US2562543A - Shock resistant alloy steel - Google Patents
Shock resistant alloy steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2562543A US2562543A US137287A US13728750A US2562543A US 2562543 A US2562543 A US 2562543A US 137287 A US137287 A US 137287A US 13728750 A US13728750 A US 13728750A US 2562543 A US2562543 A US 2562543A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- hardenability
- cobalt
- tungsten
- wear resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 7
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HJIYJLZFNBHCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[C] Chemical compound [V].[C] HJIYJLZFNBHCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
Definitions
- This invention pertains to an improved alloy steel and particularly, to an improved shock alloy which can be hardened in water and is of very low hardenability.
- Steels of low hardenability are of value for impact tools such as cold heading dies and similar applications.
- steels containing sufficient alloy to be called alloy steel have had too great hardenability to withstand the impact loading of most striking applications.
- the commonly used steels for this purpose are the so-called sraight carbon or carbon vanadium tool steels which had the desired w hardenabilityratings needed for many shock applications, but did not have sufficient impact wear resistance for use as toolsteels and thus had a rather short period of life.
- Another object has been to make possible the utilization of elements in an alloy steel that will help to impart wear resistance thereto without adversely increasing the hardenability of such steel;
- alloy steel has been made having a hardenability rating equivalent to many of the so-called straight carbon or vanadium tool steels, but which has a greatly increased life due to its increased toughness and wear resistance.
- a typical analysis of a steel made in accordance with my invention is:
- Remainder iron and incidental impurities (Total of Mn, Cr, Mo and Ni equals substantially 175% W and Co, each, equals substantially 1 plus .75%)
- the tungsten and cobalt will be in substantially equal proportions, see for example, the alloy of Table I. Vanadium insures toughness without adversely effecting hardenability and although not essential, it appears to aid the cobalt in offsetting the strong positive hardenability effect of metals such as molybdenum, manganese, etc.
- the amount of tungsten will be at least equal to the sum of the total amounts of the elements manganese, chromium, and molybdenum.
- a ferrous-base alloy which contains about .50 to 1.50% carbon, about .50 to 5.00% tungsten, about .50 to 5.00% cobalt, the remainder iron; the tungsten and cobalt being essential within equal ranges and the alloy being characterized by its low hardenability with its improved impact wear resistance, and by its extremely long life.
- a ferrous-base alloy which contains tungsten and negative-hardenability-imparting cobalt, each in substantially equal proportions and each being essential within the same range of about .50 to 5.00%, about 0.50 to 1.50% carbon, the remainder iron; the alloy being characterized by its low hardenability with an improved impact wear resistance, and by its extremely long'life.
- a ferrous-base alloy which consists essentially 01 about .50 to 1.50% carbon, about .50 to 5.00% each of tungsten and cobalt and being essential within the same range, up to about .50% each of silicon and manganese, up to about 2.00% each of chromium, vanadium, nickel and molybdenum, and the remainder iron; the alloy being characterized by its low hardenability with an improved wear resistance, and by its extremely long life.
- a ferrous-base alloy which consists essentially of about .50 to 1.50% carbon, about .50 to 5.00% each of tungsten and cobalt in substantially equal proportions and being essential within the same range, up to about .50% each of silicon and manganese, up to about 2.00% each of chromium, vanadium, nickel and molybdenum, and the remainder iron; the alloy being characterized by its low hardenability with an improved wear resistance, and by its extremely long life.
- a ferrous-base alloy which consists essentially of about .50 to 1.50% carbon, about .50 to 5.00% each of tungsten and cobalt in substantially equal proportions and being essential within the same range, up to about .50% each of silicon and manganese, up to about 2.00% each of chromium, vanadium, nickel and molybdenum, the tungsten being in a minimum amount of the total amount of the manganese, chromium, and molybdenum, and the remainder iron; the alloy being characterized by its low hardenability with an improved impact wear resistance, and by its extremely long life.
- a ferrous-base alloy which consists essentiallyof 1.00% carbon, about 20% manganese, about .16% silicon, about 30% chromium, about 1.75% tungsten, about .10% vanadium, about 1.74% cobalt, about .12% molybdenum, about .15% nickel, and the remainder iron; the alloy being characterized by its relative low hardenability with its improved impact wear resistance, and by its extremely long life; the alloy having a hardness of about Rockwell C or better and a Shepherd PF hardenability of about 5/32.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
Patented July 31, 1951 SHOCK RESISTANT ALLOY STEEL Le Roy Edward Gippert, Dunkirk, N. Y.. assignor to Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Brackenridge, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing. Application January 6, 1950, Serial No. 137,287
a i. This invention pertains to an improved alloy steel and particularly, to an improved shock alloy which can be hardened in water and is of very low hardenability.
Steels of low hardenability are of value for impact tools such as cold heading dies and similar applications. Previous to my present invention, steels containing sufficient alloy to be called alloy steel have had too great hardenability to withstand the impact loading of most striking applications. The commonly used steels for this purpose are the so-called sraight carbon or carbon vanadium tool steels which had the desired w hardenabilityratings needed for many shock applications, but did not have sufficient impact wear resistance for use as toolsteels and thus had a rather short period of life.
It has thus been an object of my inventionto provide a steel of the desired hardenability that will at the same time also have an improved impact wear resistance and thus a greater period of life;
Another object has been to make possible the utilization of elements in an alloy steel that will help to impart wear resistance thereto without adversely increasing the hardenability of such steel; 4
These and many other objects of my invention will appear tothose skilled in the art from the disclosure thereof.
I have been able to provide an alloy steel, or in other words, a ferrous-base alloy to which elements that normally increase hardenability can be included to increase wear resistance by properly proportioning such elements with the element cobalt.
I have found that cobalt can be used in this connection without adversely elfecting either the toughness or the desired low hardenability of the alloy and in such a manner as to offset the positive hardenability effect of elements which help to impart wear resistance. In accordance with my invention, alloy steel has been made having a hardenability rating equivalent to many of the so-called straight carbon or vanadium tool steels, but which has a greatly increased life due to its increased toughness and wear resistance.
A typical analysis of a steel made in accordance with my invention is:
6 Claims. (01. 75-123) Table I Percent Carbon 1.03
Manganese .20 Silicon .16
Table I-,-Continued Percent Chromium .30 Tungsten 1.75 Vanadium .10 Cobalt 1.74 Molybdenum .12 Nickel .15
Remainder iron and incidental impurities (Total of Mn, Cr, Mo and Ni equals substantially 175% W and Co, each, equals substantially 1 plus .75%)
The alloy of Table I when hardened from 1450 F. in water showed as an quenched hardness of Rockwell C or better. Its hardenability rating, using the well known Shepherd PF test was 5/32. Extremely long life was obtained when this alloy was used for cold heading dies.
The general alloy range within which the desired hardenability rating (shallow hardening) Molybdenum (optimum up to .50 Nil to 2.00
Remainder iron and incidental impurities It is believed that I have been the first to discover that the negative-hardenability element cobalt can, particularly within the specified range, be successfully used for the above purpose and without adversely effecting the alloy and its resultant properties. Molybdenum, manganese and chromium are strong in their positive hardenability effects, tungsten is intermediate, and nickel is low. Tungsten is the major alloying element with cobalt, and not only imp'arts good wear resistance, but makes possible a minimum amount of cobalt to ofiset positive hardenability effect. I have found that these two elements in substantially equal ranges are essential and within the specified range of carbon content, make possible an improved alloy of low hardenability and permit additions of the other listed elements within maximums set forth without spoiling its improved characteristics and while making possible additional improved characteristics. For optimum results, the tungsten and cobalt will be in substantially equal proportions, see for example, the alloy of Table I. Vanadium insures toughness without adversely effecting hardenability and although not essential, it appears to aid the cobalt in offsetting the strong positive hardenability effect of metals such as molybdenum, manganese, etc. In my alloy, for optimum results the amount of tungsten will be at least equal to the sum of the total amounts of the elements manganese, chromium, and molybdenum.
What I claim is:
1. A ferrous-base alloy which contains about .50 to 1.50% carbon, about .50 to 5.00% tungsten, about .50 to 5.00% cobalt, the remainder iron; the tungsten and cobalt being essential within equal ranges and the alloy being characterized by its low hardenability with its improved impact wear resistance, and by its extremely long life.
2. A ferrous-base alloy which contains tungsten and negative-hardenability-imparting cobalt, each in substantially equal proportions and each being essential within the same range of about .50 to 5.00%, about 0.50 to 1.50% carbon, the remainder iron; the alloy being characterized by its low hardenability with an improved impact wear resistance, and by its extremely long'life.
3. A ferrous-base alloy which consists essentially 01 about .50 to 1.50% carbon, about .50 to 5.00% each of tungsten and cobalt and being essential within the same range, up to about .50% each of silicon and manganese, up to about 2.00% each of chromium, vanadium, nickel and molybdenum, and the remainder iron; the alloy being characterized by its low hardenability with an improved wear resistance, and by its extremely long life.
4. A ferrous-base alloy which consists essentially of about .50 to 1.50% carbon, about .50 to 5.00% each of tungsten and cobalt in substantially equal proportions and being essential within the same range, up to about .50% each of silicon and manganese, up to about 2.00% each of chromium, vanadium, nickel and molybdenum, and the remainder iron; the alloy being characterized by its low hardenability with an improved wear resistance, and by its extremely long life.
5. A ferrous-base alloy which consists essentially of about .50 to 1.50% carbon, about .50 to 5.00% each of tungsten and cobalt in substantially equal proportions and being essential within the same range, up to about .50% each of silicon and manganese, up to about 2.00% each of chromium, vanadium, nickel and molybdenum, the tungsten being in a minimum amount of the total amount of the manganese, chromium, and molybdenum, and the remainder iron; the alloy being characterized by its low hardenability with an improved impact wear resistance, and by its extremely long life.
6. A ferrous-base alloy which consists essentiallyof 1.00% carbon, about 20% manganese, about .16% silicon, about 30% chromium, about 1.75% tungsten, about .10% vanadium, about 1.74% cobalt, about .12% molybdenum, about .15% nickel, and the remainder iron; the alloy being characterized by its relative low hardenability with its improved impact wear resistance, and by its extremely long life; the alloy having a hardness of about Rockwell C or better and a Shepherd PF hardenability of about 5/32.
LE ROY EDWARD GIPPERT.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
FOREIGN PATENTS
Claims (1)
1. A FERROUS-BASE ALLOY WHICH CONTAINS ABOUT .50 TO 1.50% CARBON, ABOUT .50 TO 5.00% TUNGSTEN, ABOUT .50 TO 5.00% COBALT, THE REMAINDER IRON; THE TUNGSTEN AND COBALT BEING ESSENTIALLY WITHIN EQUAL RANGE AND THE ALLOY BEING CHARACTERIZED BY ITS LOW HARDENABILITY WITH ITS IMPROVED IMPACT WEAR RESISTANCE, AND BY ITS EXTREMELY LONG LIFE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US137287A US2562543A (en) | 1950-01-06 | 1950-01-06 | Shock resistant alloy steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US137287A US2562543A (en) | 1950-01-06 | 1950-01-06 | Shock resistant alloy steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2562543A true US2562543A (en) | 1951-07-31 |
Family
ID=22476665
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US137287A Expired - Lifetime US2562543A (en) | 1950-01-06 | 1950-01-06 | Shock resistant alloy steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2562543A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2907651A (en) * | 1954-09-21 | 1959-10-06 | Reading Anthracite Company | Process for the economic utilization of waste carbonaceous material of fuel ashes, and the resulting products |
| US3198182A (en) * | 1962-08-17 | 1965-08-03 | Gen Motors Corp | Valve lifter |
| US3255513A (en) * | 1962-08-17 | 1966-06-14 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of making a valve lifiter |
| US3259488A (en) * | 1960-03-31 | 1966-07-05 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Nitride-bearing low carbon ductile steels |
| US3507711A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1970-04-21 | United States Steel Corp | High-strength steel and novel wire product |
| US3519499A (en) * | 1966-04-19 | 1970-07-07 | Finkl & Sons Co | Heat treated forging die having a low alloy content |
| US3530703A (en) * | 1966-06-10 | 1970-09-29 | Kanto Special Steel Works Ltd | Quench hardened roll of forged steel containing cobalt |
| US3793691A (en) * | 1971-09-02 | 1974-02-26 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Thermal and abrasion resistant sintered alloy |
| US3795961A (en) * | 1971-09-02 | 1974-03-12 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Thermal and abrasion resistant sintered alloy |
| US3837816A (en) * | 1972-09-05 | 1974-09-24 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Thermal and abrasion resistant sintered alloy |
| US3928025A (en) * | 1973-11-28 | 1975-12-23 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Tool steel for hot working |
| US3982907A (en) * | 1972-03-30 | 1976-09-28 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Heat and wear resistant sintered alloy |
| US11707818B2 (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2023-07-25 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Two-piece hammer for impact tool |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE130686C (en) * | 1901-07-29 | |||
| GB397079A (en) * | 1932-05-26 | 1933-08-17 | Krupp Ag | Improvements in armour plate |
| DE655414C (en) * | 1932-05-27 | 1938-01-17 | Fried Krupp Akt Ges | Armor plate hardened on one side with particularly high bullet resistance |
| DE658634C (en) * | 1930-12-22 | 1938-04-06 | Oesterreichische Schmidtstahlw | Hot work tools and machine parts exposed to high temperatures |
-
1950
- 1950-01-06 US US137287A patent/US2562543A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE130686C (en) * | 1901-07-29 | |||
| DE658634C (en) * | 1930-12-22 | 1938-04-06 | Oesterreichische Schmidtstahlw | Hot work tools and machine parts exposed to high temperatures |
| GB397079A (en) * | 1932-05-26 | 1933-08-17 | Krupp Ag | Improvements in armour plate |
| DE655414C (en) * | 1932-05-27 | 1938-01-17 | Fried Krupp Akt Ges | Armor plate hardened on one side with particularly high bullet resistance |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2907651A (en) * | 1954-09-21 | 1959-10-06 | Reading Anthracite Company | Process for the economic utilization of waste carbonaceous material of fuel ashes, and the resulting products |
| US3259488A (en) * | 1960-03-31 | 1966-07-05 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Nitride-bearing low carbon ductile steels |
| US3198182A (en) * | 1962-08-17 | 1965-08-03 | Gen Motors Corp | Valve lifter |
| US3255513A (en) * | 1962-08-17 | 1966-06-14 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of making a valve lifiter |
| US3519499A (en) * | 1966-04-19 | 1970-07-07 | Finkl & Sons Co | Heat treated forging die having a low alloy content |
| US3530703A (en) * | 1966-06-10 | 1970-09-29 | Kanto Special Steel Works Ltd | Quench hardened roll of forged steel containing cobalt |
| US3507711A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1970-04-21 | United States Steel Corp | High-strength steel and novel wire product |
| US3793691A (en) * | 1971-09-02 | 1974-02-26 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Thermal and abrasion resistant sintered alloy |
| US3795961A (en) * | 1971-09-02 | 1974-03-12 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Thermal and abrasion resistant sintered alloy |
| US3982907A (en) * | 1972-03-30 | 1976-09-28 | Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Heat and wear resistant sintered alloy |
| US3837816A (en) * | 1972-09-05 | 1974-09-24 | Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd | Thermal and abrasion resistant sintered alloy |
| US3928025A (en) * | 1973-11-28 | 1975-12-23 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Tool steel for hot working |
| US11707818B2 (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2023-07-25 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Two-piece hammer for impact tool |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2562543A (en) | Shock resistant alloy steel | |
| US2532117A (en) | Nickel steel alloys | |
| US2791500A (en) | High strength aircraft landing gear steel alloy elements | |
| EP3293280A1 (en) | High strength special steel | |
| US2711959A (en) | Welding steel for developing high surface hardness under impact | |
| US2289449A (en) | Die steel for hot working | |
| US3424576A (en) | Free machining steels | |
| US2753260A (en) | High silicon-carbon tool steel | |
| US2996376A (en) | Low alloy steel having high hardness at elevated temperatures | |
| US2708159A (en) | Heat treated, hardened alloy steel elements | |
| US2147119A (en) | Alloy compositions | |
| US2081394A (en) | Weld rod | |
| JP6537342B2 (en) | High-speed nitrided powder tool steel with excellent hardness, toughness and wear resistance | |
| US2384565A (en) | Alloy steel and articles | |
| US1998957A (en) | Ferrous alloy | |
| US2575217A (en) | Ferrous alloys and abrasive-resistant articles made therefrom | |
| US2280796A (en) | Phosphorus titanium steel | |
| US2250505A (en) | Alloy steel | |
| JPS58117863A (en) | High speed tool steel with high wear resistance and toughness | |
| US2185616A (en) | High-speed steel | |
| CN111254364A (en) | Alloy steel with high strength and high wear resistance | |
| US2395687A (en) | Alloy steel | |
| US1919211A (en) | Alloy steel | |
| US2198476A (en) | Alloy compositions and articles made therefrom | |
| SU1188221A1 (en) | Steel |