US3447492A - Heat exchange system for heating mill air and for reheating stack gas subsequent to wet scrubbing - Google Patents

Heat exchange system for heating mill air and for reheating stack gas subsequent to wet scrubbing Download PDF

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US3447492A
US3447492A US693939A US3447492DA US3447492A US 3447492 A US3447492 A US 3447492A US 693939 A US693939 A US 693939A US 3447492D A US3447492D A US 3447492DA US 3447492 A US3447492 A US 3447492A
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heat exchanger
air
gases
temperature
reheating
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US693939A
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Herbert H Kreimann
Earl K Rickard
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
    • F23K1/04—Heating fuel prior to delivery to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F22B21/341—Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part
    • F22B21/343—Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part the vertical radiation combustion chamber being connected at its upper part to a sidewards convection chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/08—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of heaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/09—Furnace gas scrubbers

Definitions

  • the invention comprises a fossil fuel fired steam generator having a wet scrubber positioned downstream thereof for removing sulphur compounds and other impurities therefrom prior to being exhausted to the atmosphere.
  • Heat absorbed by a heat exchanger positioned upstream of the economizer in the rear gas pass of the steam generator is used to heat both mill air and the cleaned, cooled, moisture-laden gases exiting from the wet scrubber.
  • the mill pulverizes the fuel burned in the furnace of the steam generator, and also pulverizes any additive, for example dolomite, which may also be introduced into the furnace for the purpose of combining with the sulphur so as to form compounds which can be readily removed from the combustion gases by the wet scrubber.
  • FIG. 1 The figure is a schematic illustration of a steam generator and wet scrubber combination constructed in accordance with our invention.
  • numeral denotes a steam generator having a furnace 12, all four walls of which are lined with steam generating tubes 13. Fuel is supplied to the furnace through burners 14.
  • Coal to be burned in the furnace is fed to a pulverizing mill 36 by inlet line 38.
  • the coal is ground to a flour-like texture before being carried in an air stream through duct 44 to the furnace.
  • An additive for example dolomite, is fed into the mill 36 through inlet line 40.
  • the dolomite will react with the sulphur compounds under the heat of the furnace to form compounds which are more readily removed from the gas stream by the wet scrubber 28 Air is supplied to the mill through duct 42.
  • heat exchanger 46 is positioned in air duct 42. Heat exchanger 46 will heat the air to a temperature of approximately 600 R, which will result in a 200 F. temperature of the coal and air mixture leaving the mill outlet.
  • a constant speed pump 49 maintains flow through this line.
  • the gases, which leave the scrubber saturated with water, and at a very low temperature, for example F., thus absorb heat in passing through the heat exchanger 30.
  • the gases which leave the scrubber saturated with water, and at a very low temperature, for example F., thus absorb heat in passing through the heat exchanger 30.
  • the increased temperature of the gases enables them to exit from the stack at an increased velocity. Both of these factors help prevent a visible plume of the gases exiting from the top of stack 32.
  • Relatively cool liquid is returned to the heat exchanger 22 from heat exchanger 30 through line '52.
  • valve 60 Since both the humidity and temperature conditions of the atmosphere can vary considerably during the year, the temperature to which the gases exiting from the wet scrubber must be raised to prevent a visible steam plume from being seen will also vary. This temperature may vary for example, between 360 F., depending on conditions. For this reason, line 58 containing valve 60 connects the outlet of heat exchanger 22 with the inlet of heat exchanger 30.
  • An electric eye 62 or other suitable device for detecting steam plumes, is positioned at the top of stack 32. When a visible plume is detected, a signal is sent to valve 60, moving it in an opening direction. When the visible plume is no longer present, the electric eye 62 moves the valve 60 in a closing direction.
  • valve 60 remains in a closed position.
  • valve 54 is operated by temperature sensing device 56, positioned in the outlet of the pulverizing mill. When a temperature exceeding 200 F. is detected by sensor 56, valve 54 is moved in a closing direction. When a temperature below 200 F. is detected, valve 54 is moved in an opening direction.
  • each mill would have its own air supply duct corresponding to duct 42, and its own heat exchanger corresponding to 46. These heat exchangers would be in parallel flow relationship to each other and would each have their own temperature sensors 56 and control valves 54.
  • a furnace for burning coal a pulverizing mill for the coal, means for introducing air and coal to the pulverizing mill, duct means for conveying the pulverized coal gas pass connected to the furnace through which the combustion gases flow, a wet scrubber connected to the rear gas pass, where the combustion gases are cleaned and cooled, a stack connected to the wet scrubber, through which the cleaned, cooled gases are exhausted to atmosphere, a first heat exchanger positioned in the rear gas pass, for absorbing heat from the hot combustion gases, a second heat exchanger positioned upstream of the pulverizing mill for drying and heating the coal and air, the outlet of said first heat exchanger being connected to the inlet of said second heat exchanger, means for causing liquid to flow from said first heat exchanger to said second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger positioned in the stack, for heating the cleaned, cooled gases, the inlet of said third heat exchanger being connected to the outlet of said second heat exchanger, and the outlet of the third heat exchanger being connected to the
  • thermo sensing means positioned in the outlet of the pulverizing mill, first valve means for controlling the flow of liquid from the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger, said temperature sensing means being interconnected with the first valve means such that when the sensing means detects a temperature below a predetermined value, it causes the valve means to move in an to the furnace in an air stream, a rear opening direction, and when it detects a temperature above the predetermined value, it causes the valve means to move in a closing direction.
  • sensing means for detecting a steam plume issuing from the stack, means connecting the outlet of the first heat exchanger to the inlet of the third heat exchanger, second valve means for controlling flow from the first heat exchanger to the third heat exchanger, said sensing means being interconnected to the second valve means such that when the sensing means detects a steam plume, it moves the second valve means in an opening direction.
  • sensing means for detecting a steam plume issuing from the stack
  • second valve means for controlling flow from the first heat exchanger to the third heat exchanger said sensing means being interconnected to the second valve means such that when the sensing means detects a steam plume, it moves the second valve means in an opening direction.
  • the combination set forth in claim 1 including means connecting the outlet of the first heat exchanger to the inlet of the third heat exchanger, and valve means for controlling flow from the first heat exchanger to the third heat exchanger.
  • a furnace for burning sulphur containing fuel means for introducing fuel to the furnace, duct means for introducing an additive to the furnace which will react with the sulphur under furnace conditions, a pulverizing mill for pulverizing the additive, the outlet of .said pulverizing mill being connected to the duct means, means for introducing air and additive to the pulverizing mill, a rear gas pass connected to the furnace through which the combustion gases flow, a wet scrubber connected to the rear gas pass, where the gases are sprayed to remove the additive, sulphur, and other impurities from the gases, a stack connected to the wet scrubber, through which the cleaned gases are exhausted to atmosphere, a first heat exchanger positioned in therear gas pass, for absorbing heat from the hot combustion gases, a second heat exchanger positioned upstream of the pulverizing mill for drying and heating the additive and air, the outlet of said first heat exchanger being connected to the inlet of said heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger positioned in

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Description

H. H. KREIMANN ET AL 3,447,492 HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM FOR HEATING MILL AIR AND FOR REHEATING STA QUENT TO WET SCRUBBING June 3, 1969 CK GAS SUBSE Filed Dec. 27, 1967 INVENTOR. HERBERT H. KREIMAN N E N mm? A T- K M C m W L R A E United States Patent 3,447,492 HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM FOR HEATING MILL AIR AND FOR REHEATING STACK GAS SUBSE- QUENT T0 WET SCRUBBING Herbert H. Kreimanu, Rockville, and Earl K. Rickard,
East Granby, Conn., assignors to Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, Conn., a corporation of Delaware Filed Dec. 27, 1967, Ser. No. 693,939 Int. Cl. F23c 11/00; F231 15/00, 17/16 U.S. Cl. 110-1 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The combination of a steam generator and a wet scrubber positioned downstream thereof. Heat is extracted from the rear pass of the steam generator and used for heating the air going to the fuel pulverizing mill and also to heat the cleaned, cooled, moisture-laden gases leaving the wet scrubber and being exhausted to the atmosphere.
Background of the invention Summary of the invention The invention comprises a fossil fuel fired steam generator having a wet scrubber positioned downstream thereof for removing sulphur compounds and other impurities therefrom prior to being exhausted to the atmosphere. Heat absorbed by a heat exchanger positioned upstream of the economizer in the rear gas pass of the steam generator is used to heat both mill air and the cleaned, cooled, moisture-laden gases exiting from the wet scrubber. The mill pulverizes the fuel burned in the furnace of the steam generator, and also pulverizes any additive, for example dolomite, which may also be introduced into the furnace for the purpose of combining with the sulphur so as to form compounds which can be readily removed from the combustion gases by the wet scrubber.
Brief description 0] the drawing The figure is a schematic illustration of a steam generator and wet scrubber combination constructed in accordance with our invention.
Description of the preferred embodiment Looking now to the figure, numeral denotes a steam generator having a furnace 12, all four walls of which are lined with steam generating tubes 13. Fuel is supplied to the furnace through burners 14.
ing the scrubber 28 is substantially reduced. The cleaned, cooled, moisture-laden gases leaving the wet scrubber pass through heat exchanger 30 before being exhausted to the atmosphere through stack 32. Induced draft fan 34 helps maintain a good velocity to these exiting gases.
Coal to be burned in the furnace is fed to a pulverizing mill 36 by inlet line 38. The coal is ground to a flour-like texture before being carried in an air stream through duct 44 to the furnace. An additive, for example dolomite, is fed into the mill 36 through inlet line 40. The dolomite will react with the sulphur compounds under the heat of the furnace to form compounds which are more readily removed from the gas stream by the wet scrubber 28 Air is supplied to the mill through duct 42.
In order to insure that all of the moisture is evaporated from the coal, it is desirable to have the air stream carrying the coal to the furnace at an elevated temperature, for example 200 F. For this reason, heat exchanger 46 is positioned in air duct 42. Heat exchanger 46 will heat the air to a temperature of approximately 600 R, which will result in a 200 F. temperature of the coal and air mixture leaving the mill outlet.
Heated liquid flows to heat exchanger 46 from the heat exchanger 22 located in the rear gas pass of the steam generator through line 48. A constant speed pump 49 maintains flow through this line. After the water flows through heat exchanger 46, it passes through line 50 to heat exchanger 30 which is located downstream of the wet scrubber 28. The gases, which leave the scrubber saturated with water, and at a very low temperature, for example F., thus absorb heat in passing through the heat exchanger 30. Thus, by raising the temperature of these gases, not only is all of the moisture contained therein evaporated, but the increased temperature of the gases enables them to exit from the stack at an increased velocity. Both of these factors help prevent a visible plume of the gases exiting from the top of stack 32. Relatively cool liquid is returned to the heat exchanger 22 from heat exchanger 30 through line '52.
Since both the humidity and temperature conditions of the atmosphere can vary considerably during the year, the temperature to which the gases exiting from the wet scrubber must be raised to prevent a visible steam plume from being seen will also vary. This temperature may vary for example, between 360 F., depending on conditions. For this reason, line 58 containing valve 60 connects the outlet of heat exchanger 22 with the inlet of heat exchanger 30. An electric eye 62, or other suitable device for detecting steam plumes, is positioned at the top of stack 32. When a visible plume is detected, a signal is sent to valve 60, moving it in an opening direction. When the visible plume is no longer present, the electric eye 62 moves the valve 60 in a closing direction. During normal operations, when sufiicient heat is supplied to heat exchanger 30 from the heat exchanger 46, valve 60 remains in a closed position.
For the same reason of changing atmospheric conditions, the air being supplied to the pulverizing mill 36 may vary considerably in humidity and temperature. Also, the moisture contained in the coal being fed to stream leaving the mill at 200 F. is controlled by valve 54. Valve 54 is operated by temperature sensing device 56, positioned in the outlet of the pulverizing mill. When a temperature exceeding 200 F. is detected by sensor 56, valve 54 is moved in a closing direction. When a temperature below 200 F. is detected, valve 54 is moved in an opening direction.
In a large utility steam generator, a large number of coal pulverizing mills are required. Each mill would have its own air supply duct corresponding to duct 42, and its own heat exchanger corresponding to 46. These heat exchangers would be in parallel flow relationship to each other and would each have their own temperature sensors 56 and control valves 54.
Although the invention has been illustrated in conjunction with a coal fired steam generator, it would also have application on oil fired units, when the oil contains a large percentage of sulphur. Although there would be no coal to be pulverized, the dolomite would still have to be dried and ground in order to be air-fed to the furnace, and the gases leaving the wet scrubber would still have to be raised in temperature to eliminate the visible plume. A heat exchange arrangement such as 22, 46, and could be used to accomplish this on an oil fired unit also.
From the above, it can be seen that a simple and efficient heat exchange system has been provided for maintaining the fuel-air stream exiting from the pulverizing mill at a temperature of 200 F., and for also maintaining the gases exiting from the stack at a temperature where no visible steam plume can be seen. No more heat than is necessary to accomplish the above is extracted from the rear gas pass of the steam generator by heat exchanger 22. Thus the temperature of the combustion gases flowing through the air preheater 26 is maintained as high as possible during all operating conditions.
While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the invention should not be limited thereto.
What we claim is:
1. In combination, a furnace for burning coal, a pulverizing mill for the coal, means for introducing air and coal to the pulverizing mill, duct means for conveying the pulverized coal gas pass connected to the furnace through which the combustion gases flow, a wet scrubber connected to the rear gas pass, where the combustion gases are cleaned and cooled, a stack connected to the wet scrubber, through which the cleaned, cooled gases are exhausted to atmosphere, a first heat exchanger positioned in the rear gas pass, for absorbing heat from the hot combustion gases, a second heat exchanger positioned upstream of the pulverizing mill for drying and heating the coal and air, the outlet of said first heat exchanger being connected to the inlet of said second heat exchanger, means for causing liquid to flow from said first heat exchanger to said second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger positioned in the stack, for heating the cleaned, cooled gases, the inlet of said third heat exchanger being connected to the outlet of said second heat exchanger, and the outlet of the third heat exchanger being connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger.
2. The combination set forth in claim 1, including temperature sensing means positioned in the outlet of the pulverizing mill, first valve means for controlling the flow of liquid from the first heat exchanger to the second heat exchanger, said temperature sensing means being interconnected with the first valve means such that when the sensing means detects a temperature below a predetermined value, it causes the valve means to move in an to the furnace in an air stream, a rear opening direction, and when it detects a temperature above the predetermined value, it causes the valve means to move in a closing direction.
3. The combination set forth in claim 2, including sensing means for detecting a steam plume issuing from the stack, means connecting the outlet of the first heat exchanger to the inlet of the third heat exchanger, second valve means for controlling flow from the first heat exchanger to the third heat exchanger, said sensing means being interconnected to the second valve means such that when the sensing means detects a steam plume, it moves the second valve means in an opening direction. 4. The combination set forth in claim 1, including means connecting the outlet of the first heat exchanger to the inlet of the third heat exchanger, and valve means for controlling flow from the first heat exchanger to the third heat exchanger.
5. The combination set forth in claim 4, including economizer means positioned in the rear gas pass, said first heat exchanger positioned upstream of the economizer means.
6. In combination, a furnace for burning sulphur containing fuel, means for introducing fuel to the furnace, duct means for introducing an additive to the furnace which will react with the sulphur under furnace conditions, a pulverizing mill for pulverizing the additive, the outlet of .said pulverizing mill being connected to the duct means, means for introducing air and additive to the pulverizing mill, a rear gas pass connected to the furnace through which the combustion gases flow, a wet scrubber connected to the rear gas pass, where the gases are sprayed to remove the additive, sulphur, and other impurities from the gases, a stack connected to the wet scrubber, through which the cleaned gases are exhausted to atmosphere, a first heat exchanger positioned in therear gas pass, for absorbing heat from the hot combustion gases, a second heat exchanger positioned upstream of the pulverizing mill for drying and heating the additive and air, the outlet of said first heat exchanger being connected to the inlet of said heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger positioned in the stack, for heating the cleaned gases, the inlet of said third heat exchanger being connected to the outlet of said second heat exchanger, and the outlet of the third heat exchanger being connected to the inlet of the first heat exchanger.
7. The combination set forth in claim 6, including means connecting the outlet of the first heat exchanger to the inlet of the third heat exchanger, and valve means for controlling flow from the first heat exchanger to the third heat exchanger.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,148,665 9/1964 SWitZer -56 X 3,320,906 5/ 1967 Domahidy. 3,340,830 9/ 1967 Frey et a1. 11056- X JAMES W. WESTHAVER, Primary Examiner.
US. Cl. X.-R. 1108, 56.
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3839849A (en) * 1971-08-24 1974-10-08 G Maniya Wet type desulfurization system for flue gas
US4592293A (en) * 1983-11-14 1986-06-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of controlling an air heater of a coal-fired boiler
US5018457A (en) * 1989-06-16 1991-05-28 Crown Andersen, Inc. Waste treatment system
US5787821A (en) * 1996-02-13 1998-08-04 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High velocity integrated flue gas treatment scrubbing system
US20100230506A1 (en) * 2007-08-13 2010-09-16 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Machinery arrangement of a marine vessel
WO2011048520A3 (en) * 2009-10-22 2013-08-01 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation A method of increasing the performance of a carbonaceous fuel combusting boiler system
US20130239909A1 (en) * 2011-04-11 2013-09-19 Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute Arrangement structure suitable for inverted pulverized coal boiler with ultra-high steam temperature steam parameters
CN103925606A (en) * 2014-04-04 2014-07-16 西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司 High-moisture lignite medium-speed coal mill pulverizing system heating primary air through coal gas burning
US20150292807A1 (en) * 2012-10-24 2015-10-15 Maralto Environmental Technologies Ltd. Heat exchanger and method for heating a fracturing fluid
US10976050B2 (en) * 2016-12-02 2021-04-13 General Electric Technology Gmbh System and method for preheating a beater mill
WO2023107621A1 (en) * 2021-12-09 2023-06-15 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Tubular membrane mass exchanger

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148665A (en) * 1961-08-11 1964-09-15 Gilbert Associates Boiler waste heat recovery process
US3320906A (en) * 1966-04-20 1967-05-23 Combustion Eng Fuel burning process and apparatus
US3340830A (en) * 1966-05-04 1967-09-12 Combustion Eng Drying and burning pipeline coal in a heat exchange system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148665A (en) * 1961-08-11 1964-09-15 Gilbert Associates Boiler waste heat recovery process
US3320906A (en) * 1966-04-20 1967-05-23 Combustion Eng Fuel burning process and apparatus
US3340830A (en) * 1966-05-04 1967-09-12 Combustion Eng Drying and burning pipeline coal in a heat exchange system

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3839849A (en) * 1971-08-24 1974-10-08 G Maniya Wet type desulfurization system for flue gas
US4592293A (en) * 1983-11-14 1986-06-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of controlling an air heater of a coal-fired boiler
US5018457A (en) * 1989-06-16 1991-05-28 Crown Andersen, Inc. Waste treatment system
US5787821A (en) * 1996-02-13 1998-08-04 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High velocity integrated flue gas treatment scrubbing system
US5826518A (en) * 1996-02-13 1998-10-27 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High velocity integrated flue gas treatment scrubbing system
US20100230506A1 (en) * 2007-08-13 2010-09-16 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Machinery arrangement of a marine vessel
WO2011048520A3 (en) * 2009-10-22 2013-08-01 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation A method of increasing the performance of a carbonaceous fuel combusting boiler system
US20130239909A1 (en) * 2011-04-11 2013-09-19 Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute Arrangement structure suitable for inverted pulverized coal boiler with ultra-high steam temperature steam parameters
US9488370B2 (en) * 2011-04-11 2016-11-08 Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute Arrangement structure suitable for inverted pulverized coal boiler with ultra-high steam temperature steam parameters
US20150292807A1 (en) * 2012-10-24 2015-10-15 Maralto Environmental Technologies Ltd. Heat exchanger and method for heating a fracturing fluid
CN103925606A (en) * 2014-04-04 2014-07-16 西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司 High-moisture lignite medium-speed coal mill pulverizing system heating primary air through coal gas burning
US10976050B2 (en) * 2016-12-02 2021-04-13 General Electric Technology Gmbh System and method for preheating a beater mill
WO2023107621A1 (en) * 2021-12-09 2023-06-15 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Tubular membrane mass exchanger

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