US2473888A - Lead-in wire for electric lamps and similar devices - Google Patents

Lead-in wire for electric lamps and similar devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US2473888A
US2473888A US753780A US75378047A US2473888A US 2473888 A US2473888 A US 2473888A US 753780 A US753780 A US 753780A US 75378047 A US75378047 A US 75378047A US 2473888 A US2473888 A US 2473888A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
lead
wire
aluminum
nickel
wires
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US753780A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul B Jordan
Pipkin Marvin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE483040D priority Critical patent/BE483040A/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US753780A priority patent/US2473888A/en
Priority to FR967217D priority patent/FR967217A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2473888A publication Critical patent/US2473888A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/04—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer
    • C03C27/042—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
    • C03C27/046—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts of metals, metal oxides or metal salts only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • C09K11/025—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor non-luminescent particle coatings or suspension media
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
    • Y10T428/1291—Next to Co-, Cu-, or Ni-base component

Definitions

  • Our invention relates to electric lamps or similar devices comprising a sealed envelope containing a filament or other electric energy translation element mounted on lead-in wires projecting into the said envelope. More particularly, our invention relates to the compositionof such lead-in wires.
  • the aluminum surface may be provided by making the lead wires of solid aluminum, but this has certain disadvantages since aluminum wire is difiicult to work with.
  • An alternative which gives good results is to make the lead wires of another metal such as iron or deoxidized copper and provide them with a layer or coating of aluminum, for example by dipping them in, or brushing them with an aluminum paint consisting of aluminum powder suspended in a Suitable binder such as a solution of nitrocellulose in amyl acetate.
  • a Suitable binder such as a solution of nitrocellulose in amyl acetate.
  • a feature or our invention whereby these objectives are attained, is the provision of a composite lead-in wire composed of a copper core and an outer sheath or-covering of'metallic aluminum with an intervening layer of a metal which prevents alloying between the aluminum and the copper at elevated temperatures such as those 3Claims. ((31.176-126) 2 encountered during lamp making. Further features and advantages of our invention will appear from the following detailed description of species thereof.
  • Fig. 1 is an elevation of a form of gaseous electric discharge lamp embodying our invention
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale of a mount structure at each end of the lamp
  • Fig. 3 is a partially sectional elevation of a portion of an inner lead-in wire comprising the invention.
  • the lamp shown therein is generally representative of the wellknown fluorescent lamps of low pressure mercury vapor positive column type.
  • the lamp comprises an elongated tubular envelope I of glass or the like having on its interior surface a coating 2 of fluorescent material such as, for example, manganese-activated zinc beryllium silicate or ma nesium tungstate or mixtures thereof.
  • the ends of the envelope are sealed by mounts such as shown in Fig.
  • thermionic activated electrode 5 which may be a coiled or coiled-coil filament of tungsten wire coated with an electron emissive material such as one or more of the oxides of alkaline earth metals likebarium or strontium.
  • One of the stems may be provided with the usual exhaust tube 6.
  • the envelope may be filled with a rare gas at a pressure of a few millimeters, for example argon at about 2 to 5 mm. pressure, and a small amount of mercury 1.
  • Such lamps are ordinarily operated at a current density such as to result in a mercury vapor pressure of the order of magnitude of 10 microns.
  • Each of the lead-in wires 4 usually consists of three butt-welded sections, including an outer lead 8 usually of copper, a short press lead 9 consisting of a copper-sleeved nickel-iron core, and an inner lead Ill.
  • the inner leads iii are here shown as of the form disclosed and claimed in the Flaws Patent 2,312,245, which is assigned to the same assignee as the present application, wherein intermediate portions of the inner leads ID are shaped to form hooks ll clamped around the ends of the filament 5 and the extremities of the leads are bent to extend parallel to the filament to constitute anode portions l2.
  • the inner leads m are composed of a copper core l3, an outer sleeve or sheath I of metallic aluminum, and an intermediate layer l5 preferably of nickel. It has been found that if a sheath of aluminum is applied directly to the copper core the heat of stem making (i. e., sealing the leads 4, 4 into the press portion it of the stem 3) apparently causes an alloying of the copper and aluminum, which produces a lead so brittle that it breaks at the press I 6 upon bending of the leads. Examination of the broken ends shows no evidence of the original copper core. However, the presence of the intervening layer of nickel I! has been found to prevent such alloying. Although nickel is preferred for the layer l5, use may be made of other bright metals that do not oxidize readily and have a melting point above about 1000 C., such as, for example, platinum. chromium, rhubidium and zirconium.
  • the nickel may be applied as a sleeve, if desired, rather than a plating. This combination drew down very well and required no annealing until the diameter of 25 mils was reached.
  • the copper core measured 11 mils in diameter
  • the nickel coating was about 1.4 and 1.5 mils thick
  • the aluminum layer was about 5.3 and 5.8 mils thick. While the intermediate layer of nickel or other metal can be made too thin for good results it seems that it might be reduced to as low as 0.5 mil and still prove satisfactory in lamp making on high speed equipment.
  • the thickness of the aluminum outer layer is not too critical.
  • An electrical device comprising a sealed envelope, a filament therein, and lead-in wires comprising an inner portion located within said envelope and connected to said filament, said inner lead-in wires comprising a drawn composite wire consisting of a copper core and an outer layer of aluminum with an intervening layer of nickel.
  • An electrical device comprising a sealed envelope, a filament therein, and lead-in wires comprising an inner portion located within said envelope and connected to said filament, said inner lead-in wires comprising a drawn composite wire consisting oi. a copper core and an outer layer of aluminum with an intervening layer of a bright metal which is not readily oxidized and which has a melting point above about 1000 C.
  • a sectional lead-in wire for electric lamps and similar devices comprising an outer section of copper, an intermediate section adapted to seal to glass and consisting of a copper-sheathed nickel-iron core wire, and an inner section of drawn composite wire consisting of an aluminumclad copper core with an intervening layer of nickel to prevent alloying of said aluminum with said copper upon heating thereof during fabrication of the lamp.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US753780A 1947-06-10 1947-06-10 Lead-in wire for electric lamps and similar devices Expired - Lifetime US2473888A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE483040D BE483040A (ja) 1947-06-10
US753780A US2473888A (en) 1947-06-10 1947-06-10 Lead-in wire for electric lamps and similar devices
FR967217D FR967217A (fr) 1947-06-10 1948-06-04 Perfectionnements aux conducteurs d'amenée des lampes à fluorescence

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US753780A US2473888A (en) 1947-06-10 1947-06-10 Lead-in wire for electric lamps and similar devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2473888A true US2473888A (en) 1949-06-21

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ID=25032124

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US753780A Expired - Lifetime US2473888A (en) 1947-06-10 1947-06-10 Lead-in wire for electric lamps and similar devices

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2473888A (ja)
BE (1) BE483040A (ja)
FR (1) FR967217A (ja)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2752667A (en) * 1947-08-20 1956-07-03 Clevite Corp Bearings
US2763058A (en) * 1952-01-07 1956-09-18 Bohn Aluminium & Brass Corp Process of producing steel-aluminum bi-metal strip
US2837818A (en) * 1954-07-06 1958-06-10 Storchheim Samuel Method of solid state welding
US2932585A (en) * 1955-10-24 1960-04-12 Robertson Co H H Enameled aluminum products and methods of making the same
US2947069A (en) * 1956-01-12 1960-08-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Aluminum clad copper wire and process for making the same
US2970068A (en) * 1955-03-07 1961-01-31 Union Carbide Corp Method of making a composite stock
US2987816A (en) * 1956-12-10 1961-06-13 Robert A Noland Bonding aluminum metals
US3066392A (en) * 1956-06-04 1962-12-04 Crane Co Composite body of magnesium and steel
US3096577A (en) * 1956-01-12 1963-07-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of making aluminum clad copper wire
US3114087A (en) * 1960-09-26 1963-12-10 Gen Electric Terminal lead structure for electrical capacitors and method of making the same
US3530559A (en) * 1968-03-12 1970-09-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Anode electrode fabrication
US3597658A (en) * 1969-11-26 1971-08-03 Rca Corp High current semiconductor device employing a zinc-coated aluminum substrate
US3810287A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-05-14 Olin Corp Composite rod or wire
US3899708A (en) * 1974-04-10 1975-08-12 Gte Sylvania Inc Noise free incandescent lamp
US4908546A (en) * 1988-06-27 1990-03-13 Gte Products Corporation Lead-in wire for compact fluorescent lamps

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1119408B (de) * 1955-03-18 1961-12-14 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Elektrische Gluehlampe
BE558298A (ja) * 1956-06-13

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US723717A (en) * 1900-08-17 1903-03-24 Pittsburgh Reduction Company Electric conductor.
GB190710622A (en) * 1907-05-07 1908-05-07 Arthur Basil Carey Improvements in or relating to Cartridge Feeds for Fire-arms.
US1637033A (en) * 1925-06-05 1927-07-26 Gen Electric Composite electric conductor
US1724465A (en) * 1926-01-30 1929-08-13 C H F Muller Process of fusing metallic bodies to glass and the combination of metals used in said process
US1952428A (en) * 1932-08-16 1934-03-27 Albert C Forst Electrode for gaseous electrical discharge tubes
US2279907A (en) * 1940-09-12 1942-04-14 Hygrade Sylvania Corp Electric discharge lamp
US2300400A (en) * 1940-06-26 1942-11-03 Metallizing Engineering Compan Heat corrosion resistant metallic material

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US723717A (en) * 1900-08-17 1903-03-24 Pittsburgh Reduction Company Electric conductor.
GB190710622A (en) * 1907-05-07 1908-05-07 Arthur Basil Carey Improvements in or relating to Cartridge Feeds for Fire-arms.
US1637033A (en) * 1925-06-05 1927-07-26 Gen Electric Composite electric conductor
US1724465A (en) * 1926-01-30 1929-08-13 C H F Muller Process of fusing metallic bodies to glass and the combination of metals used in said process
US1952428A (en) * 1932-08-16 1934-03-27 Albert C Forst Electrode for gaseous electrical discharge tubes
US2300400A (en) * 1940-06-26 1942-11-03 Metallizing Engineering Compan Heat corrosion resistant metallic material
US2279907A (en) * 1940-09-12 1942-04-14 Hygrade Sylvania Corp Electric discharge lamp

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2752667A (en) * 1947-08-20 1956-07-03 Clevite Corp Bearings
US2763058A (en) * 1952-01-07 1956-09-18 Bohn Aluminium & Brass Corp Process of producing steel-aluminum bi-metal strip
US2837818A (en) * 1954-07-06 1958-06-10 Storchheim Samuel Method of solid state welding
US2970068A (en) * 1955-03-07 1961-01-31 Union Carbide Corp Method of making a composite stock
US2932585A (en) * 1955-10-24 1960-04-12 Robertson Co H H Enameled aluminum products and methods of making the same
US3096577A (en) * 1956-01-12 1963-07-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of making aluminum clad copper wire
US2947069A (en) * 1956-01-12 1960-08-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Aluminum clad copper wire and process for making the same
US3066392A (en) * 1956-06-04 1962-12-04 Crane Co Composite body of magnesium and steel
US2987816A (en) * 1956-12-10 1961-06-13 Robert A Noland Bonding aluminum metals
US3114087A (en) * 1960-09-26 1963-12-10 Gen Electric Terminal lead structure for electrical capacitors and method of making the same
US3530559A (en) * 1968-03-12 1970-09-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Anode electrode fabrication
US3597658A (en) * 1969-11-26 1971-08-03 Rca Corp High current semiconductor device employing a zinc-coated aluminum substrate
US3810287A (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-05-14 Olin Corp Composite rod or wire
US3899708A (en) * 1974-04-10 1975-08-12 Gte Sylvania Inc Noise free incandescent lamp
US4908546A (en) * 1988-06-27 1990-03-13 Gte Products Corporation Lead-in wire for compact fluorescent lamps

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE483040A (ja)
FR967217A (fr) 1950-10-27

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