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Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. H. GUEST.

ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

No. 259,007. Patented June 6,1882.

N. PETERS. Fhola-Liflwgmphur. Wnshingwn. D. c.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. H. GUEST.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

No. 259,007. Patented June 6, 1882.

N PETERS. Phnm-Ldlwgmphcr. wmm wn. D. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN H. GUEST, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 259,007, dated June 6, 1882.

Application filed March 20, 1882.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN H. GUEST, of Brooklymin the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Electric-Arc Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

In a lamp heretofore made by me, and for which Letters Patent were granted March 7, 1882, No. 254,546, the carbon is fed by'the action of an axial magnet or solenoid upon a lever-pawl and toothed wheel, to which latter a frictional spring is applied.

My present invention is an improvement thereon by which the lever and pawl are acted upon by electro-magnets. One magnet of low resistance is placed in the main circuit to draw back mechanism ready to feed the carbons, and the other magnet of high resistance is placed in a shunt-circuit to feed the carbon. According to the relative strength of current so the feed takes place. When the main-line current is weakened by the carbons being too far apart the shunt-current is proportionately augmented and the carbons are fed until the equilibrium is restored. I also provide a shunt between the and binding-posts, that is closed by a lever when the current through the electro-magnet in the main circuit and carbons is interrupted.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of the mechanism at the top of the lamp, with some portions in section. Fig.2 is a sectional plan at the line w 00. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of the mechanism at the bottom of the lamp. Fig. 4 is an elevation of the device for short-circuiting the current in case of an injury to the carbon. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the lamp complete. Fig. 6 is a plan of the magnets that operate the lower carbon. Fig. 7 is a diagram of the circuit-connections, and Fig.

, Sis a modification of the device shown in Fig.4.

The mechanism that moves the carbon is between the plates at b, that are connected by columns a, and there is a cylindrical case, b, that serves to protect the parts from dust or injury. This is to be raised up to give access to the parts.

The upper carbon, (1, is in a holder, 6, at the end of a toothed rack, f, and there is a pinion, i, made as a sleeve upon a shaft, is. (See Fig. 2.) The ratchet-wheel Z is upon this sleeve,

(No model.)

and the wheel a and its pawl are fastened to the shaft k. There is also a fine toothed or milled wheel, on, upon this shaft is, and 2 2 are the fixed bearings of said shaft 70. A frictionspring, Z, applies to the wheel a sufficient friction to prevent the same turning by the weight of the rack, carbon, and carbon-holder. The ratchet-wheel l and its pawl upon the wheel a allow the carbon-holder to be pushed up when a fresh carbon is inserted. The lever 0 and its pawl 3 act upon the fine teeth of the wheel m to force down the carbon; but the carbon can be pulled down by hand in adjusting it, because the rack in turning the pinion 1', ratchetwheel 1, brake-wheeln, and fine-toothed ratchetwheel m, causes the teeth on said wheel m to run under the pawl 3. The carbon may descend by its own weight in consequence of the brake-spring being partially raised, as hereinafter set forth.

There are two magnets,Fand 0, having cores 7 and 8, connected with the lever 0 by the links 0 0 These magnets are a-Xial magnets or solenoids, and hence the cores can move endwise within the helices.

The +-line current to the insulated bindingpost 4' passes through the coarse wire of the magnet O to the plates at b and columns a, and from them by springs 18 to the rack f and carbon-holder and upper carbon, thence to the lower carbon, .9, carbon-holder s, and plate t, which plate is supported by the side bars or frames, '6 t the bar 25 is insulated at both ends. Hence the current can be and is taken from the lower plate, 2?, through the insulated helix-wires of the magnets a u. and by the insulated wire 12 to the insulated frame-bar t and thence to the insulated negative binding post 14.. The springs 18 upon one of the columns a are in contact with the rack-bar f, and provide a sure route for the current from the plates a b to the barfinstead ot'depending simply upon the metallic contact of f with the plates 60 and b. The wire passing to the helices of the magnets 24 a should be formed into two branches, as shown in Fig. 6, and then be united again after leaving the helices into the one wire 12, so that the resistance of the magnets a a in the electric circuit may be lessened. The branch wires to the pairs of helices u, although only about The bar 25 is insulated at 9, and

half the sectional area of themaiircircuit wires, do not materially increase the resistance, as there are two routes for the current, and these branch wires form better helicesa for the lower magnets than the large wire would, because the several layers in the helices are closer to the core and promote the strength of the magnets, and there is a space between the four magnethelices for the lower-carbon holder.

The lower-carbon holderis made with a sliding core and armature, 15, and there is a spring to "aise the carbon and carbon-holder and a screw to adjust the distance'of the armature from the magnet-cores, in order that the distance of separation between the carbons may be varied; and I remark that when the lamp is at rest and the carbons touch each other, the electric current passes freely, and by energizing the magnets to causes them to draw down the lower carbon and effect the proper separa tion of said carbons. I provide a cylindrical case, 0 that is attached to the armature l5 and surrounds the magnets to a and prevents dust and particles of carbon from lodging upon the faces of the magnet-cores. This cylinder and the lower-carbon holder can be lifted off to facilitate the clearing after the screw 0 has been removed.

The helix of the solenoid F is of tine wire, and forms a resistance in the shunt-circuit extending from the b anch wire of the bindingpost 1' to the bar '6, thence to the plate 1 and magnets u. The parts are to be made with refcnce to the employment of the current required for a certain power of lamp. Hence when the lamp is in operation the currents through 0 and F set up magnetism in their respective cores and tend to move those cores. The core of F tends to move the lever 0 and pawl 25 in the direction to feed down the carbons by turning the tine-toothed ratchet m. The other sole noid, G, tends to prevent the lever so moving and feeding the carbon and to draw it back preparatory for the next feedin Hence, if the current in O exerts the most force on the lever 0, such lever will not act to feed the carbon; but when the current in U weakens, in consequence of the carbons consuming and becoming farther apart, then the magnet F in the shuntis augmented and moves the lever, feeds the carbon, and restores the equilibrium. These solenoids F and C may each be a single helix, or there may be two helices and cores for each solenoid, connected by cross-bars in pairs, the other parts remaining the same.

As it is ditlicult to make electro-magnet-s wound with fine wire of the same resistance, and as I have found that the best results are obtained where there are several lamps in circuit by having the electro-magnets F of each lamp of equal, or nearly equal, resistance, I therefore place in the same circuit with the magnet F a resistance, as atf, whenever the magnet 7"is not equal to the standard resist ance. This resistance may be a glass tube filled with carboirdust or other material, into which one end of the circuit-wire is sealed, and the other end of the circuit-wire is pressed into thecarbon until the galvanometer indicates that the wire in which F and f are placed is of the standard resistance, after which the glass is scaled around the wire.

The links 0 0 connecting the lever 0 with the cores of the solenoids F C, are adjustable, so that the points of connection to the lever may be nearer to or farther from the fulcrum to vary the relative leverage of the solenoids.

There is a lever, p, with its fulcrum 28, that has a soft-iron ring-shaped end, p around the core of the solenoid G, and at the other end there is an insulated tip, 20, that supports a sliding circuit-closer, q, that consists of a slotted weight hung by a pin, 25, that passes through the slot. This block is insulated from the frame, but connected to the binding-post 0'. There is a spring, 26, at the side of the block 25, which spring is insulated; but it is connected to the insulated binding-post 1 1-. Vhen the block q is raised and the insulated tip 20 of the lever 12 passed in beneath it, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 4-, said block is held up and the circuit between the binding'posts r 14 is interrupted. When the current is passed through the lamp the core of the solenoid 0 becomes magnetic and attracts the iron ring 19 of the lever 12, and the'lever is moved and the tip 20 swings away from below the block g, and said block falls, but it does not touch the spring 26. So long as there is any current passing through the carbons the lever-ringp will be held toward the magnet 0; but as soon as the current ceases, in consequence of the arbon breaking or falling out of its holder or otherwise, the magnet O demagnetizes, and the small spring 30, acting upon the leverp, is sufficiently powerful to swing the block q over into contact with the spring 26 and establish a short circuit between the and bind ing-posts r and 14, and prevent injury to the solenoid F or any interruption to the other lamps in the light-circuit.

I use the lever 19 for a second object-via, to apply friction to the brake-spring l and cause it to hold the carbon-rod. There is an arm, l extending out from the said spring Z and passing in beneath the lever 12. Hence when the lamp is in the condition of inactivity the carbons rest upon each other, because the spring-brake l is not enough to prevent the weight of the carbon-holder, rack, and carbon turning the pinion and brake-wheel a; but as soon as the current passes through 0 the lever 12 is by its ring end moved and presses upon the lever'arm Z of the brake-spring l, and increases the friction sufficiently to hold the parts, except when fed by the action of the lever o and pawl 3. So soon as the current through G ceases, as aforesaid, and the lever 12 is released, the brake-spring is liberated, and the carbon and holder can descend by their own weight, and the circuit through U may thereby be established, in which case the ring IIO of the lever 1) being reattracted and the lever p moved, the slotted block q falls away from contact with the spring 26, and the circuit is completely reestablished through the carbons. I remark that it is preferable to move the slotted block up and support it by the insulated tip of the lever, so that the circuit between the posts 7' and 14 will be broken after a new carbon has been inserted, otherwise the current, having three routes, might not be strong enough in the magnet U to attract the lever 19 and cause the lever 12 to move away from said block q.

A separate magnet, 0 Fig. 8, may be used to act upon the lever 12 and prevent it closing the circuit between the binding-posts r and 14, except when the circuit through the carbons is entirely interrupted and the magnet c demagnetized, and the same magnet can be employed forapplying pressure to or releasingthe springclamp Z of the brakewheel a. The electromagnet 0 will be in the wire circuit between G and the plate I), all the other circuit-connections being the same as in Fig. 7.

In cases where the feeding lever and mechanism only are required, the same may be actuated by one of the magnets F or O, the movement in the other direction being given by a spring.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination, with the carbon and carbon-holder, of an electro-magnet the helix of which is of high resistance and in a shuntcircuit, a lever and pawl, a ratchet-wheel and pinion by which the said magnet imparts to the carbon-holder a positive feed-motion, and a second electro-magnet of low resistance in the main circuit to draw back the lever and pawl, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, in an electric lamp, of the magnetG in the main circuit, a lever, 12, a spring, 26, and an insulated circuit-closing block, q, adapted to move vertically, the circuit connections to the and binding-posts,

and the spring 30, the parts being arranged substantially as specified, so that the block q is supported by the lever 19 previous to the lamp being lighted and dropped when the current is turned on and the shunt-circuit is closed by the lever 12 and spring 30 acting on such block q when the current in the magnet G becomes too weak, substantially as set forth.

3. In a mechanism for feeding carbons in electric lamps, the combination, with the carbon-holder and rack, of a pinion and ratchetwheel on a sleeve, a sh aft passing through such sleeve, a brake-wheel and a ratchet-wheel on the shaft, and a brake and feeding-lever, pawl, and electro-magnet, substantially as specified.

4. The combination, with the'lower carbon, carbon-holder, and armature, of four helices and theircores,said helices beingin two branch circuits, the wires of each branch circuit being about half the size of the wires in the main circuit, for the purposes and as set forth.

5. The combination, with the carbon-holder, pinion, feed-wheel, lever, and magnet for feeding the carbon, of a friction-wheel, a spring brake a magnet in the main circuit, and a lever to apply the necessary pressure to the springbrake for supporting the carbon when the lamp is in operation, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, with the carbon-holder and its armature, of four cores and theirhelices, of comparatively fine wire, connected by branches in the main circuit, so as to obtain the necessary magnetic force in a small space for separating the carbons without materially increasing the resistance, substantially as set forth.

Signed by me this 18th day of March, A. D. 1882.

J. H. GUEST.

Vi tnesses GEo. T. PrNcKNEY, WILLIAM G. MOTT.

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