US2534160A - Oil burner with radial fuel nozzles - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 12,1950 A. CLARKSON v 6 on. BURNER WITH RADIAL FUEL NOZZLES Filed 'Nov. 28, 1947 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 W N x W m L INVENTOR.

A. CLARKSON OIL BURNER WITH RADIAL FUEL NOZZLES 2- Sheets-Sheet 2 Dec. 12,1950

Filed Nov. 28, 1947 Patented Dec. 12, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE OIL BURNER WITH RADIAL FUEL NOZZLES Alick Clarkson, Itasca, Ill.,- assignor of one-half to Vapor Heating. Corporation, Chicago, 111., a corporation .of Delaware Application November 28, 1947, Serial No. 788,483

9 Claims.

Thisinvention relates-to certain new and useful improvements inoil burners of the general class-disclosed in my Patent 2,445;302, granted July 13, 1948,- on my co-pending' application Serial No. 515,555, filed December 24, 1943, and in tially 'on 1ines'2 2 ofFig. l and also showing my Patent 2,398,883; granted April 23; 1946; on parts of the retort broken away. applicationSerial No; 525,207. In my patents Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view illusaboveidentified, a retort for vaporizinga liquid tratin'g the manner in which the flame turns upfuelis-positioned abovea burner member so" as Wardlyto direct'its heat upwardly along the walls to'be heated by the flamesfronr the burner. of the retort during lowflame operation of the In-thepresent improvement; a retort in which burner: a liquid fuel is vaporized is'similarly located Fig. 4 'isa fragmentary view, in side elevation, above a burner so as; to be heated by the flames illustrating theeccentric position of one fuel noztherefrom, but the present invention distinguishes zle" in an orifice through which combustion air is from said prior'inventions invariousways and delivered into the combustion chamber. particularly by the provision of an improved The oil burner of the present invention is suitarrangement of' burner nozzles. able foruse in many situations. However, for the One of the principal objects of the present inpurpose of illustrating one situation in which it venti'on isto provide a liquid fuel burner of the may be usedthe' burner as shown herein is enabove-g'eneral character in which the burner 'noz closed in the lower portion of an ordinary heater zles thereof are so arranged as to provide imcasing. The heater casing is composed of a base proved heating of the retortmemberboth"dur= structure laia'central section It, and an upper ing high and low flame operation of 'the'burner; section llwhich'may be removably connected in In this connection the invention contemplates, as any suitable manner; one-specific arrangement for accomplishing the The upper'marginal portion of the intermediabove object, positioning the nozzles-so that they ate section I! is formed with'an' inwardly pressed extend radially outwardlyiromthe burner struc corrugation i 3 whichserves as a supportior a ture with the discharge orifices of each nozzle fire potlt and thesaid upper section iZ'of the being positioned eccentric toan airsupply orifice heater. The'fire potis preferably of cylindrical surrounding thenozzle. With this'arrangement configuration'andis spaced from the intermedithehorizontal position of thefuel nozzles pro-- ate 'sectionl so as to provide a cooling air space J'ectstheflames outwardlyfrom-the burner durlii'betweenthern. The bottom portion is of the ingthehigh flame operation thereof, when higher fire pot is 'provided'with a central opening ii and velocityair is used, and therefore avoids overthe portion"intermediate thesaid central open heating theretort during such high flame oper- 5 ingand the side wall of the pot is bowed downati'one Due to the eccentric arrangement of the wardly to providea circular trough is which is luel nozzles in the air passages, a larger volume concentric with the axis of the'central opening ll; of air is delivered into the combustion chamber The burner structure is designated generally at the lower'portion ofthenozzles than is delivby the reference numeral is and is supported cred above the nozzles. Consequently there is 40 from-the-b'ottom of the base structure is bymeans greater: air pressure beneath the flames. This of a'central support 2G. The burner structureexfeature, however, is particularly advantageous tendsupwardlyinto the'fire potthrough the during the low'fl'am'e operationof th'e.burner,- central-opening ll inthe bottom 5- thereof. sincezthe f1ame,.inv such case is normally a small The said burner structure comprises a casting-'2! conet-like cap which burns at a short distance having afuel distributing chamber 22' whichaway;from the'fuel' nozzle. The larger volumeof chamber communicates-with aseries ofradially air, therefore, functions tobend. the lowflarne arranged discharge nozzles A ring member upwardlyaround the retort so. as toutilizethe 24 seated onthe top of thecasting provides an full heating effect of thelow flames. upwardly cone-shaped flange which partially Anotherobje'ct'of the invention is to provide closesthe upper end of the distributing chamber various improved arrangements and construc- 22. A.hood..member 23a, the upper portion of tions for improving-the distribution of auxiliary which has conical. side walls 232), fits over the air and to provide improved and simplified means upper :portion of .the casting 2! and ring. 24 ato forpreheating the burnerstructure. forma cl'osed'lvaporizing chamber 25'. The lower. The invention is illustrated in the accompany! portionzofthehoodis in. the form of acylindrical.

ing drawings wherein:

2 Fig.1 is a vertical section through'the lower portion of 'a heater casing showing an oil" burner of the present invention positionedtherein.

Fig. .2'is' a sectional plan view taken substanapron 25 which fits over the outer edges of the nozzle is substantially less than the area of the said space beneath the nozzle, whereby a larger volume of combustion air is supplied to the flame at a location beneath each burner nozzle than is supplied at the top thereof. The burner casting fl is secured to the support 28 by means of a bolt 3t threaded into a central opening of the casting. The hood 23a is retained in position by means of a bolt 3! which extends through a removable cap 32 of the hood and into the central threaded opening of the casting 2i.

Liquid fuel is delivered in controlled amounts through a delivery pipe 32 which directs the fuel into a downwardly inclined passage 33 leading into the vaporizing chamber 26. The bottom wall of the inclined passage is preferably provided with a retarding surface 34 which receives the liquid fuel delivered and prevents the drops or beads of liquid from dancing about on the heated surface. The retarding surface 34 is preferably in the form of a screen positioned on the bottom surface of the inclined passage 33 so as to form a series of pockets which tend to retain small pools of the liquid fuel. The volume of liquid fuel supplied may be controlled by means of a hand valve 35 or by means of any of the various automatic controls now known. A baffle 3% extends upwardly from the inner edge of the ring member 24 at a location opposite the entrance of the inclined passage 33 into the vaporizing chamber 26. The upper end of the inclined passage 33 is open to the atmosphere, by virtue of openings 33a leading into an air chamber 48, so that a small quantity of air may flow into the vaporizing chamber 26 and mix with the vaporized fuel to provide a rich gaseous mixture. The amount of air entering the vaporizer is determined by a flange member 36a secured in the upper end of the passage 33.

When starting the burner, the liquid fuel delivered into the vaporizing chamber 26 will fiow along the horizontal portion of the ring 24 to a down spout 38. At this point the liquid passes through the spout into a circular groove 39 formed in the bottom portion of the burner casting 2E and thence through a second down spout it to an asbestos mat 4| secured to the floor portion of the base it. A flow controlling strip E2 is supported on the central support member 21! and extends upwardly and then downwardly. The strip 62 receives the liquid fuel discharged from the spout ill and directs it onto the asbestos mat ll without undue splashing. A normally closed door 43 is formed in the base It through which a torch may be extended to ignite the fuel saturated mat ll. This fuel when ignited serves to heat the bottom wall it of the fire pot. The heat will also pass through the several orifices 29 and through elongated passages 44 formed in the lower edge of the apron of the hood to heat the walls 232) of the vaporizing chamber 28. When these walls become sufficiently hot to vaporize the liquid fuel, the fuel vapor mixes with the small volume of air entering the vaporizing chamber through passage 33 to form a rich gaseous mixture. This rich mixture passes downwardly through the central opening 21 in the ring 24 into the distributing chamber 22 of the burner and is discharged through the radially disposed nozzles 23 into the combustion chamber 45 of the fire pot l4. As the temperature of the burner and vaporizing chamber increases, all of the liquid fuel delivered into the vaporizing chamber will be vaporized and the pilot flame will burn itself out for the want of additional fuel. It will be seen, therefore, that the operation of the burner will go from the preheating stage into the normal operating stage automatically. The combustion air passes from the air chamber 4% beneath the fire pot i l through the orifices 29 surrounding the several fuel nozzles and through the elongated passages 44, preferably in the form of recesses in the lower edge of the apron 25. The circular trough l8 formed in the bottom portion E6 of the fire pot provides adequate space beneath the nozzles 23 for the expansion of the combustion air and also provides a cone-shaped surface ll leading upwardly along the bottom of the fire pot to the eccentric passages 29 and to the elongated passages 44. The said bottom wall of the fire pot, therefore, serves to preheat the combustion air introduced into the fire pot. A portion of the air from the chamber 56 passes upwardly in the passage I5 between the wall of the fire pot and the outer wall of the heater casing. This air serves to prevent overheating of the fire pot and provides secondary combustion air which enters the fire pot through openings 19 in the side wall near the upper edge thereof.

The arrangement of the fuel nozzles in a position eccentric to the axis of the circular air openings 29 provides for a greater supply of combustion air around the lower portion of the fuel nozzles 23 than is supplied around the upper portion thereof. This larger volume of combustion air therefore serves to turn the flame upwardly and inwardly along the outer surfaces of the hood 23a defining the outer wall of the vaporizing chamber 26. The eccentric arrangement of the fuel nozzles 23 relative to the air delivery openings 29 is especially important for low flame operation of the burner. During such operation the supply of fuel is normally such as to provide only a flame cap 56 such as illustrated in Fig. 3. Such fiame cap and likewise the normal heating fiame burns a short distance away from the edge of the nozzle 23. The portion of the flame cap 50 near the lower portion of the nozzle, being subjected to greater air force, will burn at a greater distance from the nozzle than at the upper portion thereof, but there is no danger of blowing the flame out, since the rate of propagation of the flame along the upper portion of the fuel nozzle, where it is supplied with a smaller volume of combustion air, is substantially slower than the rate of propagation along the lower portion of the nozzle. The fiame, during the low flame operation, can be maintained very small without danger of going out and at the same time direct the heat from the small fiame upwardly around the vaporizing chamber substantially as shown in Fig. 3. In this figure of the drawing the flame cap is indicated by the numeral 50 and the path of the hot products of combustion is shown at iii. The numeral 52 indicates the inner sheet of combustion air which enters through the restricted space above one of the nozzles 23 and 53 indicates the larger amount of air which enters through the passage 29 at a location below the flame.

I claim:

1. In apparatus: for burning gaseous fuel, means defining acombustion chamber, a burner element positioned in: the combustion chamber and-providedwith a plurality' of'nozzles for delivering gaseous fuel into said chamber and arranged with their long axes radiating from a common vertical axis, means defining separate air passages surrounding the discharge ends of the several fuel nozzles for admitting into the combustion chamber streams of air in the form of envelopessurrounding the several streams of gaseous fuel discharged from the nozzles; each of the said air passages being arranged in avertically eccentric position relative-to the discharge end of its associated nozzle and with the greatest spacing between the nozzle and the walls of the air passage being located beneath the nozzle, whereby the volumeof air supplied to the lower portion of the gaseous stream discharged from said nozzle is greater than the volume of air supplied to the upper portion thereof and thereby turns the flame upwardly.

Z. In apparatus for burning gaseous fuel, means defining a combustion chamber having side and bottom walls, a burner element positioned in the combustion chamber and provided with a plurality of radially disposed horizontal nozzles for delivering gaseous fuel into said chamber, means defining separate air passages surrounding the discharge ends of the several fuel nozzles for admitting into the'combustion chamber streams of air in the form of envelopes surrounding the several streams of gaseous fuel discharged from the nozzles; each of the said air passages being arranged in a vertically eccentric position relative to the discharge end of its associated nozzle and with the greatest spacing between the nozzle andthe walls of the air passage being located beneath the nozzle, whereby a volume of air substantially larger than the volume introduced above the gaseous stream is introduced into the combustion chamber between the stream of gaseous fuel and the bottom and side walls of thecorn'bustion chamber so as to turn the stream of gaseous fuel upwardly and provide a blanket of air between the ignited fuel and the side walls of thecombustion chamber.

3. In apparatus for burning gaseous fuel,

means defining a combustion chamber, a burner 3 element positioned in the combustion chamber and provided with a plurality of radially disposed horizontal nozzles for delivering gaseous fuel into said chamber, means for supplying said nozzles with gaseous fuel comprising a retort positioned above the burner element so as to be heated by the flames therefrom, and means for supplying air to said fuel streams in the form of envelopes surrounding the separate streams of to support combustion and for turning the flames of the ignited fuel upwardly around the walls of saidretort comprising a vertical plate formed with openings therein arranged adjacent the ends of the nozzles with the horizontal axes of the openings positioned below the horizontal axes of the said nozzles, whereby the amount of air admitted through the lower portion of said passages into the combustion chamber beneath the stream of gaseous fuel is greater than the amount introduced into the chamber above said gaseous streams and thereby turns the flames upwardly around the retort.

4. In apparatus for burning gaseous fuel, means defining a combustion chamber having side and bottom walls, a burner element positioned in thechamber near the bottomwall and provided with a plurality of radially disposed horizontal nozzles for delivering streams of gaseous fuel into-said chamber, means for supplying said nozzles withgaseous'fuel comprising a retort positioned above the burner element soas to be heated by theflames therefrom and having direct-communication with the burner element, means for delivering into theretort acontrolled volume of liquid fuel and a quantity of air insuflicient to support combustion, whereby the fuel is vaporized and mixed with saidair to provide a rich gaseous mixture, and means for supplying. air to said streams of gaseous fuel in the form of envelopes surrounding the separate streams of gaseous fuel to support combustion and for turning thefiames of the ignited fuel upwardly around the walls of said'retort comprising a vertical plate formed with openings therein arranged adjacent-the end of the nozzles with the horizontal axes of the openings positioned below the horizontal axes of said nozzles, whereby a larger volume of air is introduced into the combustion chamber between the streams of fuel and the bottom wall of the combustion chamber than is introduced above said streams.

5. A liquid fuel burnercomprising, in combination, means defining an" air sup-ply chamber, means defining a combustion chamber located in the air supply chamber and having side and bottom walls spaced from the side and bottom walls of the air supply chamber and also having openings defining air passages leading from the air sup-ply chamber into the combustion chamber, a combined retort and burner structure extending into the combustion chamber through an air passage opening in the bottom wall of the combustion chamber, said burner structure including a burner element having a chambered body and a plurality of radially disposed horizontal nozzles extending outwardly from said body-for directing streams of gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber, a retort positioned above the burner element to be heated thereby and adapted to receive and vaporize a quantity of liquid fuel to provide said gaseous fuel, and means for restricting the passage of air through the opening in the bottom wall ofthe combustion chamber comprising a vertical wall extending. around the burner structure and having its lower edge recessed at spaced locations and seated on said bottom wall of the combustion chamber, the said vertical wall beingalso formed with openings therein defining separate air passages surrounding the discharge ends of the several nozzles, each of said air passages being arranged in a vertically eccentric position relative to its associated nozzle with the horizontal axes of said opening below the axes of its associated nozzle so that a larger volume of air is introducedinto the combustion chamber through the lower portions of said openings than through the upper portions thereof.

6. A liquid fuel burner comprising, in combination, means defining an air supply chamber, means defining a combustion chamber located in the air supply chamber and having side and bottom walls spaced from the side and bottom walls of the air supply chamber and also having openings through the side walls of the combustion chamber near the upper edge thereof and a central opening in the bottom wall defining air passages leading from the air supply chamber into the combustion chamber, a combined retort and burner structure extending into the combustion chamber through an air passage opening in the bottom wall of the combustion chamber, said burner structure including a burner element having a chambered body and a plurality of nozzles arranged to radiate from a common vertical axis and extending outwardly from said body for directing streams of gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber, a retort positioned above the burner element to be heated thereby and adapted to receive and vaporize a quantity of liquid fuel to provide said gaseous fuel, and means for restricting the passage of air through the opening in the bottom wall of the combustion chamber comprising a vertical wall extending around the burner structure and having its lower edge recessed at spaced locations and seated on said bottom wall of the combustion chamber, the said vertical wall being also formed with openings therein defining separate air passages surrounding the discharge ends of the several nozzles, each of said air passages being arranged in a vertically eccentric position relative to its associated nozzle with the horizontal axes of said opening being arranged below the axes of its associated nozzle so that a larger volume of air is introduced into the combustion chamber through the lower portions of said openings than through the upper portions thereof.

7. A liquid fuel burner comprising, in combination, means defining an air supply chamber, means defining a combustion chamber located in the air supply chamber and having side and bottom walls spaced from the side and bottom walls of the air supply chamber and also having openings through the side walls of the combustion chamber near the upper edge thereof and a central opening in the bottom wall defining an air passage leading from the air supply chamber into the combustion chamber, a burner structure extending into the combustion chamber through said central opening in said bottom wall and provided with a plurality of radially disposed nozzles for directing streams of gaseous fuel into said combustion chamber, and means for restricting the passage of air through said central opening in said bottom wall of the combustion chamber comprising a vertical wall extending around the burner structure and seated on said bottom wall of the combustion chamber, the said vertical wall being formed with openings therein, each opening defining an air passage of the desired area surrounding the discharge orifice of a nozzle.

8. A liquid fuel burner comprising, in combination, means defining an air supply chamber, means comprising side and vertical walls defining a combustion chamber, means defining a central air passage leading from the air supply chamber into the combustion chamber, a burner structure extending into the combustion chamber through said central air passage and comprising a burner element having a plurality of radially extending fuel discharge nozzles and a retort positioned above said burner element to be heated thereby and adapted to receive and vaporize a quantity of liquid fuel to provide said gaseous fuel, and means for restricting the passage of air through saidcentral air passage into the combustion chamber comprising a hood element for the retort formed with a vertical wall extending downwardly from said retort and around the burner element and seated on the bottom wall of the combustion chamber adjacent said central opening, there being air openings in said vertical wall surrounding the discharge end of each of said nozzles to admit into the combustion chamber streams of air in the form of envelopes surrounding the streams of gaseous fuel discharged from said nozzles.

9. A liquid fuel burner comprising, in combination, means defining a combustion chamber having side and bottom walls and formed in said bottom wall with an opening defining a central air passage, a burner structure extending into said combustion chamber through said central air passage and including a burner element having a chambered body and nozzle means for directing gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber and a retort positioned above the burner element to be heated thereby and adapted to receive and vaporize a quantity of liquid fuel to provide said gaseous fuel, and means for pre heating portions of the combustion chamber and burner structure comprising an absorbent body positioned below the bottom wall of said combustion chamber, and means for delivering a controlled volume of liquid fuel into said retort, and means for directing said liquid fuel from said retort into the chambered body of the burner element and thereafter to said absorbent body, whereby the combustion of the fuel received by said absorbent body from the chambered body of the burner element applies heat to the walls of the combustion chamber, the burner element and the retort, and whereby the heating of the retort vaporizes the liquid fuel therein and thereby interrupts the delivery of liquid fuel into said chambered body of the burner and to said absorbent body.

ALICK CLARKSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS I Number Name Date 545,644 Huber Sept. 1'7, 1895 811,429 McKnight Jan. 30, 1906 1,011,456 Ludlow Dec. 12, 1911 1,282,998 Walker Oct. 29, 1918 1,364,678 Barnes Jan. i, 1921 1,529,885 Handley et al. Mar. 1'7, 1925 2,367,938 Martin Jan. 9, l945 2,398,883 Clarkson Apr. 23, 1945 2,409,981 Livar Oct. 22, 1946 2,445,302 Clarkson July 13, 1948

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