US2478133A - Propagation of radio waves through a tunnel - Google Patents

Propagation of radio waves through a tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
US2478133A
US2478133A US687479A US68747946A US2478133A US 2478133 A US2478133 A US 2478133A US 687479 A US687479 A US 687479A US 68747946 A US68747946 A US 68747946A US 2478133 A US2478133 A US 2478133A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tunnel
antenna
conductor
radio waves
propagation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US687479A
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English (en)
Inventor
John P Shanklin
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to FR959929D priority Critical patent/FR959929A/fr
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US687479A priority patent/US2478133A/en
Priority to GB15989/47A priority patent/GB641474A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2478133A publication Critical patent/US2478133A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3225—Cooperation with the rails or the road
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/08—Microstrips; Strip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
    • H01Q1/46—Electric supply lines or communication lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems

Definitions

  • FIG.1 J. P. SHANKLIN PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES THROUGH A TUNNEL Filed July 31, 1946 FIG.1
  • Claim. 1 This invention relates to a method and means for propagating radio waves through constricted natural or man-made passageways, such, for eX- ample, as a railway tunnel.
  • Fig. l is a cross sectional view of a pair of parallel conductors constituting a balanced transmission line, showing a representation of the electrostatic field existing between them;
  • Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view, in cross section, of a portion of a tunnel wall and of a railway communication type antenna, together with propagation means embodying the invention, and;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a railway tunnel composed of the parallel wires [2. lie in a plane indicated by the reference charentrance,showing the termination structure of Va wave-propagation means embodying the inven- 'tion.
  • the objects-and advantages of the invention are attained by suspending a metallic ground plane structure below the ceiling of the tunnel to shield the transmitted wave from the tunnel wall material and mounting below, in parallelism with the ground plane, an insulated conductor which, with the ground plane structure, form a transmission line.
  • Fig 1 a diagram illustrating the development of a transmission line of the type contemplated by the invention.
  • Thelines c represent'the electrostatic lines of force constituting the field about the two'conductors. spaced from the plane b by a distancee.
  • Each of the conductors is Fig. 2 illustrates the employment of such an unbalanced transmission line'in accordance with the invention.
  • a metallic ground'plane structure Suspended below the ceiling-l6 of the tunnel is a metallic ground'plane structure These wires acter b, which may be considered asthe equivalent-oftheground plane'bofFig. 1.
  • a conductor H Suspended below the ground plane structure and in parallelism with the plane I), in the location corresponding to the conductor III of Fig. 1, is a conductor H).
  • the conductor I0 i insulated from the ground plane structure and the walls of the tunnel.
  • the ground plane construction comprising the wires [2 simulates a sheet of conducting material and acts as a shield to prevent the absorption of the radiated wave by the material of the tunnel wall.
  • Each of the wires l2 defines a plane with the conductor Ill, the planes so defined being angularly separated by equal angles. This particular feature is not essential but makes for economy of wire use for optimum shielding results. To obtain effective shielding the ratio d/e should be 2 or greater where d is the distance from the center to the edge of the array of wires 12, and e is the distance between the conductor l0 and the plane 12 containing the conductors l2.
  • Fig. 2 also illustrates the positional relationship between the unbalanced transmission line structure just described and a train-borne antenna [3 of a type used in railway communication service.
  • the antenna [3 comprises a feed line [1 of the coaxial type, the inner conductor terminating in its upper portion in a quarter-wave length vertical member I5 and the outer conductor terminating in its upper portion in a ground plane of quarter-wave radius.
  • the antenna l3 will move along the length of the unbalanced transmission line with the member 15 positioned directly below the conductor l0 and spaced uniformly therefrom by an amount to insure satisfactory coupling therebetween, as indicated by the construction lines 0 representing the electrostatic lines of force in the field generated during transmission or reception with antenna I3.
  • Communication may be established between 'two distant points in a tunnel by the use of an antenna of the type shown at I3 in Fig. 2 at both the transmitting and receiving points. However, unless the transmission line is terminated at each 'end in its surge impedance, standing waves will be set up on the line which will result in flutter if used with a moving train.
  • Fig. 2 By terminating the transmission line at each of its ends in an antenna, communication may be scribed in Fig. 2.
  • the line is terminated in Ma directional antenna which is directed toward the track approaching the tunnel.
  • the directional antenna shown by Way of example is a 'vertically polarized rhombic antenna comprising the legs l9 and 20, the surge impedance of the antenna being made equal to that of the transmission line.
  • the rhombic antenna incorporates a resistive termination which equals its surge im- This resistance is not shown. It is which the resistance may be connected and such point is supplied in this case by a quarter-wave A imilar termination will be employed on the other end of the transmission line.
  • the system just described may be employed not 13, emerging from a tunnel l6 which is provided with an unbalanced transmission line comprising the 'wires l2 and the insulated conductor 10, as deonly in tunnels but also in cuts and cayons or wherever a point of poor communication is found to be present due to the conditions which were described above.
  • a two-wire balanced line may be used because of its cheaper construction.
  • the radiation from the upper wire will represent lost energy.
  • the direction of energy transmission may be reversed at will with equal transfer of energyin either direction.
  • Means for the propagation of radio waves along a railway tunnel, with respect to a rail mounted antenna traversing said tunnel which comprises a conductor electrically insulated with respect to said tunnel, said conductor extending through said tunnel and spaced in coupling relation to said antenna throughout its traversal of said tunnel, a ground plane structure paralleling said conductor and positioned between said conductor and the wall of said tunnel, whereby said ground plane structure shields said waves from absorption by the walls of said tunnel, said conductor and said ground plane structure constituting an unbalanced transmission line, and a termination at each end of said line, said termination having a surge impedance equal to that of said line, said termination comprising a directional antenna located outside an entrance to said tunnel, said directional antenna being directed along the track approaching said tunnel, and means terminating said antenna, said means comprising a ground plane.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
US687479A 1946-07-31 1946-07-31 Propagation of radio waves through a tunnel Expired - Lifetime US2478133A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR959929D FR959929A (xx) 1946-07-31
US687479A US2478133A (en) 1946-07-31 1946-07-31 Propagation of radio waves through a tunnel
GB15989/47A GB641474A (en) 1946-07-31 1947-06-17 Propagation of radio waves through a tunnel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US687479A US2478133A (en) 1946-07-31 1946-07-31 Propagation of radio waves through a tunnel

Publications (1)

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US2478133A true US2478133A (en) 1949-08-02

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US (1) US2478133A (xx)
FR (1) FR959929A (xx)
GB (1) GB641474A (xx)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734170A (en) * 1951-06-22 1956-02-07 Sazanl
US2980793A (en) * 1956-06-11 1961-04-18 Electronic Safety Engineering Restricted range radio transmitting system
US3290626A (en) * 1964-12-28 1966-12-06 Hafner Theodore Surface wave transmission
US3534303A (en) * 1967-04-20 1970-10-13 Theodore Hafner Surface wave transmission
US3735265A (en) * 1970-11-24 1973-05-22 Gureckis P Radio communication/control system for restricted range signaling near the earth{40 s surface
US3867710A (en) * 1960-05-02 1975-02-18 Itt Communication system
US3871302A (en) * 1973-09-26 1975-03-18 Consolidation Coal Co Trolley control system
US4001774A (en) * 1975-01-08 1977-01-04 Exxon Production Research Company Method of transmitting signals from a drill bit to the surface
US4097808A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-06-27 Marine Electric Corporation Entertainment system and method
FR2428355A1 (fr) * 1978-06-06 1980-01-04 Siemens Ag Installation d'antenne
US5230085A (en) * 1991-04-05 1993-07-20 E-Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for wireless electromagnetic communication within a contained electromagnetic field
US5297917A (en) * 1991-08-01 1994-03-29 Acb Method of acting remotely in a mine shaft, in particular in a site for deep storage of nuclear wastes
US20160345182A1 (en) * 2012-10-22 2016-11-24 Centurylink Intellectual Property Llc Optimized Distribution of Wireless Broadband in a Building

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT379470B (de) * 1979-08-24 1986-01-10 Siemens Ag Oesterreich Antenne zur funkversorgung von tunelln
DE3317869C2 (de) * 1983-05-17 1994-03-17 Lindenmeier Heinz Elektrische Leckleitung entlang einer Autostraße
DE19541650A1 (de) * 1995-11-08 1997-05-15 Siemens Ag Kabelförmige Antenne sowie Zugfernsehanlage mit einer derartigen Antenne

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1985241A (en) * 1931-07-10 1934-12-25 Daya Werner Device for removing disturbances in wireless transmission
US2201472A (en) * 1937-04-26 1940-05-21 Jewel D Browder Communication system
US2297925A (en) * 1940-04-06 1942-10-06 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2407417A (en) * 1944-12-19 1946-09-10 Farnsworth Television & Radio Communications system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1985241A (en) * 1931-07-10 1934-12-25 Daya Werner Device for removing disturbances in wireless transmission
US2201472A (en) * 1937-04-26 1940-05-21 Jewel D Browder Communication system
US2297925A (en) * 1940-04-06 1942-10-06 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2407417A (en) * 1944-12-19 1946-09-10 Farnsworth Television & Radio Communications system

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734170A (en) * 1951-06-22 1956-02-07 Sazanl
US2980793A (en) * 1956-06-11 1961-04-18 Electronic Safety Engineering Restricted range radio transmitting system
US3867710A (en) * 1960-05-02 1975-02-18 Itt Communication system
US3290626A (en) * 1964-12-28 1966-12-06 Hafner Theodore Surface wave transmission
US3534303A (en) * 1967-04-20 1970-10-13 Theodore Hafner Surface wave transmission
US3735265A (en) * 1970-11-24 1973-05-22 Gureckis P Radio communication/control system for restricted range signaling near the earth{40 s surface
US3871302A (en) * 1973-09-26 1975-03-18 Consolidation Coal Co Trolley control system
US4001774A (en) * 1975-01-08 1977-01-04 Exxon Production Research Company Method of transmitting signals from a drill bit to the surface
US4097808A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-06-27 Marine Electric Corporation Entertainment system and method
FR2428355A1 (fr) * 1978-06-06 1980-01-04 Siemens Ag Installation d'antenne
US5230085A (en) * 1991-04-05 1993-07-20 E-Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for wireless electromagnetic communication within a contained electromagnetic field
US5297917A (en) * 1991-08-01 1994-03-29 Acb Method of acting remotely in a mine shaft, in particular in a site for deep storage of nuclear wastes
US20160345182A1 (en) * 2012-10-22 2016-11-24 Centurylink Intellectual Property Llc Optimized Distribution of Wireless Broadband in a Building
US9843937B2 (en) * 2012-10-22 2017-12-12 Centurylink Intellectual Property Llc Optimized distribution of wireless broadband in a building
US10098008B2 (en) 2012-10-22 2018-10-09 Centurylink Intellectual Property Llc Optimized distribution of wireless broadband in a building

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB641474A (en) 1950-08-16
FR959929A (xx) 1950-04-07

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