US2437685A - Process and apparatus for the melt extrusion of artificial materials - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for the melt extrusion of artificial materials Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2437685A
US2437685A US522458A US52245844A US2437685A US 2437685 A US2437685 A US 2437685A US 522458 A US522458 A US 522458A US 52245844 A US52245844 A US 52245844A US 2437685 A US2437685 A US 2437685A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
composition
liquid
molten
heating
heating liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US522458A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bonard Claude
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Celanese Corp
Original Assignee
Celanese Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Celanese Corp filed Critical Celanese Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2437685A publication Critical patent/US2437685A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/04—Melting filament-forming substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/02—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by turning or jiggering in moulds or moulding surfaces on rotatable supports
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S164/00—Metal founding
    • Y10S164/07—Melt

Definitions

  • compositions when melted are apt to be very viscous unless heated to such a temperature that they are liable to decompose, and difficulty can be experienced while initiating the spinning operation in priming or filling with the molten composition the pump or like means employed for extrusion.
  • the melting of the compositions can be conveniently and efficiently effected'by immersing the composition in a liquid heating medium which thus surrounds the solid composition so that heat is applied to the whole surface thereof and rapid and complete melting of the composition is achieved.
  • the heating liquid is of lower specific gravity than the composition to be melted and extruded, this liquid can very conveniently serve for priming the pump or like extruding means, the composition to be extruded then entering the pump without difilculty.
  • the composition in the spinning or otherwise shaping by extrusion of a molten organic filament-forming composition, the composition is fed to the point from which it is extruded through a body of liquid that is inert to the composition and is maintained at a temperature sufiiciently high to melt the composition, so that the composition reaches said point in a molten condition.
  • the liquid is preferably of lower density than the composition, so that the molten composition collects below the heating liquid and can readily be drawn of! and extruded.
  • the extrusion of the molten composition can readily be initiated by allowing the heating liquid to be extruded in the first in- 2 stance, and then changing over to the extrusion of the filament-forming composition. The extrusion operation can thus be started without difliculty notwithstanding a high degree of viscosity in the molten composition.
  • the heating liquid employed should naturally be inert to the composition, 1. e. such as to have no deleterious eifect, whether by chemical or physical action, on the composition to be melted or extruded.
  • the liquid should be stable at the temperatures employed for melting the composition so that it does not decompose and give rise to products which might have an undesirable effect on the composition.
  • an organic substance which may be either liquid or solid at ordinary temperatures but is liquid at the temperature required for melting the material to be extruded. Thus, for example, where temperatures of the order of 200-300 C.
  • composition to be extruded has a specific gravity a little over unity
  • stearyl alcohol or other fatty alcohols containing at least 12 carbon atoms may be employed.
  • hydrocarbons for example aliphatic hydrocarbons containing a large number of carbon atoms, e. g. 30-40, or mixtures thereof may be used.
  • paraffin wax can be employed.
  • the heating liquid through which the composition is passed may be contained in a vessel in which provision may be made for an inert atmosphere to be maintained over the surface of the liquid, e. g. by supplying nitrogen under slight pressure to the space in the vessel above the liquid.
  • a lock or chamber may be provided through which the composition may be dropped, piece by piece, to the surface of the liquid through which it passes by gravity. on sinking through the liquid the composition, or such part of it as may still be solid, is retained by a sieve or grid below the surface of the liquid through which the composition does not pass until it is molten.
  • the molten composition On passing through the sieve or grid the molten composition forms a reservoir or pool at the bottom of the vessel from which material is drawn for the purpose of spinning or extrusion.
  • the molten composition may be extruded by means of a constant delivery pump whose inlet communicates directly with the bottom of the vessel.
  • Means may be provided to maintain the quantity of molten composition available in the melting vessel by employing the level of the heating liquid as a contrcl.
  • a float maybe provided on the surface of the heating liquid and the rise and fall of this float may make and break an electrical contact by means of which the pressure lock is operated and pieces of solid composition automatically fed through it.
  • the making or breaking of an electrical contact in this manner may serve to give a visual indication of theamount of composition available, the further supply of solid composition being controlled manually in accordance with such visual indication.
  • the apparatus is preferably arranged so that the quantity of molten composition available for extrusion at any time is a minimum consistent with the maintenance of a constant supply. In this way, the period during which the composition is exposed to the temperature necessary to melt it is further reduced.
  • the body of heating liquid should be as small as possible having regard to its function as a reservoir of heat from which heat is drawn to melt the composition employed.
  • the apparatw may be arranged so that two or more pumps may be fed from a single pool or reservoir of molten composition.
  • the heating of the heating liquid may be efiected by any convenient means according to the temperature to be maintained and other relevant considerations.
  • the vessel in which the composition is melted may be enclosed in a jacket containing a heating fluid or it may be surrounded with electrical windings.
  • the liquid heating medium may be heated in a separate vessel and circulated through the vessel in which the composition is melted or through several such vessels.
  • the whole apparatus is preferably externally lagged so as to prevent loss of heat and discomfort to the operatives.
  • Control of the heat supplied to the apparatus can be efi'ected by suitable temperature regulating means in accordance with the temperature existing within the apparatus. While it is desirable to supply heat to all parts of the apparatus containing liquid heating medium or molten composition, separate sources of heat under separate temperature controls may be employed for the difierent parts, e. g. one control for the melting vessel and its supply lock and another for the pump and the passage by which molten composition is fed to it. Again, the supply of heat to the melting vessel may be efiected by circulation of heating liquid separately heated, and controlled by controlling the circulation, while heating of the pump and the control of that heating may be eifected electrically,
  • the invention is applicable generally to the spinning or extrusion of organic filamentdorming compositions that may be spun in the molten state and is particularly advantageous where, as is commonly the case with such compositions, the compositions are liable to'decompose or be otherwise injuriously affected at temperatures not much exceeding those necessary to melt them.
  • examples of such materials are the synthetic linear superpolyamides made, e. g. by the condensation of diamines with dicarboxylic acids.
  • the invention may be applied to compositions having a basis of polyvinyl compound, e. g. polyvinylidene chloride or a copolymer of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate.
  • the invention may be applied to compositions having a basis of cellulose derivative such as an organic ester or mixed ester of cellulose, e. g. cellulose acetate,
  • the apparatus comprises in general a melt chamber I, a pump chamber 2 and a jet and filter assembly 3.
  • the melt chamber and pump chamber are formed as cavities in a large cast iron vessel 4, the pump chamber 2 being in the form oi a plain cylindrical cavity in the bottom of the vessel and the melt chamber having a cylindrical upper portion and a conical lower portion and being disposed in the upper part of the vessel.
  • the chamber I is closed by means of a heavy cover 5 held down by bolts 6 and sealed by means of a copper sealing ring I.
  • a valve rod 9 Passing through a central pressure gland 8 in the cover 5 is a valve rod 9 having a screw portion I and a hand wheel II by means of which it may be raised and lowered so that its lower end I2 may be raised from or engaged with the apex of the conical part of the chamber I, which the end of the rod 9 is formed to fit.
  • the apex of the conical part communicates by way of a passage I4 and connecting pipe I with the pump IS in the pump chamber 2, and this communication may be opened and closed by raising or lowering the valve rod 9.
  • the valve rod 9 is formed with an axial bore in which fits a further valve rod I'I passing into the valve rod 9 through a pressure gland I8 and having a screwed portion I9 and a handwheel 20, by means of which it may be raised and lowered.
  • the lower end 2I of the valve rod I1 is pointed so as to fit on a seating 22 in the bore of the valve rod 9, Just above the seating 22 openings 23 in the wall of the valve rod 9 give access between the bore of the rod 9 and the melt chamber I.
  • a sieve or grid 24 extends across the chamber I near the bottom of the cylindrical portion thereof, being provided with a collar 25 which fits loosely round the valve rod 9 and with a flange 26 which fits the cylindrical portion of the chamber I and rests on the conical portion thereof.
  • a float 21 is provided in the chamber I from which a contact rod 28 extends upwardly through a guide plug 29, the bore of which is a loose fit round the rod 28.
  • a second contact rod 30 passes through an insulating pressure gland 3I in the cover 5 so that as the float 2! rises and falls contact is made and broken between the rods 28, 30, thereby establishing or breaking an electrical connection between the wires 32, 33, connected respectively to the cover 5 and the contact rod 30.
  • the melt chamber I contains a pool of molten composition and a substantial body 35 of the liquid inert to the composition and of lower specific gravity. Pieces of solid composition 3! rest on the grid or sieve 24.
  • the solid composition is introduced into the chamber I by means of a lock generally indicated at 38 comprising two plug valves 39, 40 in series, the plugs having discs 4
  • valves 39, 40 give access to an oblique passage 44 leading through the cover 8 to the char in order to insert solid composition, the valve 89 is opened (the valve 40 being closedi and a piece of composition is dropped through the aperture :5 and is checked by the valve 40. The valve 39 is then closed and the valve-40 is opened, whereupon the piece oi composition passes through the passage 44 into the chamber l.
  • the opening of the electrical connection between wires 32 and 33 gives an indication that fresh composition is required, and the insertion of fresh composition raises the level of the liquid 38 in the chamber I so as to re-establish the contact until a further supply of fresh composition is required.
  • Heat is supplied to the melt chamber i by means of heating elements 41 supplied with current through leads 43, the heat so supplied maintaining the liquid 33 at such a temperature as to melt the solid composition 31 at the required rate.
  • the solid composition sinks through the liquid 36 and rests on the grid or sieve 24 and, when molten, passes through the grid to join the pool of molten composition 35.
  • the spinning operation is started by melting an initial charge of composition, the valve 9 being closed by means of the hand-wheel ll until a sufficient pool 35 of molten composition has accumulated. While the pool 35 is accumulating, the valve I! may be opened so that the liquid 36 may pass through the apertures 23 and through the bore of the valve rod 3 to the passage i4 and thence by way of the pipe I5 to the pump it by which it is forced through a filter 50 and let 5i.
  • valve I1 When a suificient pool of molten composition 35 has accumulated, the valve I1 is closed (it is in this position that the apparatus is shown) and the valve 8 is opened so that the molten composition passes from the pool 35 through the pump IE to the spinning jet 5
  • the action of the pump I6 is assisted by means of an atmosphere of nitrogen maintained in the chamber [above the surface of the liquid 35. This is supplied to the vessel by a supply pipe 58, and an oblique passage 53 similar in form to the passage 44 through which solid composition is supplied to the chamber. If desired the passage l4 may be connected directly to the filter and jet assembly 3, the pump 33 being omitted, and extrusion effected solely by the pressure of the atmosphere of nitrogen above the surface of the liquid 36.
  • the vessel 4 and the filter and jet assembly 3 are insulated against heat loss by means of a heavy layer 53 of a non-conducting material.
  • the space in the pump chamber 2 surrounding the pump i6 is filled with metal turnings 54 which augment the heat capacity of that part of the vessel 4 surrounding the pump chamber and help to maintain steady the temperature of the molten composition during its passage-from the pool 35 to the spinning jet 5
  • heat may be supplied to the pump chamber 2, and also if desired to the filter and jet assembly 3 by means such as electrical heating elements 55 supplied with current through leads 5.
  • Process for the extrusion of a fusible organic filament-forming composition comprising supplying fused composition to a point from which it is to be extruded by supplying solid composition to a body of heating liquid that is immiscible with and chemically inert to said comiii position, passing said composition through said body of heating liquid to said point and main taining said heating liquid at a temperature sufficiently high to melt the composition in its passage through said heating liquid, and continuously extruding the molten composition, without interruption for the supplying of said solid composition.
  • Process for the extrusion of a fusible organic filament-forming composition comprising supplying fused composition to a point from which it is to be extruded by supplying solid composition to a body of heating liquid that is immiscible with and chemically inert to said composition, passing said composition through said body of liquid to said point and maintaining said heating liquid at a temperature sufliciently high to melt the composition in its passage through said heating liquid, straining said composition in its passage through said heating liquid so as to prevent the passage of solid composition to said point and continuously extruding the molten composition, without interruption for the supplying of said solid composition.
  • Process for the extrusion of fusible organic filament-forming compositions comprising supplying fused composition to a point from which it is to be extruded by supplying solid composition from above to a body of heating liquid that is immiscible with, chemically inert to and of lower density than said composition, passing said composition downwards through said body of heating liquid to said point and maintaining said body of heating liquid at a temperature sufllciently high to melt the composition during its passage through the heating liquid, straining the composition in its passage through said heating liquid so as to prevent the passage of solid composition to said point and continuously extruding the molten composition, without interruption for the supplying of said solid composition.
  • Process for the extrusion of fusible organic filament-forming compositions comprising supplying iised composition to a point from which it is to be extruded by supplying solid composition from above to a body of heating liquid that is immiscible with, chemically inert to and of lower density than said composition, passing said composition downwards through said body of heating liquid to said point and maintaining said body of heating liquid at a temperature sufllciently high to melt the composition during its passage through the heating liquid, maintaining over the surface of said body of heating liquid a gas that is under pressure and is chemically inert to said liquid and to the composition, and continuously extruding the molten composition, without interruption for the supplying of said solid composition.
  • Process for the extrusion of fusible organic filament forming compositions comprising supplying fused composition to a point from which it is to be extruded by supplying solid composition from above to a body of heating liquid that is immiscible with, chemically inert to and of lower density than said composition, assing said composition downwards through said body of heating liquid tosaid point and maintaining said body of heating liquid at a temperature sufficiently high to melt the composition.
  • Process for the extrusion of fusible organic filament-forming compositions comprising sup plying fused composition to a point from which it is to be extruded by supplying solid composition from above to a body of heating liquid that is immiscible with, chemically inert to and of lower density than said composition, passing said composition through said body of heating liquid to said point and maintaining said body of heating li uid at a temperature sufficiently high to melt the composition during its passage through the heating liquid, continuously extruding the molten composition without interruption for the supplying of said solid composition, and controlling the feeding of said composition in accordance with the level of the surface of said body of heating liquid so as to maintain said level substantially constant.
  • Apparatus for the melting and extrusion of fusible organic filament-forming compositions comprising a melting vessel, a body of heating liquid in said vessel that is immiscible with, chemically inert to and of lower density than the composition, said vessel having a lower outlet for the withdrawal of melted composition and an upper outlet for the withdrawal of heating liquid, means for supplying gas under pressure to the top of said vessel, means for heating said body of liquid, means for feeding the composition through said liquid to said lower outlet, a perforated grid extending across'said vessel-below the liquid level therein and in the path of composition to said lower outlet, means operable from outside said vessel for closing said lower outlet to the passing of molten composition during the melting of an initial charge of composition, means for closing said upper outlet for the passing of said heating liquid while said lower outlet is open to the passing of said molten composition, and means communicating with both said outlets for withdrawing liquid material therethrough and extruding said material.
  • Process for the extrusion of fusible organic filament-forming compositions comprising supplying fused composition to a point from which it is to be extruded by feeding composition downwards to said oint through a body of molten paraflin wax, passing said composition downwards through said wax to said point and maintaining said wax at a temperature sufliciently high to melt the composition through its passage through said wax, and continuously extrudin the molten composition, without interruption for the supplying of said solid composition.
  • Process for the extrusion of fusible organic filament-forming compositions comprising supplying fused composition to a point from which it is to be extruded by feeding composition downwards to said point through a body of molten paraflin wax, passing said composition downwards through said wax to said point and maintaining said wax at a temperature sufficiently high to melt the composition during its passage the withdrawal of molten composition and, at a point above said lower outlet, an upper outlet for the ⁇ mthdrawal of said heating liquid, means for heating said body of liquid, a perforated grid extending across said vessel below the level of said liquid, mean-s for feeding the composition downwards through said body of liquid and through said grid to said lower outlet, means operable from outside said vessel for closing 'said lower outlet to the passage of molten composition during the melting of an initial charge of composition, means for closing said upper outlet while said lower outlet is open, and means communicating with both said outlets for withdrawing liquid material therethrough and extruding said material.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US522458A 1943-01-04 1944-02-15 Process and apparatus for the melt extrusion of artificial materials Expired - Lifetime US2437685A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB272801X 1943-01-04
GB231243X 1943-12-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2437685A true US2437685A (en) 1948-03-16

Family

ID=26256359

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US522458A Expired - Lifetime US2437685A (en) 1943-01-04 1944-02-15 Process and apparatus for the melt extrusion of artificial materials

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2437685A (en))
BE (2) BE478422A (en))
CH (1) CH272801A (en))
FR (1) FR957347A (en))
GB (1) GB565489A (en))

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2713183A (en) * 1949-11-03 1955-07-19 Alois Vogt Device for melting and casting under air-exclusion
US2978746A (en) * 1955-04-02 1961-04-11 Bayer Ag Method of and apparatus for melting organic thermoplastic plastics
US3063093A (en) * 1959-07-22 1962-11-13 Johns Manville Method and apparatus for producing glass fibers
US3285592A (en) * 1963-05-27 1966-11-15 Kanegafuchi Spinning Co Ltd Method and apparatus for dehydrating and melting thermoplastic polymers for spinning or molding
US3388202A (en) * 1965-09-27 1968-06-11 Monsanto Co Method for melting acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers
US3607171A (en) * 1968-07-26 1971-09-21 Vvb Tech Glas Method for heating melting or softening glass in dispersed form
EP0220529A3 (en) * 1985-10-29 1988-06-22 Nordson Corporation Improved thermoplastic grid melter
US5123569A (en) * 1990-07-18 1992-06-23 Arno Lindner Device for melting and injecting wax for the manufacture of wax parts in broken-mould casting
US5601854A (en) * 1993-12-17 1997-02-11 Zimmer Aktiengesellschaft Spinning head with filter cartridge

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1222200B (de) * 1957-03-28 1966-08-04 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Vorrichtung zum Schmelzspinnen von Polyamiden
WO2005090461A2 (en) * 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 The Tapemark Company Thermoplastic films and methods for making

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1769173A (en) * 1925-04-08 1930-07-01 Frank J Brannen Liquid-supply-indicating-device switch
US2133236A (en) * 1933-12-26 1938-10-11 Owens Illinois Glass Co Glass wool and method and apparatus for making same
US2278875A (en) * 1938-08-09 1942-04-07 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the production of artificial structures
US2289774A (en) * 1939-06-30 1942-07-14 Du Pont Process and apparatus for shaping polymeric materials
US2303339A (en) * 1938-10-18 1942-12-01 Celanese Corp Manufacture of artificial materials
US2303338A (en) * 1939-09-21 1942-12-01 Celanese Corp Preparation of artificial filaments or threads
US2303340A (en) * 1939-05-16 1942-12-01 Celanese Corp Production of artificial materials

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1769173A (en) * 1925-04-08 1930-07-01 Frank J Brannen Liquid-supply-indicating-device switch
US2133236A (en) * 1933-12-26 1938-10-11 Owens Illinois Glass Co Glass wool and method and apparatus for making same
US2278875A (en) * 1938-08-09 1942-04-07 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the production of artificial structures
US2303339A (en) * 1938-10-18 1942-12-01 Celanese Corp Manufacture of artificial materials
US2303340A (en) * 1939-05-16 1942-12-01 Celanese Corp Production of artificial materials
US2289774A (en) * 1939-06-30 1942-07-14 Du Pont Process and apparatus for shaping polymeric materials
US2303338A (en) * 1939-09-21 1942-12-01 Celanese Corp Preparation of artificial filaments or threads

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2713183A (en) * 1949-11-03 1955-07-19 Alois Vogt Device for melting and casting under air-exclusion
US2978746A (en) * 1955-04-02 1961-04-11 Bayer Ag Method of and apparatus for melting organic thermoplastic plastics
US3063093A (en) * 1959-07-22 1962-11-13 Johns Manville Method and apparatus for producing glass fibers
US3285592A (en) * 1963-05-27 1966-11-15 Kanegafuchi Spinning Co Ltd Method and apparatus for dehydrating and melting thermoplastic polymers for spinning or molding
US3388202A (en) * 1965-09-27 1968-06-11 Monsanto Co Method for melting acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers
US3607171A (en) * 1968-07-26 1971-09-21 Vvb Tech Glas Method for heating melting or softening glass in dispersed form
EP0220529A3 (en) * 1985-10-29 1988-06-22 Nordson Corporation Improved thermoplastic grid melter
US5123569A (en) * 1990-07-18 1992-06-23 Arno Lindner Device for melting and injecting wax for the manufacture of wax parts in broken-mould casting
US5601854A (en) * 1993-12-17 1997-02-11 Zimmer Aktiengesellschaft Spinning head with filter cartridge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB565489A (en) 1944-11-14
BE478423A (en))
BE478422A (en))
CH272801A (fr) 1951-01-15
FR957347A (en)) 1950-02-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2437685A (en) Process and apparatus for the melt extrusion of artificial materials
US2253176A (en) Method and apparatus for production of structures
US3915662A (en) Method of growing mono crystalline tubular bodies from the melt
CH653199A5 (de) Fluiddurchlaessiges, faseriges heizelement.
US3354250A (en) Extrusion method and apparatus
US3036335A (en) Apparatus and method for extruding thermoplastic material
US2263549A (en) Electrical heating of liquid baths
US2303340A (en) Production of artificial materials
US3833342A (en) Apparatus for the preparation and growth of crystalline material
US2437703A (en) Process and apparatus for the extrusion of fused artificial materials
US2420356A (en) Degasification
US2305362A (en) Method of casting synthetic organic compounds
US3448185A (en) Melt-spinning of filaments
US3293692A (en) Apparatus for forming rigid porous metal body
GB573327A (en) Improvements in the extrusion of fused filament-forming compositions
DE1671188C3 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Feststoffteilchen, z.B. Kugelchen, aus einem schwerschmelzbaren Material
US3271493A (en) Melt spinning process
US2437686A (en) Process for the extrusion of fused artificial materials
US2243031A (en) Method and apparatus for applying metallic sheaths to cables
US5221542A (en) Apparatus for making a solid electrolyte holder
US2869848A (en) Filamentary material
US2674564A (en) Method for separating waxy and oily materials
US2370721A (en) Method of extruding fused thermoplastic compositions
DE324224C (de) Kabelpresse mit einer Pressduese aus zwei konzentrisch ohne Gewinde ineinandergesetzten Teilen
US3627519A (en) Manufacture of sheets of sintered material