US2547250A - Hand loom - Google Patents

Description

April 3, 1951 Y lv. c. BENNETT 2,547,250

HAND-LOOM Filed April 28, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 x ln q en 'In l IN VEN TOR. wim mw 5 WA/arr 52W/J A April 3, 1951 v. c. BENNETT 2,547,250

HAND-LOOM Filed April 28, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 April 3, 1951 c. BENNETT 2,547,250

HAND-Loom Filed April 28, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 V A 7 TURA/5 Y Patented Apr. 3, `1951 UNITED STATES iiENT OFFICE HAND LOOM Vesta Conn Bennett, Northport, N. Y.

Application April 28, 194'?, Serial No. 744,375

Y (ol. 139-34) i 3 Claims, l

Tiflis: invention relates to improvements in looms and more particularlyr to that class known as hand-looms.

VOne objectof this invention is to provide a neat, simple .and inexpensive hand-loom which can be utilized for making rugs, afghans, mats or other articles.

A further object of this invention is to provide a convenient device for weaving by hand whereby a 4fabric may be produced without mechanical means for moving or reciprocating the heddles.

A further object of this invention is to provide a hand loom having a hand operated heddle or"k very simple construction which may be operatedA to depress alternate pairs of warp threads below the normal plane oi' the warp threads for forming the shed below the normal plane of the threads.

Another object of this invention comprises a new method of hand weaving in which the user strings the warpl thread on a hand loom to form a square and then weaves the weft thread through each pair of warp threads, a row of cloth or nap ties are then affixed to the warp paired threads and the weft thread is again woven i throughthe warp and pushed up tightly to bind against the cloth or nap ties, this is repeated until the square formed by the frame and the warp thread is covered with woven weft thread and tied naps.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a convenient device for a hand tied nap rug with a woven base that will not unravel and in which the nap will not pull out.

A further object of this invention is to provide l a convenient device for rapid hand tying of a' nap on a woven base inserting the hand tying in rows on the warp threads in pairs and tightly binding each row as it is completed.

'Another object of this invention is to provide a convenient device on which the warp may be set up for weaving and on which a predetermined design may be laid out on the warp threads so that variations in color of the nap may be easily Y Fig. 3 is an elevational view of one part of the heddle,

Fig. 4 is an elevational view of the other part of the heddle,

Fig. 5 is a partial plan view illustrating the start of the weaving operation,

Fig. 6 is a plan view illustrating the method of tying the nap between each pair of weft threads,

Fig. 7 is a perspective View of the hand-loom in which a plurality of rows of tied nap have been aixed and compressed into their nished relationship, and d Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a single bar hedu Referring to Fig. l there is illustrated a frame Il] that may be formed in a single U-shaped member Il or may be comprised of three members to form a head portion I 2 and two side supporting members I4 and I5. At the opposite end or" members I4 and i5 there are provided two slots Iand I1. An end bar I8 of approximately the same dimensions as the end member i2 will be mounted across the members I4, I5 and may be affixed in position by a pair of bolts 2Q, 2l and may be securely mounted by thread wing nuts mounted on the bolts 23 and 2|. A center cross bar 23 is provided and is likewise affixed to the members I4, I5 by a pair of bolts 24, 25, likewise threaded to receive wing nuts to permit securing the bar 23 to the arms I I5. The end member I2 is provided with a plurality of equally spaced L-shaped hook members 3%). The end member I8 is likewise provided with a similar number of equally spaced curved hook members 3! andthe cross bar 23 is provided with a plurality of equally spaced pins 32. Of course, the width of the members I2, I8 and 23 will determine the number of hooks 3D, 3| and pins 32 to be utilized, but in each use of the frame there shall be an equal number of pins used on members I2, F8 and 23. The member 23 is utilized in the position illuswhen the Stringing operation is completed the ,Y member 23 is removed by detaching the bolts 2li and 25 and the member 23 is then inverted and positioned as illustrated in Fig. 2 over a pair of apertures 34, 35 and the bolts 25, 25 again inserted therethrough to retain member 23 in thenew pon sition.

Referring to Fig. 2, member I 2 is provided with a pair of outs 36, 3'! in which a pair of eye screws 38, 39 are mounted and member 23 is also provided with a pair of eye screws 43B, 4E. There are a pair of rods 42, i3 of appropriate length mounted so that rod i2 passes through the eye bolts 38, and rod 43 passes through eye bolts 39, 4I. The rods 42, may be locked in position by a pair oi end pins 55, i5 mounted in member I2. Further apparatus necessary to construct an article on the hand-loom illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, comprise a shuttle needle 'I and weight 43, Figs. 5 and '7, and a pair of wire heddles 43 and 50, Figs. 3 and 4. Another form of heddle 5I is illustratedin Fig. 8. When the heddle 5I is utilized it will be mounted similar to either member d3 or 50 that is, the eye screws at each end of the heddle 5I are used to support the heddle on rods 42 and 43 and thus the heddle may be used as a pusher bar.

Referring to Fig. 2, the manner of mounting the heddles 59, will be apparent. (In this case al.- ternate groups of four threads have the wire loop 45 passed over them, likewise the remaining groups of four threads each have the wire loop 5passed over them.)

Referring to Fig. l, the manner or utilizing this device may be followed by tying the end of a warp thread 53 to the rst hook 35 of the head member I2. The thread 53 is passed around the first pin 32 of the member 25 and brought back and around the second pin 32 of the member 23 and thusv repeated until the thread reaches the last hook 30 oi member I2, where it may 'be tied. In order that the warp thread may be retained as described, a second thread 5d is tied to a rst hook 3l oi the member i8 and passed through the loop of the thread 53 about the ilrst pin 32 of membei1y 23 and back around the second hook 3f. of member I5 and back through the loop in thread 53' step is to mount rods 52, is by passing rod A12 through eye screws 35, 55 and rod i3 through eye screws 39, lil and locking them with the pins i3d, t5. Pins dfi and i5 must be mounted through apertures in the end of rods i2 and 33. These pins may be similar to a cotterpin acting as a stop Vto prevent the rods from pulling out of the eyescrews 38 and d. A pair of. heddles d5, 55 are next positioned, as illustrated in Fig. 2. In this particular application the heddles have been formed, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, to segregate groupings or" four strings. This is to allow the warp threads to be depressed in groups of four during the weaving ofthe woor or weft thread. It will be noticed that for each group of threads that the member 49 may be threaded under the member 55 will be threaded over the same group and vice versa, the threads that i5 are threaded over member 50. will be threaded under. either. 59 or 55, the heddle will depress alternate groups or threads to permit weaving the weftv therethrough and members 53 and 55 are used alternately to form each shed of the weft thread. The manner of securing the ends of members i9 and 55 may be accomplished in various manners,`

ever, when a different type heddle is used, or inl the event the end'loops of the heddles fifi, 55 are Thus, by depressingv too stiff to spring into place then rods 42, 43 may be removed and passed through these end loops to hold heddles 69, 50 in their respective positions. The heddles 49, 5D in use also assist the rods 42, 43 by stifening them and preventing bowing.

It is to be noted that thread 53, Fig. 1, is provided with a long loose end 55. This end is tied to the Weight 55. The opposite end 56 of the threadY 53 may be threaded. through. the eye of the needle l and be connected to a ball of thread 57. The device is now ready for its weaving operation. Referring to Fig. 5, with the needle 41 threaded the thread 55 becomes the weft thread. The needle is passed over rod 42 and over the rst four threads, then under the next four threads and so on. When the weft thread reaches the rod 43, the weight 45 and thread 55 is passed through the loop in the weft thread, this acts as a retention warp for the ends of the weft threads. The weft thread is again Woven through the Warp threads butthe groups of four threads thatV it passed over are now passed under and vice versa for each al'- ternate group as is the practise in weaving (the weavingA may be about pairs of threads but the groups of four provide a stiier backing for a rugf). Each time the weft thread passes over orv under rod 33 the Weight B is passed through the loop of the weit thread and allowed to hang over the side thus the weft thread is pulled tightly to give a retaining warp for the edge of the woven material. Pulling the weit thread too tightly would bow the rodsv 42, 43. During this weaving operation a pair of heddles 49, 50 may be usedA to assist forming the shed and thus provide a quick and easy operation with the needles?. Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, it is easy to follow the effect of depressing either i3 or 55 if we assume all threads 53 are in the same horizontal plane. Whenl 49 is depressed` the threads 53 over which it passes will be depressed below all other threads and' thus provide a sufficient spacing between two layers of threads to pass the needle 4l and its attached pair of weft threads 55. Likewise, on the nextl operation by depressing 5i! the threads 53 over which it passes will be depressed and the weaving operation of the needle 4l and threads 56 may be repeated. Each subsequent weaving operation requires the depression of the heddles t9- 50 in alternate steps.

Referring to Fig. 6, we may note that after each weaving operation withv the needle t?, theoperator stops and hand ties a plurality of short strips of cloth, wool yarn, or other suitable material. The pairs of warp thread 53 were utilized in this gure as the means of supporting the ties, however, diierent groupings may be utilized. After one row of hand tied nap has been applied the operator shoulduse the heddle 59,` 55 to provide a shedY and weave the. next row (pair) of weft threads 5.5 therethrough. The heddle may then` be used as a pusher applyingV its flat face to force the weit threads 55 to bear tightlyv against thev base. of the tied nap. The operation may be continued as illustrated in Fig. 7 until the weft. threads reach the loop ends 55 in the warp thread 53 at which time the square of rug or similar article is ready to be removed. Before completingA the weaving Voperation the warp threads may become very tight but the cross member I3 may be'. moved up slightly by loosening the wing nuts of bolts 25, 2i and moving themibrward in the slotsl I5, I'I (Fig. l) when enough slack is obtained the' wing nuts are. again tightened to hold member I8 steady for subsequent weaving.

The heddle 5I (Fig. 8) may be used instead of 5 the heddles 68, 59, but it will provide a shed for one grouping only and the alternate weft threads must be woven in place by the needle. The heddle 5| does provide a good pusher or beater member for pushing the weft threads into a good tight relationship.

Before removing the finished square from the frame a retention warp 5! (which may be a length of thread frein the ball 57) must be passed through the loops 56 of the warp 53. The thread 54 may then. be untied and pulled out, also rods ft2, 43 may be withdrawn and the square of material can lifted from the L-shaped hooks 3l?. The end of thread 5S is cut, although a short length is left, also retention warp 6l has two loose ends and the weighted thread 55 is out leaving a loose end, before cutting thread 55 it should pulled tightly to make the material edge straight and even. All ol these loose ends may be woven into the rug base to provide a neat nished square. A. plurality of these finished squares are joined by interlacing the edges of the woven base in a zigzag Weave thus making a rug or covering of any desired size.

It is to be noted that when a plurality of squares are joined with the zigzag Weave the Whole rug will have 'equal strength. The method of hand tying permits many variations in color and design, also the length of ties or nap may be varied without departing from the spirit of this invention. The hand tying of nap with closely bound weit produces an even nish in which the base or joining seams cannot show through. One Way or utilizing this device where a desired design is to be followed is to transfer the design f to the warp threads before weaving and hand tying.

Having described the apparatus for making a woven article and themethod of utilizing this apparatus, the 'invention includes all modincations and changes that may be apparent without departing from the spirit of this invention and the invention shall be limited only by the appended claims.

What is claimed is: v

1. A portable hand-loom comprising a U- shaped frame with an adjustable end bar secured to the open end of the U-shaped frame, a cross bar that may be attached mid-way between the two ends of the frame, a series of hooks on the top face of the base of the U-shaped frame, a similar series of hooks on the top face of the end bar and a series of pins of equal. number to those on the base of the U-shaped frame on the top face of the cross bar, a warp thread between the hooks on the base member of said U-shaped frame and the pins on the cross bar, a warp retainingthread between the end loops of the warp thread on the cross bar and the hooks on the end bar.

2. In a device according to claim l. in which said crossbar is positioned in a reversed relationship adjacent to the end bar, a pair of guide rods supported between the base member of said U- shaped frame and the inverted crossbar and positioned at either side of said frame, a retention warp and Weight, means to string said weight and retention Warp through each end loop of the weft threads adjacent to one of said guide rods with said retention Warp in a parallel relationship to said guide rod.

3. A portable hand loom comprising a rectangular shaped frame, a removable crossbar that may be attached midway between the two ends of the frame, a series of warp retaining pins on the top face of each end member of the frame, a similar series of pins on the top face of the crossbar, a Warp thread between the pins on the one end of the frame and the pins on the erossbar, a Warp retaining thread between the end loops of the Warp thread on the crossbar and the pins on the opposite end of said frame.

VESTA CONN BENNETT.

CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

Images