US2480166A - Resistor for thermogauges - Google Patents

Resistor for thermogauges Download PDF

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Publication number
US2480166A
US2480166A US571812A US57181245A US2480166A US 2480166 A US2480166 A US 2480166A US 571812 A US571812 A US 571812A US 57181245 A US57181245 A US 57181245A US 2480166 A US2480166 A US 2480166A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
resistor
glass
composition
temperature
oxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US571812A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schwartzwalder Karl
Alexander S Rulka
Robert W Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motors Liquidation Co
Original Assignee
Motors Liquidation Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
Priority to US571812A priority Critical patent/US2480166A/en
Priority to GB34662/45A priority patent/GB605386A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2480166A publication Critical patent/US2480166A/en
Priority to DEG1954U priority patent/DE1656716U/de
Priority to DEG4106A priority patent/DE871178C/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/022—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient mainly consisting of non-metallic substances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/042—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of inorganic non-metallic substances
    • H01C7/043—Oxides or oxidic compounds
    • H01C7/046—Iron oxides or ferrites

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a thermogauge or temperature indicator and more particularly to the composition and manufacture of an improved resistor which varies in resistance or electric conductivity with temperature changes to operate an indicating instrument such as a differential galvanometer.
  • the unit I6 includes an adapter shell 28 which is threaded into an opening in a Wall of the engine head il and supports an inwardly extending metal sleeve 30 having a closed inner end 32 and an open outer end with a flange 34 to engage the shell 28.
  • the resistor 36 which may be in the form of a rod cooling system of the internal combustion enl0 having flattened sides as shown in Figure 3, is gine of an automotive vehicle, it will be apparent mounted within the Sleeve 30 with e Spring 38 that the resistor is adapted for use in other engaging the outer end of the resistor and holdtypes of temperature indicator systems or any ing the inner end of the resistor in contact with electrical circuits wherein a predetermined varithe sleeve end 32.
  • both the spring 33 and Sides ation in electricl conductivity is desired in re- 0f the leSiStOr 35 are insulated IOm iShe Sleeve sponse to temperature changes, by means of insulation 40 such as sh paper.
  • the re The spring 38 is interposed between the outer sistor is in the nature of a ceramic oxide which end 0f the resistor 3s and the inner nd 0f a may be composed primarily of magnete and contact stud 42 which is threaded at its outer ferrie oxide in combination with glass phase that 20 end to recewe securing means such as the nuts acts as a med bond M for the end of the conductor I8.
  • the stud The preferred composition With certain modi- 42 1s Insulated from trae dapter she? 28 md cations thereof and the method of manufacturle ange 34 of 'SI.eEVe y means o .was ers and 48 of Bakelite or similar insulating mateing the resistor to he described hereinafter have n 1 d l.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing 4,) shell 30 to the resistor 3s which, as will be dethe mounting of the resistor of the present inscribed hereinafter, has the characteristic of vention.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective View of the resistor. in temperature, and the differential galvanome- Referring ISii t0 Figure 1, there has been ter 20 will be calibrated, as known in the art, shown a part of a conventional automotive vehito indicate the temperature of the water cooling cle including the usual body 4 with the windsystem in response to the amount of current flow. shield 6, the hood 8, and the instrument panel Referring now to the composition of the relil.
  • the engine block l2 is provided with the sistor 3E and the manufacture thereof which isY head it in which is installed a thermostatic unit the subject matter of the present invention
  • the llt for mounting the resistor of the present invenresistor consists generally of a ceramic oxide comtion which is connected by the conductor I8 posed primarily of magnetite and ferrie oxide in' to a temperature indicator 20 such as a differcombination with glass phase that acts as a red ential galvanometer of known type Which'may bond.
  • composition which has been found to be connected in accordance with conventional be most suitable for the use described hereabove practice through the ignition switch 22 to the 55 consists of approximately 71.1% of magnetite (FeJOt), 8.9% of ferric oxide (FezOs), 10% borosilicate glass, and 10% magnesium borate glass. ⁇
  • the borosilicate glass may be that known as Pyrex and the magnesium borate glass may be made from. 95% B20: and 5% MgO, but it should be understood that the glasses can vary considerably in composition and the invention is not limited to use of these particular compositions.
  • the preferred composition specified above can be varied as to both glass content and magnetite and ferric oxide contents. Addition of other metallic oxides such as chrome oxide, manganese oxide, nickel oxide, etc., have been made but for the present purpose, the above composition has thus far been the most suitable. In all cases some glass as a bond has been found to be desirable.
  • the constituents are first milled together for about one' half hour, preferably in a porcelain lined mill with porcelain balls. Then about 8% of a binder such as Dritcx, which is a hydrogenated oil, is added and the mixture ground for about fifteen minutes.
  • Dritcx which is a hydrogenated oil
  • the mixture is then removed from the mill, admixed with water, and granulated through a 20-mesh screen. It is dried in a steam drier and preferably again granulated through a further screen such as 14-mesh since when passed through the .20-mesh screen in a Wet condition the length of some parts may be greater than 20- mesh and the mixture also swells to some extent after being pressed through this first screen.
  • the granulated mixture is then pressed in metal dies into the desired shape and form, such as the rod of Figure 3, and placed in a furnace at a temperature of about 700 F. for thirty minutes to burn out the Dritex. It has been found desirable to put the formed rods into stainless steel trays covered with calcined alumina during this heating operation and the alumina cleaned from the rod surface after cooling. The rods are then heated in a nitrogen atmosphere to about 1600 F. in a continuous belt type furnace on a forty-three minute cycle to melt the glasses and bond the materials together.
  • the ends of the rods are coated with copper, as indicated at 56 in Figure 3, in any known manner such as by spraying, and the resistance checked at 200 F.
  • the rods may then be copper sprayed or coated in some other known manner to give the resistance desired for the particular application.
  • the resistor is formed into a strong, hard and relatively nonporous rod about one inch long and one-quarter inch in diameter which has the following properties.
  • resistivity at 25 C. is approximately 27 ohm-cm and its temperature coeicient of resistance is 3% per degree centigrade. This low resistivity minimizes self-heating and allows the resistor to carry higher currents without excessive self-heating.
  • the resistor is chemically stable and unaffected by contact with ethylene glycol, alcohol, oil or grease. It is slightly soluble in water and must be protected when used under conditions of vhigh humidity or where there is danger of contact with Water or steam. For applications, however, where it is not feasible or desirable to avoid contact with water it appears from preliminary experiments that the eliminaoxide, 10%
  • tion of the magnesium borate glass and use of only Pyrex as the glass phase in our composition may provide a resistor whose stability is not affected by humidity.
  • the electro-resistive effect is almost entirely absent in this resistor over the range of voltages encountered in practice, and for the range relevant to the present application, such as from 4 to 24 volts the change of resistance with voltage is negligible.
  • the electrical conductivity also exhibits no directional effects in the range of voltages and currents encountered in practice and the resistor may be used in D. C. or A. C. circuits interchangeably without special precautions because of volume rectification effects. Since the resistor is formed in a slightly oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature much higher than that encountered over its operating range, it is electrically stable and requires no pre-aging or protection from direct contact with air or other oxidizing atmospheres.
  • a thermally sensitive resistor consisting of approximately 70% magnetite, 10% ferric oxide, and the remainder glass phase.
  • a thermally sensitive resistor consisting of approximately 70% magnetite, 10% ferrie oxide, and a glass bond consisting of approximately equal amounts of borosilicate glass and magnesium borate glass.
  • a thermally sensitive resistor consisting of a bonded mixture of 71.1% magnetite, 8.9% ferric borosilicate glass and 10% magnesium borate glass.
  • a thermally sensitive resistor comprising a glass bonded composition consisting of at least about 70% magnetite with a glass phase including magnesium borate glass.
  • a thermally sensitive resistor comprising a glass bonded composition having a substantially uniform temperature coefficient of resistance consisting of at least about 70% magnetite with a glass phase including borate glass.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
US571812A 1945-01-08 1945-01-08 Resistor for thermogauges Expired - Lifetime US2480166A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US571812A US2480166A (en) 1945-01-08 1945-01-08 Resistor for thermogauges
GB34662/45A GB605386A (en) 1945-01-08 1945-12-21 Improved thermo-sensitive resistor
DEG1954U DE1656716U (de) 1945-01-08 1950-09-30 Temperaturabhaengiger widerstand.
DEG4106A DE871178C (de) 1945-01-08 1950-10-01 Temperaturabhaengiger Widerstand

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US571812A US2480166A (en) 1945-01-08 1945-01-08 Resistor for thermogauges

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2480166A true US2480166A (en) 1949-08-30

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ID=24285168

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US571812A Expired - Lifetime US2480166A (en) 1945-01-08 1945-01-08 Resistor for thermogauges

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2480166A (de)
DE (2) DE1656716U (de)
GB (1) GB605386A (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2583178A (en) * 1948-10-21 1952-01-22 Honeywell Regulator Co Refrigeration control apparatus
US2627570A (en) * 1950-01-06 1953-02-03 Gen Electric Thermosensitive resistance element containing eutectic mixtures
US2786819A (en) * 1955-11-17 1957-03-26 Gen Motors Corp Resistor
US2806005A (en) * 1951-09-28 1957-09-10 Bendix Aviat Corp Spark gap semi-conductors
US2851639A (en) * 1952-03-27 1958-09-09 Mosaic Tile Company Electrically-conductive ceramic floortile units and floors composed of such conductive units
US2856368A (en) * 1954-10-26 1958-10-14 Specialties Dev Corp Resistance material for fire detector element
US2861961A (en) * 1957-07-24 1958-11-25 Bendix Aviat Corp Spark gap semi-conductor
US2864773A (en) * 1954-01-26 1958-12-16 Gen Motors Corp Semi-conductor composition
US2890429A (en) * 1955-10-11 1959-06-09 King Sceley Corp Electrical temperature sensing device
US2891914A (en) * 1955-12-27 1959-06-23 Globe Union Inc Fired electrical resistor comprising molybdenum disilicide and borosilicate glass frit
US3307929A (en) * 1963-06-28 1967-03-07 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing glass
US5430427A (en) * 1993-01-22 1995-07-04 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated NTC sensor rod for glass cooktops

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE967383C (de) * 1950-12-10 1957-11-07 N S F Nuernberger Schraubenfab Halbleiterwiderstand mit ferromagnetischen Eigenschaften
DE1033915B (de) * 1952-04-28 1958-07-10 Ingbuero Weisheit & Co Vorrichtung zur Messung und Regelung physikalischer Groessen und Zustaende in fluiden Medien mit beheizten Widerstandsthermometern
NL188842B (nl) * 1953-07-03 Rengo Co Ltd Inrichting voor het automatisch aanbrengen van een rol van weefselmateriaal op een fabrieksrolstandaard.
DE102010023240B4 (de) 2010-06-09 2013-02-28 Pierburg Gmbh Anordnung eines NTC-Widerstandes in einem Elektromagneten

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US860997A (en) * 1900-12-28 1907-07-23 Gen Electric Lightning-arrester.
US2027413A (en) * 1933-01-31 1936-01-14 Mallory & Co Inc P R Method of making electrical resistance elements
US2106578A (en) * 1936-05-04 1938-01-25 Gen Motors Corp Sealing composition, method of using same, and articles made therewith
US2152286A (en) * 1936-11-04 1939-03-28 Smit & Willem & Co Nv Welding rod
CH231335A (de) * 1941-01-10 1944-03-15 Biefeld Karl Unmetallische elektrische Widerstandsmasse.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US860997A (en) * 1900-12-28 1907-07-23 Gen Electric Lightning-arrester.
US2027413A (en) * 1933-01-31 1936-01-14 Mallory & Co Inc P R Method of making electrical resistance elements
US2106578A (en) * 1936-05-04 1938-01-25 Gen Motors Corp Sealing composition, method of using same, and articles made therewith
US2152286A (en) * 1936-11-04 1939-03-28 Smit & Willem & Co Nv Welding rod
CH231335A (de) * 1941-01-10 1944-03-15 Biefeld Karl Unmetallische elektrische Widerstandsmasse.

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2583178A (en) * 1948-10-21 1952-01-22 Honeywell Regulator Co Refrigeration control apparatus
US2627570A (en) * 1950-01-06 1953-02-03 Gen Electric Thermosensitive resistance element containing eutectic mixtures
US2806005A (en) * 1951-09-28 1957-09-10 Bendix Aviat Corp Spark gap semi-conductors
US2851639A (en) * 1952-03-27 1958-09-09 Mosaic Tile Company Electrically-conductive ceramic floortile units and floors composed of such conductive units
US2864773A (en) * 1954-01-26 1958-12-16 Gen Motors Corp Semi-conductor composition
US2856368A (en) * 1954-10-26 1958-10-14 Specialties Dev Corp Resistance material for fire detector element
US2890429A (en) * 1955-10-11 1959-06-09 King Sceley Corp Electrical temperature sensing device
US2786819A (en) * 1955-11-17 1957-03-26 Gen Motors Corp Resistor
US2891914A (en) * 1955-12-27 1959-06-23 Globe Union Inc Fired electrical resistor comprising molybdenum disilicide and borosilicate glass frit
US2861961A (en) * 1957-07-24 1958-11-25 Bendix Aviat Corp Spark gap semi-conductor
US3307929A (en) * 1963-06-28 1967-03-07 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing glass
US5430427A (en) * 1993-01-22 1995-07-04 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated NTC sensor rod for glass cooktops

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE871178C (de) 1953-03-19
DE1656716U (de) 1953-06-03
GB605386A (en) 1948-07-22

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