US2430835A - Mixing circuits comprising discharge tubes - Google Patents

Mixing circuits comprising discharge tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2430835A
US2430835A US487980A US48798043A US2430835A US 2430835 A US2430835 A US 2430835A US 487980 A US487980 A US 487980A US 48798043 A US48798043 A US 48798043A US 2430835 A US2430835 A US 2430835A
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United States
Prior art keywords
oscillations
grid
circuit
anode
hiss
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US487980A
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English (en)
Inventor
Strutt Maximiliaan Julius Otto
Ziel Aldert Van Der
Alma Gerrit Hendrik Petrus
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/26—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements
    • H03F1/28—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements in discharge-tube amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
    • H03D7/02—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
    • H03D7/06—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes
    • H03D7/08—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of discharge tubes having more than two electrodes the signals to be mixed being applied between the same two electrodes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a frequency connecter or mixing circuit comprising a discharge tube which in addition to a cathode and an anode contains at least one grid to which the oscillations to be mixed are fed.
  • the invention has for its object to obtain a mixing circuit in which a minimum I. F. hiss voltage is set up.
  • this object is achieved by connecting the anode, at least so far as the frequencies of the oscillations to be mixed are concerned, through a low impedance to the said grid.
  • the grid preferably has such a negative potential that a direct grid current does not occur at any time.
  • I. F. oscillations are obtained from an I. F. circuit included in the circuit of the said grid and in this case it is necessary for the impedance connected between the anode and the grid to have a low value even so far as the I. F. oscillations are concerned.
  • the I. F. oscillations are obtained from an I. F. circuit included in the anode circuit and in this case it is necessary for the impedance connected between the anode and the grid to have a high value so far as the I. F, oscillations are concerned, a high impedance being included preferably in the anode circuit for the oscillations to be mixed.
  • the impedance connected between the anode and the grid may be constituted by the I. F. circuit from which the I. F. oscillations are obtained.
  • a hiss signal ratio is known to occur which is about four times the hiss signal ratio exhibited by the tube when used as an amplifier, This is due to the fact that the optimum conversion-mutual conductance that can be achieved is about a quarter of the mutual conductance at the working point of the tube.
  • Fig. 1 shows a customary diode-mixing circuit. Intermediate the anode and the cathode of the diode l is included a series combination of a H. F. circuit 2 tuned to the signals to be received, a source of local oscillations 3 and an I. F. circuit 4.
  • Fig. 2 shows a mixing circuit comprising a triode 5.
  • a H. F. circuit 2 is interconnected between the control grid 1 and earth; the connection of the cathode 6 to earth includes a source of local oscillations 3, the anode 8 being connected to earth with the interposition of an I. F. circuit 4 and a battery B.
  • the I. F. circuit, the H. F. circuit and the voltage locally generated are all connected in series.
  • the I. F. hiss voltage occurring yields a H. F. hiss voltage which may be referred to as the secondary H. F. hiss voltage.
  • This secondary H. F. hiss voltage jointly with the oscillator voltage yields a secondary I. F. hiss voltage which counteracts the primary 1.
  • diode mixture would be preferable but researches undertaken by applicants revealed that in the case of diode mixture there is a second source of hiss which can be avoided with a triode.
  • This second source of hiss is constituted by the electronsreflected by the anode which in a diode are incorporated in the space charge and thus contribute to the hiss voltage.
  • the invention is based on recognition of the fact that the advantages of diode and triode mixture can be combined and the disadvantages of the two systems can be obviated in that a triode mixing tube is connected as a diode at least so far as the locally generated and H. F. oscillations are concerned, so that a secondary H. F. hiss voltage, and hence also a secondary I. F. hiss voltage, is set up which counteracts the primary 1. F. hiss voltage.
  • Fig. 3 shows a triode in which the. I F. oscillations are obtained from an I. F. circuit 4 included in the grid circuit in series with the H. F. circuit 2 and the source 3 of local oscillations.
  • an impedance in the form of a condenser 9 which has a low value both so far as the oscillations to be mixed and so far as. the I. F. oscillations are concerned.
  • the anode circuit includes a choke H) which has a high impedance both so far as the oscillations to be mixed and so far as the I. F. oscillations are concerned. Consequently, the H. F. and I. F.
  • I. F'. oscillations are obtained from the anode circuit of the tube 5, the anode and the grid having interconnected between them an impedance in the form of a condenser I3 which has a low value so far as the oscillations to be mixed but a high value so far as the I. F. oscillations are concerned.
  • the anode circuit includes a choke I4 which has a high impedance so far as the oscillations to be mixed are concerned. Consequently, the secondary H. F. hiss current will pass through the circuit 2 in contradistinction to the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 2 so that in the circuit 2 a secondary H. F. hiss voltageis developed due to which a secondary I. F. hiss voltage is set up which counteracts the primary I. F. hiss voltage in the manner outlined hereinbefore.
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the invention which is substantially similar to that disclosed in Fig. 4 except that choke l4 and I. F. circuit 4 are interchanged in position between anode 8 of the tube and the terminal of the anode voltage source.
  • the impedance between the anode and the grid corresponding to' condenser l3 in Fig. 4 is constituted by the I. F. circuit 4, the condenser l5 having only the function of a blocking condenser.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention has the additional advantage that the damping exercised by the tube on the input circuit 2 is largely neutralised due to the finite transit time of the electrons since this damping may be conceived as constituted by one part due to the gridcathode space and one part due to the grid-anode space. Since in the circuit arrangement according to the invention the grid-anode space is shunted, for the oscillations to be mixed, by a low impedance the last-mentioned part of the damping is removed.
  • a frequency converter system comprising an electron discharge tube having at least a cathode, an. anode and an interposed grid, means for impressing upon the grid received signal oscillations and locally produced oscillations differing in frequency from said signal oscillations to be combined, means for biasing the grid sufiiciently negative to prevent the flow of grid current, an impedance connected between the anode and the grid which is low at least for the frequencies of the locally produced oscillations, and means for deriving the combined oscillations.
  • a frequency converter system comprising an electron discharge tube having at least a cathode, an anode and an interposed grid, a resistor connected between cathode and ground of a value to bias the grid sufficiently negative to prevent the flow of grid current, a source of received signal oscillations and a source of locally produced oscillations differing in frequency from said signal oscillations serially connected between grid and ground, an impedance connected between the anode and the grid which is low at least for the frequencies of the locally produced oscillations, and means for deriving the oscillations resulting from the interaction between said two oscillations.
  • a frequency converter system comprising an electron discharge tube having at least a cathode, an anode and an interposed grid, a resistor connected between cathode and ground of a value to bias the grid sufliciently negative to prevent the fiow of grid current, a source of received signal oscillations, a source of locally produced oscillations and a circuit tuned to said combined oscillations serially connected between grid and ground, an impedance connected between the anode and the grid, and an impedance included in the anode circuit.
  • a frequency converter system comprising an electron discharge tube having at least a cathode, an anode and an interposed grid, a resistor connected between cathode and ground of a value to bias the grid sufilciently negative to prevent the flow of grid current, a source of received signal oscillations and a source of locally produced oscillations serially connected between grid and ground, a choke coil and a circuit tuned to a Irequency resulting from the ineraction between the signal and local oscillations connected between the anode and ground, and an impedance connected between the anode and the grid.
  • a frequency converter system comprising an electron discharge tube having at least a cathode, an anode and an interposed grid, a resistor connected between cathode and ground of a value to bias the grid suiilciently negative to prevent the flow of grid current, a source of received signal oscillations and a source of locally produced oscillations serially connected between grid and ground, a source of potential for the anode, a choke coil and a tuned circuit serially connected between said potential source and the anode, said tuned circuit being resonant to the frequency resulting from the interaction between the signal and local oscillations, and a blocking condenser connected between the grid and the common terminal between the choke coil and the tuned circuit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US487980A 1941-08-08 1943-05-21 Mixing circuits comprising discharge tubes Expired - Lifetime US2430835A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL231161X 1941-08-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2430835A true US2430835A (en) 1947-11-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US487980A Expired - Lifetime US2430835A (en) 1941-08-08 1943-05-21 Mixing circuits comprising discharge tubes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2430835A (de)
BE (1) BE446775A (de)
CH (1) CH231161A (de)
DE (1) DE856008C (de)
FR (1) FR884839A (de)
NL (1) NL62481C (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2548132A (en) * 1945-07-17 1951-04-10 Sylvania Electric Prod Superheterodyne receiver employing triode converters
US2601467A (en) * 1948-08-31 1952-06-24 Rca Corp Triode mixer construction
US2609460A (en) * 1946-06-22 1952-09-02 Hazeltine Research Inc Tunable constant band-width signal-translating stage
US2617016A (en) * 1948-01-12 1952-11-04 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Mixing circuit for decimeter and centimeter waves
US2719223A (en) * 1946-05-28 1955-09-27 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Circuit for mixing a carrier wave with an auxiliary wave

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL84011C (de) * 1953-02-12

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1742773A (en) * 1926-12-18 1930-01-07 Rca Corp Radio signaling system
US2058430A (en) * 1932-04-27 1936-10-27 Harold F Elliott Modulator and demodulator
DE655256C (de) * 1938-01-12 Leo Pungs Dr Ing Einrichtung zum Zwischenfrequenzempfang
US2227604A (en) * 1938-01-29 1941-01-07 Rca Corp Ultra high frequency device
US2236801A (en) * 1939-03-13 1941-04-01 Albert P Mcdonald Vitreous clay conduit rest section
US2253853A (en) * 1939-07-09 1941-08-26 Haantjes Johan Superheterodyne receiving circuit
US2296107A (en) * 1941-05-09 1942-09-15 Rca Corp Ultra high frequency converter
US2315658A (en) * 1941-08-30 1943-04-06 Rca Corp Negative resistance device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE655256C (de) * 1938-01-12 Leo Pungs Dr Ing Einrichtung zum Zwischenfrequenzempfang
US1742773A (en) * 1926-12-18 1930-01-07 Rca Corp Radio signaling system
US2058430A (en) * 1932-04-27 1936-10-27 Harold F Elliott Modulator and demodulator
US2227604A (en) * 1938-01-29 1941-01-07 Rca Corp Ultra high frequency device
US2236801A (en) * 1939-03-13 1941-04-01 Albert P Mcdonald Vitreous clay conduit rest section
US2253853A (en) * 1939-07-09 1941-08-26 Haantjes Johan Superheterodyne receiving circuit
US2296107A (en) * 1941-05-09 1942-09-15 Rca Corp Ultra high frequency converter
US2315658A (en) * 1941-08-30 1943-04-06 Rca Corp Negative resistance device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2548132A (en) * 1945-07-17 1951-04-10 Sylvania Electric Prod Superheterodyne receiver employing triode converters
US2719223A (en) * 1946-05-28 1955-09-27 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Circuit for mixing a carrier wave with an auxiliary wave
US2609460A (en) * 1946-06-22 1952-09-02 Hazeltine Research Inc Tunable constant band-width signal-translating stage
US2617016A (en) * 1948-01-12 1952-11-04 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Mixing circuit for decimeter and centimeter waves
US2601467A (en) * 1948-08-31 1952-06-24 Rca Corp Triode mixer construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL62481C (de)
FR884839A (fr) 1943-08-27
DE856008C (de) 1952-11-17
BE446775A (de)
CH231161A (de) 1944-02-29

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