.81. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDGAR A. EDWAuDs, a citizenof the United States, and a resident ot' Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Lights, ot' which the following is a specification.

The objectof my invention is to provide im' proved means for regulating electric lamps by the counteracting forces ot' two coils ot' difterent resistance, through which the electric currentis made to pass in the manner hereinafter described, so that when, by a too great separation ofthe carbons, the current is reduced the electro-magnet ot' greater resistance is brought into action, so as to bring the carbons together again.

The various features of my invention will be more fully setforth in the description otl the accompanying drawings.

Figure l is a front elevation ot' an electric lamp embodying my iuven tion. Fig. 2 is a perspective view ot the electromagnets and devices for automatically adjusting the regulating-rod or upper-carbon holder, the said rod being shown broken oiattop and bottom. Fin'. 3 is a sectional plan on the line au Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a broken sectional elevation, showing a moditied form of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a vertical central section ot' Fig. 2 and the case in which it is inclosed. Fig. Gis a rear elevation of a broken upper section ot' my invention, showing the switch for bringing the lamp and ils magnet in and out ot' circuit, `the upper righthand bindingpost being shown in section. Fig. 7 is a modified form ot' clutch-brake.

The lamp here shown is designed to he one of a series placed in a circuit, its construction being such that the operation, adjustment, and shutting out ot one lamp will not interfere with the remaining lamp in circuit.

A represents a Inetallic case, within which the magnets and regulating devices are placed, anditis made of softiron. acrepresentcross arms attached to the sides of case A.

B B representvertical rods attached to crossarms c c.

Bll represents a cross-arm attached to rods B B', `forming the base of the lamp.

b represents the 1ower-carbon holder.

b represents a set-screw for vertically adjusting the carbon-holder b.

Rod B isinsulaed from metallic connection with the arms a. and B by means of guttapercha or other suitable insulations. Rod B is in metallic contact with arms B, and forms a partof the circuit when the lamp is in .operation. Bod B is insulated from metallic con neetion with arm c by means of gutta-percha washers and bushing; butit has a metallic connection with the binding-post N by means of a screw-rod, D, as shown in Fig. (i, c c representing the insulating washers or bushing.

E E refer to an ordinary U-shaped electro magnet, which is composed ot' two helical coils of coarse wire wound upon spools that are secured to and in metallic connection with the soft-iron case A, the wire composing the said coils extending from one to the other, as shown in Fig. 2. One end of the said magnet-wires is connected to switch F and the other end to case A. G G and G G represent axial armatures.

H H refer to an ordinary U-shaped electromagnet, the two coils ot' which are composed ot' wire that is iiner than the wire ot' the upper U-magnct, E F. The spools ofthe U-magnet H H are secured to the sott iron casing A, so that in effect these magnets constitute a double U-magnet comprising coils of ditl'erent resistance, thoseot'the tine wire beingof greater resistance than those ot' coarser wire. The magnet H El is designed to hare a resistance in al circuit equal to that ot' the dynamic machine and the main circuit of all the lamps, including the coils otl the electro-magnet E.

h represents dash-pots, in which the lower'` ends ot' armatures G are placed. dash-pot may be used.

c It' represent the positive ends ot' wires of the magnets E H. They are electrically connected and united by means ot' a metallic connection, p, to the positive binding-post I. The opposite end of'the tine magnet-wire h is electrically connected to binding-post N, so that when switch F is in the vertical position the magnet E is in circuit; but when switch F is turned and brought in contact with 'i the lamp is short-circuited by cutting the carbons out. Armatures G G form the axial cores for magnet E E, and G G are the axial cores for magnet H H.

'Y represents a yoke which unites thetwo armatures G G and G' G. Through the cen Any form ot' IOC ter ot' yoke Y is a slot or mortise, through which loosely passes the upper-earbon-rod holder L. This rod maybe otl an H shape, as shown in Fig. 4, or of a hollow square form, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 5, or ot' any other form adapted to an inside two-pointed clutch.

Z represents pivoted levers, the free ends of which rest in stirrups l, the other ends working on pivot If, attached to onel of the spools ot' the electro-magnet H.

M represents a yoke-lever surroinnling the rod L, and provided with cross-head m, resting on the levers l', the opposite end being supported upon the opposite spool ot" the magnet H.

0 indicates the friction-clutch brake, which will be madeot' a thin plate, having knifeedge points adapted to engage the inner walls ot' the hollow upper-carbon holder, as hereinafter set forth. .It is placed in the channel ot' the hollow rod L and rigidly attached to yokelever lll. As the armature-yoke Y raises `stirrups the pivoted levers l will also rise, which in turn raise one'end of thelever M, and thereby press the sharp edges ot' clutch 0 against the side ot the rod L, thus raising` rod L corresponding to the movements ot' yoke Y, and a corresponding` descending movement of the yoke Y tends to release the ends of clutch O, which allows the descent of rod L, the points ot' the clutch acting as a brake and checking the rapid motion ot' rod L.

T iepresents a retractible armature-spring, one end of which is attached to the armatureyoke Y and the other end to case A.

There are two circuits in my lamp, one of which is the lamp-circuit, which conveys the current to support combustion and form the light, andis as follows: P represents the positive binding-post;p, a metallic wire connection connecting it with the wires e h', which form branches of a divided circuit. The coarse-wire magnetisin thelamp-circuit, and through this magnet the electricity passes to case A, thence through wire Q, through the carbon-holder L, thence through the carbons S S, the carbonholderb,through arms B", rod B, and by means ot'screwuod D to the negative post N, thence to other lamps in the circuit. The external current, which, in combination with the primary eurrentand magnets, automatically adjusts the one carbon to and from the other and maintains the arc ot' uniform size, is as follows: The positive current is conveyed by wire h', through magnet H H, and by metallic connection ofwire lo', thence through wire u, to binding-post N, Where it again unites with the lamp current or circuit.

j represents an adjustable stop. It is pret'- erably made of U shape and ot' soft brass, so as to be bent up or down; but a screw-stop may be used instead. This stop is ladjusted so as to prevent the upper carbon from rising high enough to break the are.

The following is the'mode of operation ot' my lamp and automatic carbon-adjusting devices. The lamp is adjusted ready for operation. lhctwocarbonsarein contact, the upper one resting freely upon the lower one, and the circuit established by means of switch F. The electricity passes through the lamp in two circuits, as above described, the maximum force being exerted in the lamp-circuit, a minimum amount through the lesser circuit in proportion to the resistances between the entire lampcircuits and the resistance in electro-magnet H H, which, being ot' fine-wire coils, has a greater resistance than the electro-magnet ot coarse wire. By reason of the greater amount of magnetism developed in the magnetEE,the axial armatures G G are attracted upward imo the cavities ofthe spools of magnet E E, carrying upward theyoke-armature Y, with depending stirrup Zand lower axial cores, G' G', thereby elevating the ends ot' levers l l and carryingupward the cross-heads moi' the yokelever l\[ and throwing brake-clutch O into contact with rod L, which rod it clutches by angular mpingeznent and carries upward until the ends ot' lever M come in Contact with adjustable stopj, thereby separating the upper and lower carbons and producing the voltaic are between the carbons. Vhen the carbon wastes away by the action ot' the current the resistance ot' the lamp-circuit is increased, magnetism in the electro-magnet E E is decreased, and more current passes through the electromagnet H H, increasing` its magnetism and drawingdownward cores G G', withyokelever connections, and clutch O, thus carrying down rod L, and thereby adjusting the carbons and decreasing the resistance of the principal circuit, and also shortening the arc and increasing magnetism in the magnet E E when the downward movement ot' the carbon-holder is arrested. This movement is continued until the end ot' lever M touches the top ot' one of the spools of the electro-magnet H, when the angular impingementotclutch is decreased, allowing rod L to be again raised.

ln practice the action ot the two magnets oi different resistauces operating upon the adjusting mechanism is so sensitive and instantaneous in its action that practically the carbons are balanced by the two forces, so as to maintain almost a uniform arc without any perceptible flicker, giving a clear, bright, and desirable light.

When the form ot' carbon rod L shown in Fig. 4 is employed two clutches O may be employed, one clutch working in each ot' the respective channels, being rigidly connected to yoke-lever, as above described.

It is obvious that the adjusting mechanism and the arrangement ot' the electro-magnets ot' different resistances may be applied by reversing their position so as to adjust the lower instead ofthe upper carbon holder; or both upper and lower adjustments may be employed in one and the same lamp.

It is also obvious that, instead of yoke Y being made ot' a single piece of soft iron, two yokes or unitingarms may be employed, provided one or both be connected to the clutclry TOO IIO

ing mechanism. Such a change would be a mere modification ot' the first feature of my invention.

What I claim is- 1. The combination, in an electric lamp, of the channeled carbon-holder with the knifeedged friction-clutch arranged to work in the channel of the carbon-holder and connected to a vibratory yoke, -the yoke rigidly connecting the axial cores ofthe magnets, and adapted to raise said vibratory yoke, whereby the raising of such yoke will cause the friction-clutch to act as a brake for retarding the descent ofthe carbon-holder, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the double U- shaped electro-magnet composing magnets of dierent resistances, of the double-ed ged friction knife clutch and brake adapted to impnge simultaneously against the opposite sides ot' the channel-shaped carbon-holder, and mechanism for operating said clutch, substantially as set forth.

3. In combination with the channel-shaped carbon-holder and the friction-clutch brake, the link-levers l M and the armature-yoke Y, connected with the stirrup l, whereby the carbon-holder will rise and fall and adjust the are ot' the light, substantially as described.

4. The soft-iron case A, inclosing the two U-shaped electro-magnets ot' different resistance magnetically connected to theinterior of the case, in combination with a carbon-holder passingvertically up through the case, and the automatically-operatingdevices for connecting the armature-yoke with the carbon holder, substantially as herein set forth.

5. An electric lamp comprising the soft-iron case A and the two U-shaped electro-magnets of different resistances magnetically connected to and located within the interior of the case, said magnets having rising and falling axial cores united by a com mon armature-yoke, with au automatically-adjusting clutch mechanism adapted to raise and lower a metallic carbonholder passing loosely up through the ease, substantially as herein set forth.

6. In an electric lamp, the double U-magnet comprising coils of dift'erent resistance, with rising and falling axial cores united by a common armature-yoke, the rise and fall of which armature-yoke and cores operate the adjusting clutch mechanism for adjusting the arc of the light, the electromagnets being magnetically connected tothe metallic shell of the case, which acts as a metallic conductor and forms apart ot` the lamp-circuit through the carbonholder and carbous, an external circuit being employed for regulating the magnetic forces actuating the common yoke of the two magnets, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set myhand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDGAR A. EDWARDS.

Witnesses:

EUGENE L. FIRNKOESS, J. H. CHARLES SMITH.

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