US2473629A - Drying apparatus - Google Patents

Drying apparatus Download PDF

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US2473629A
US2473629A US563636A US56363644A US2473629A US 2473629 A US2473629 A US 2473629A US 563636 A US563636 A US 563636A US 56363644 A US56363644 A US 56363644A US 2473629 A US2473629 A US 2473629A
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cloth
web
radiant heat
drying
air
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US563636A
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Bernard R Andrews
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
    • F26B13/10—Arrangements for feeding, heating or supporting materials; Controlling movement, tension or position of materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
    • F26B3/305—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements the infrared radiation being generated by combustion or combustion gases

Definitions

  • This invention relates to drying apparatus for dryingv cloth or other material in web or sheet form, and especially to a drying apparatus in which the drying is accompanied by the combined action of radiant heat and circulating air currents.
  • the evaporation of moisture from cloth while it is being dried has the effect of reducing the temperature of the cloth so that when cloth is being dried by circulating air currents, the temperature of the cloth may be several degrees lower than the temperature of the circulating air.
  • the rapidity with which moisture can be evaporated from cloth, or in other words the rapidity with which cloth can be dried depends to a considerable extent on the temperature of the cloth, and the drying of the cloth can be speeded up by increasing its temperature.
  • a novel drying apparatus which includes means for circulating a drying current of air or other gaseous drying medium over the surface of the cloth' or other web material to be dried, in combination with means to project radiant heat on to the cloth while it is exposed to the circulating air currents, therebyto raise the temperature of the cloth and thus to speed up the drying operation.
  • One object of the invention is to provide a novel drying apparatus of this type in which radiant heat of a relatively high temperature may be used without danger of over-heating or burning the material to be dried.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a novel drying apparatus of the above type in which an open flame may be safely used to generate the radiant heat.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view through omiebof the burners of the radiant heat generating an Referring to the drawings'the web of cloth or other material to be dried is indicated at I; and it is shown as being conveyed through a drying space 2 in which the drying is done, said drying space 2 being defined by an upper wall 3 and a lower wall 4, but being open at the ends for the introduction and discharge of the web material and'also being open, at the sides.
  • the walls 3, 4 are both provided with transversely extending nozzles l9, each nozzle having a delivery slot 2
  • Means are provided for delivering air (preferably heated air) under pressure through these nozzles and the nozzles are preferably so arranged and designed that the sheet-like jetof air 2
  • air preferably heated air
  • the nozzles are preferably so arranged and designed that the sheet-like jetof air 2
  • each sheet-like jet of air under more or less high pressure impinges against the cloth it is divided into two branch currents 22 (see Fig. 3), which flow over the surface of the cloth in opposite directions lengthwise thereof from the point where the Jet 2
  • which are directed toward each other will meet each other midway between the two nozzles and there will be formed two cyclonic currents in each space between adjacent nozzles as shown by the arrows in Fig. 3.
  • The-air in these cyclonic currents will gradually spiral outwardly and will be discharged at the open sides of the drying space 2.
  • the construction and operation of these nozzles is similar to that shown in my Patent No. 2,071,015,
  • blower or fan 28 so that when the fan is in operation air under pressure will be delivered through the duct 25 to the chambers 23, 26, and thus to the nozzles l9.
  • These chambers 23, 24 and the duct 25 and blower 26 are shown as enclosed in a suitable housing 21, which will preferably have walls of insulating material.
  • the air which has been discharged from the nozzles l9 and has been moved across the surfaces of the web I will be discharged into the space between the chambers 23, 24 and the housing 21.
  • the inlet of the blower 2! is open to this space so that there will be a re-circulation of the air.
  • the blower is shown as being operated by a motor 31 through suitable driving connections 32. Any suitable heating means, indicated at 28, may be employed for heating the re-circulating air. 30 indicate vents to permit the escape of moistureladen air.
  • each radiant heat generating unit 5 extends transversely of the cloth so that during the traveling movement of the web i any portion thereof moves past the radiant heat generators successively. Any desired number of these heat generating units may be used, and in the construction shown one such unit is located between each two adjacent nozzles 19.
  • each unit which extends transversely of the web is made up of a plurality of separate burner elements arranged in a row, each burner element having associated therewith a body of refractory material, such as fire clay, which is heated by the burner and which generates the radiant heat.
  • Each burner element is shown as including a cylindrical body member Ii of firebrick or some other refractory material which has its axis at right angles to the web, and which is formed in the face thereof that is directed toward the web with an annular depression or groove l5 having a concave wall.
  • a duct I Extending axially through each body member 6 is a duct I which communicates with a supply pipe 8 and which leads to the burner 9 that is located centrally of the body member 6 at the face thereof that is directed toward the web I.
  • the duct 1 is constituted by the bore of a tubular member I extending axially through the member 6 and having an enlarged end at said face of the body member and also having a bridge piece I I that carries a cap l2 which is formed with a skirt portion that is directed rearwardly toward the body 6 and forms with the enlarged end of the tubular member l0 an annular burner slot I3.
  • the cap member I2 is shown as mounted on a stud 14 which is anchored in the bridge piece II.
  • the combustible mixture which is delivered through the supply pipe 8 is ignited at the burner slot l3 of each burner element and the flame from each burner slot plays into the inner edge of the annular depression I! of the corresponding body 6 of refractory material, thereby heating the latter which then generates and projects radiant heat.
  • Each radiant heat-generating unit is shown as g elements a and their associated blocks or members 6.
  • each tubular member in is provided near its upper end with a shoulder l8 engaging the top face of the member 6 while the lower end of th tubular member screws into a nipple section II which is connected to the supply pipe 8.
  • Each nipple I1 is formed with a flange l8, which is received in a recess 29 with which the body member 6 is provided on its under side and the block or member 6 is therefore clamped in position between the shoulder l6 and the flange ID.
  • the speed of such evaporation is greatly increased by the radiant heat which is projected on to the cloth and which raises its temperature to a point at which evaporation of moisture is much accelerated.
  • the rapidly moving currents 22 of air are also effective in preventing the cloth from being overheated or burned by the relatively high radiant heat.
  • a drying apparatus comprising a drying space through which a web of the material to be dried is fed, said drying space having top and bottom walls and open sides, a plurality of radiant heat generating units situated both above and below the web and adapted to project radiant heat against said web, said units being spaced from each other in the direction of feeding movement of the web material and each extending transversely across said space, and means to establish high velocity whirling cyclonic currents of air between each two adjacent radiant heat generating units which prevent the web material from being unduly heated and which also assists in the drying operation.
  • a drying apparatus comprising a drying space through which a web of the material to be dried is fed, said drying space having top and bottom walls and open sides, a plurality of radiant heat-generating units extending transversely across said chamber and spaced from each other in the direction of the feeding movement of the web, said radiant heat-generating units being situated to project radiant heat against the web, and means to establish high velocity whirling cyclonic currents of air between each two adjacent radiant heat-generating units which prevent the web material from becoming unduly heated and which also assist in the drying operation.
  • a drying apparatus comprising a drying chamber through which a web of material to be dried is fed, a plurality of radiant heat-generating units spaced from each other longitudinally of the chamber, each unit comprising a plurality of cylindrical bodies of refractory material arranged closely adjacent each other and with their axes at right angles to the web, the face of each cylindrical body that is directed toward the web having an annular depression presenting concave walls, each body having an axial opening, a tubular member in the opening of each body having an enlarged end at said face of the body and also having a bridge piece, a cap member secured to said bridge piece and provided with a peripheral annular skirt which is directed away from the web and which forms with the periphery of the enlarged portion of the tubular member an annular burner opening directed toward the annular debeing made up of a row of these individual burner 7 pression in the body and away from the web, said 5 tubular member constituting a fuel-supply duct, means to supply gaseous fuel to said duct, a nozzle clement

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

June 21, 1949. B. R. ANDREWS DRYING APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 16, 1944 June 21, 1949.
B. R. ANDREWS DRYING APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 16, 1944 Invni'or: Bewaaawd 84422018 8108 Patented June 21, 1 949 I 2,473,629- Ii UNITED STATES PATENroFFicE name Arr-Animus Bernard R Andrews, Braintree, Mass Application November is, 1944, Serial No. 563336 3 Claims. 263-3) This invention relates to drying apparatus for dryingv cloth or other material in web or sheet form, and especially to a drying apparatus in which the drying is accompanied by the combined action of radiant heat and circulating air currents.
The evaporation of moisture from cloth while it is being dried has the effect of reducing the temperature of the cloth so that when cloth is being dried by circulating air currents, the temperature of the cloth may be several degrees lower than the temperature of the circulating air. The rapidity with which moisture can be evaporated from cloth, or in other words the rapidity with which cloth can be dried, depends to a considerable extent on the temperature of the cloth, and the drying of the cloth can be speeded up by increasing its temperature.
In the present invention I have provided a novel drying apparatus which includes means for circulating a drying current of air or other gaseous drying medium over the surface of the cloth' or other web material to be dried, in combination with means to project radiant heat on to the cloth while it is exposed to the circulating air currents, therebyto raise the temperature of the cloth and thus to speed up the drying operation.
One object of the invention is to provide a novel drying apparatus of this type in which radiant heat of a relatively high temperature may be used without danger of over-heating or burning the material to be dried.
A further object of the invention is to provide a novel drying apparatus of the above type in which an open flame may be safely used to generate the radiant heat.
Further objects of the invention are to improve drying apparatus using radiant heat in the Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view through omiebof the burners of the radiant heat generating an Referring to the drawings'the web of cloth or other material to be dried is indicated at I; and it is shown as being conveyed through a drying space 2 in which the drying is done, said drying space 2 being defined by an upper wall 3 and a lower wall 4, but being open at the ends for the introduction and discharge of the web material and'also being open, at the sides. The walls 3, 4 are both provided with transversely extending nozzles l9, each nozzle having a delivery slot 2|) that extends transversely across the drying space 2. Means are provided for delivering air (preferably heated air) under pressure through these nozzles and the nozzles are preferably so arranged and designed that the sheet-like jetof air 2| which is issued from each nozzle will be directed perpendicularly against the cloth. As each sheet-like jet of air under more or less high pressure impinges against the cloth, it is divided into two branch currents 22 (see Fig. 3), which flow over the surface of the cloth in opposite directions lengthwise thereof from the point where the Jet 2| of air impinged on the cloth.
The two branch currents 22 formed from two. adjacent sheet-like jets 2| which are directed toward each other will meet each other midway between the two nozzles and there will be formed two cyclonic currents in each space between adjacent nozzles as shown by the arrows in Fig. 3. The-air in these cyclonic currents will gradually spiral outwardly and will be discharged at the open sides of the drying space 2. The construction and operation of these nozzles is similar to that shown in my Patent No. 2,071,015,
blower or fan 28, so that when the fan is in operation air under pressure will be delivered through the duct 25 to the chambers 23, 26, and thus to the nozzles l9. These chambers 23, 24 and the duct 25 and blower 26 are shown as enclosed in a suitable housing 21, which will preferably have walls of insulating material. The air which has been discharged from the nozzles l9 and has been moved across the surfaces of the web I will be discharged into the space between the chambers 23, 24 and the housing 21. The inlet of the blower 2! is open to this space so that there will be a re-circulation of the air. The blower is shown as being operated by a motor 31 through suitable driving connections 32. Any suitable heating means, indicated at 28, may be employed for heating the re-circulating air. 30 indicate vents to permit the escape of moistureladen air.
Situated at spaced positions along one or both of the walls 3 and l are a plurality of radiant heat generating units indicated generally at 5. For drying cloth, I will preferably use such radiant heat generating units both above and below the web of cloth and in the construction herein shown the radiant heat generating units 5 above the cloth I have a staggered arrangement with those below the cloth. Each radiant heat generating unit 5 extends transversely of the cloth so that during the traveling movement of the web i any portion thereof moves past the radiant heat generators successively. Any desired number of these heat generating units may be used, and in the construction shown one such unit is located between each two adjacent nozzles 19.
These radiant heat generating units may be constructed in various ways without departing from the invention. As herein shown, each unit which extends transversely of the web is made up of a plurality of separate burner elements arranged in a row, each burner element having associated therewith a body of refractory material, such as fire clay, which is heated by the burner and which generates the radiant heat.
Each burner element is shown as including a cylindrical body member Ii of firebrick or some other refractory material which has its axis at right angles to the web, and which is formed in the face thereof that is directed toward the web with an annular depression or groove l5 having a concave wall. Extending axially through each body member 6 is a duct I which communicates with a supply pipe 8 and which leads to the burner 9 that is located centrally of the body member 6 at the face thereof that is directed toward the web I. The duct 1 is constituted by the bore of a tubular member I extending axially through the member 6 and having an enlarged end at said face of the body member and also having a bridge piece I I that carries a cap l2 which is formed with a skirt portion that is directed rearwardly toward the body 6 and forms with the enlarged end of the tubular member l0 an annular burner slot I3. The cap member I2 is shown as mounted on a stud 14 which is anchored in the bridge piece II.
The combustible mixture which is delivered through the supply pipe 8 is ignited at the burner slot l3 of each burner element and the flame from each burner slot plays into the inner edge of the annular depression I! of the corresponding body 6 of refractory material, thereby heating the latter which then generates and projects radiant heat.
Each radiant heat-generating unit is shown as g elements a and their associated blocks or members 6.
These burners and their associated members 6 may be mounted directly on the supply pipe 8, and as herein shown, each tubular member in is provided near its upper end with a shoulder l8 engaging the top face of the member 6 while the lower end of th tubular member screws into a nipple section II which is connected to the supply pipe 8. Each nipple I1 is formed with a flange l8, which is received in a recess 29 with which the body member 6 is provided on its under side and the block or member 6 is therefore clamped in position between the shoulder l6 and the flange ID.
The high velocity currents 2| of heated air cause evaporation of moisture from the cloth, and
the speed of such evaporation is greatly increased by the radiant heat which is projected on to the cloth and which raises its temperature to a point at which evaporation of moisture is much accelerated. The rapidly moving currents 22 of air are also effective in preventing the cloth from being overheated or burned by the relatively high radiant heat.
I claim:
1. A drying apparatus comprising a drying space through which a web of the material to be dried is fed, said drying space having top and bottom walls and open sides, a plurality of radiant heat generating units situated both above and below the web and adapted to project radiant heat against said web, said units being spaced from each other in the direction of feeding movement of the web material and each extending transversely across said space, and means to establish high velocity whirling cyclonic currents of air between each two adjacent radiant heat generating units which prevent the web material from being unduly heated and which also assists in the drying operation.
2. A drying apparatus comprising a drying space through which a web of the material to be dried is fed, said drying space having top and bottom walls and open sides, a plurality of radiant heat-generating units extending transversely across said chamber and spaced from each other in the direction of the feeding movement of the web, said radiant heat-generating units being situated to project radiant heat against the web, and means to establish high velocity whirling cyclonic currents of air between each two adjacent radiant heat-generating units which prevent the web material from becoming unduly heated and which also assist in the drying operation.
3. A drying apparatus comprising a drying chamber through which a web of material to be dried is fed, a plurality of radiant heat-generating units spaced from each other longitudinally of the chamber, each unit comprising a plurality of cylindrical bodies of refractory material arranged closely adjacent each other and with their axes at right angles to the web, the face of each cylindrical body that is directed toward the web having an annular depression presenting concave walls, each body having an axial opening, a tubular member in the opening of each body having an enlarged end at said face of the body and also having a bridge piece, a cap member secured to said bridge piece and provided with a peripheral annular skirt which is directed away from the web and which forms with the periphery of the enlarged portion of the tubular member an annular burner opening directed toward the annular debeing made up of a row of these individual burner 7 pression in the body and away from the web, said 5 tubular member constituting a fuel-supply duct, means to supply gaseous fuel to said duct, a nozzle clement between each two adjacent radiant heatgenerating units, and means to deliver air under pressure through each nozzle element.
BERNARD R. ANDREWS.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
Number 6 UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Tensfeldt Apr. 1, 1924 Richardson Apr. 12, 1938 Hess et al Jan. 6, 1942 Hess et a1. Jan. 6, 1942 Grantham June 17, 1947
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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2603470A (en) * 1949-04-26 1952-07-15 Selas Corp Of America Method and apparatus for heating
US2668700A (en) * 1949-05-25 1954-02-09 Richard G Zimmerman Drier for printing presses
US2818660A (en) * 1954-08-24 1958-01-07 Gen Box Distributors Drier for composite paper and veneer sheet material
US2896335A (en) * 1955-07-28 1959-07-28 Dungler Julien Drying of fabrics, papers, cardboards, and other lengthy materials
US2981528A (en) * 1956-08-14 1961-04-25 Armstrong Cork Co Drying system
US3042956A (en) * 1960-04-08 1962-07-10 Dunlop Rubber Co Devices for use in the treatment of fabrics with a fluidised solid agent
US3121520A (en) * 1961-01-06 1964-02-18 Gann Machine Shop Hosiery boarding machine
DE1237943B (en) * 1961-06-06 1967-03-30 Grace W R & Co Hot air tunnel
US3340617A (en) * 1965-08-18 1967-09-12 Selas Corp Of America Web drying
US3345756A (en) * 1965-10-23 1967-10-10 Metal Tech Inc Method and apparatus for drying a wet web
US3366156A (en) * 1966-07-27 1968-01-30 Red Ray Mfg Co Inc Gas burner unit
US3370648A (en) * 1966-01-21 1968-02-27 Selas Corp Of America Jet cooling of strip metal
US3377056A (en) * 1965-09-23 1968-04-09 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Drying apparatus
US3403454A (en) * 1967-04-05 1968-10-01 White Consolidated Ind Inc Heat treating apparatus for web and sheet material
US3460265A (en) * 1967-02-14 1969-08-12 Horace L Smith Jr Methods of drying
JPS4999962A (en) * 1972-12-27 1974-09-20
US3874091A (en) * 1971-08-06 1975-04-01 Takaharu Fukumoto Printed paper drying device for offset printing
US3994073A (en) * 1975-04-08 1976-11-30 Ppg Industries, Inc. Air cooling means for UV processor
EP1174670A1 (en) * 2000-07-17 2002-01-23 WindmÀ¶ller & Hölscher Drying chamber for drying a printed web

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1488953A (en) * 1922-07-14 1924-04-01 John O Tensfeldt Drier
US2113770A (en) * 1934-03-15 1938-04-12 Steel Engravers Appliance Corp Method and apparatus for drying inked impressions
US2268986A (en) * 1938-05-03 1942-01-06 Interchem Corp Method and apparatus for drying printing ink
US2268988A (en) * 1939-08-08 1942-01-06 Interchem Corp Method and apparatus for drying printing ink
US2422481A (en) * 1943-08-12 1947-06-17 Frederick W Grantham Means for and method of applying heat to ironing machines

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1488953A (en) * 1922-07-14 1924-04-01 John O Tensfeldt Drier
US2113770A (en) * 1934-03-15 1938-04-12 Steel Engravers Appliance Corp Method and apparatus for drying inked impressions
US2268986A (en) * 1938-05-03 1942-01-06 Interchem Corp Method and apparatus for drying printing ink
US2268988A (en) * 1939-08-08 1942-01-06 Interchem Corp Method and apparatus for drying printing ink
US2422481A (en) * 1943-08-12 1947-06-17 Frederick W Grantham Means for and method of applying heat to ironing machines

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2603470A (en) * 1949-04-26 1952-07-15 Selas Corp Of America Method and apparatus for heating
US2668700A (en) * 1949-05-25 1954-02-09 Richard G Zimmerman Drier for printing presses
US2818660A (en) * 1954-08-24 1958-01-07 Gen Box Distributors Drier for composite paper and veneer sheet material
US2896335A (en) * 1955-07-28 1959-07-28 Dungler Julien Drying of fabrics, papers, cardboards, and other lengthy materials
US2981528A (en) * 1956-08-14 1961-04-25 Armstrong Cork Co Drying system
US3042956A (en) * 1960-04-08 1962-07-10 Dunlop Rubber Co Devices for use in the treatment of fabrics with a fluidised solid agent
US3121520A (en) * 1961-01-06 1964-02-18 Gann Machine Shop Hosiery boarding machine
DE1237943B (en) * 1961-06-06 1967-03-30 Grace W R & Co Hot air tunnel
US3340617A (en) * 1965-08-18 1967-09-12 Selas Corp Of America Web drying
US3377056A (en) * 1965-09-23 1968-04-09 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Drying apparatus
US3345756A (en) * 1965-10-23 1967-10-10 Metal Tech Inc Method and apparatus for drying a wet web
US3370648A (en) * 1966-01-21 1968-02-27 Selas Corp Of America Jet cooling of strip metal
US3366156A (en) * 1966-07-27 1968-01-30 Red Ray Mfg Co Inc Gas burner unit
US3460265A (en) * 1967-02-14 1969-08-12 Horace L Smith Jr Methods of drying
US3403454A (en) * 1967-04-05 1968-10-01 White Consolidated Ind Inc Heat treating apparatus for web and sheet material
US3874091A (en) * 1971-08-06 1975-04-01 Takaharu Fukumoto Printed paper drying device for offset printing
JPS4999962A (en) * 1972-12-27 1974-09-20
JPS5320951B2 (en) * 1972-12-27 1978-06-29
US3994073A (en) * 1975-04-08 1976-11-30 Ppg Industries, Inc. Air cooling means for UV processor
EP1174670A1 (en) * 2000-07-17 2002-01-23 WindmÀ¶ller & Hölscher Drying chamber for drying a printed web

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