US2421197A - Structural members formed of metal and timber - Google Patents

Structural members formed of metal and timber Download PDF

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Publication number
US2421197A
US2421197A US595897A US59589745A US2421197A US 2421197 A US2421197 A US 2421197A US 595897 A US595897 A US 595897A US 59589745 A US59589745 A US 59589745A US 2421197 A US2421197 A US 2421197A
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timber
ladders
metal
structural members
pins
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Green Douglas Harold
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/292—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being wood and metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0486—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements
    • E04C2003/0495—Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements the truss elements being located in several non-parallel surfaces

Definitions

  • STRUCTURAL MEMBERS FORMED- OF METAL AND TIMBER Filed May 26, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 27, 1947.
  • This invention relates to improvements in structural members such as beams and joists of the well known type comprising members formed of straight metal elements such as rods, angle irons or T irons, and bent metal zigzag lattices welded between two straight elements. These members We term for convenience ladders. Two oppositely placed ladders may be welded to two further bent zigzag lattices to form four sided box structures.
  • a timber fixing is located between one edge of one such ladder and one edge of another such ladder, and
  • metal pins traversing the timber fixing are secured to the edges of the ladders, preferably by welding them thereto.
  • the timber fixings may be secured between the ladders at two opposite sides, or there may be one timber fixing only, and the opposite side may be of zigzag bent lattice welded to the ladders.
  • end shoes which are adapted to fit closely over the ends of the assembled ladders and timber fixings and to hold same as in a jig during the welding of the ladders to the pins of the timber fixings.
  • the shoes are also adapted to be themselves welded to the ladders.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a part of a structural member according to the present inventlon.
  • Fig. 2 is a side elevation of part of the same member.
  • Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the same.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing on an enlarged scale one form of end shoe in position on the structural member and Fig. 5 is a similar view of another form of end shoe.
  • the two metal side members or ladders of the beam shown in Fig. 1 each comprise a pair of straight metal rods I, I and 2, 2, respectively, with a zigzag bent lattice 3 of thinner rod between the rods I, I and a similar lattice 4 between the rods 2, 2, the lattices and their straight ro ds 2 being welded together at the bends of the lattices as shown at 5, 5.
  • the shoe of outwardly turned channel section, has a body portion 8, and inwardly turned upper and lower arms 9 and I0. These arms have outwardly turned flanges 9, 9 and ill, II! respectively, on the outer ends of which are formed stop members 9" and I0" respectively.
  • the width of channel of the shoes is such as to accommodate snugly the ends of the timber fillets 6, 6, while the straight rods of the ladders lie outside the channel and upon or below the outwardly directed flanges 9' and Ill respectively.
  • the flanges 9 and III, or portions thereof as shown at 9" and 1', may be turned upwards or downwards respectively to hold the rods 1 and 2 against lateral displacement.
  • the end shoe shown in Fig. 5 is of wider channel section, sufiic'ient to accommodate the ends of the timber fillets with the ends of the straight rods of the ladders on either side of the fillets.
  • On the lower inturned arm ll of the shoe I2 is welded a bracket I3, the free end I4 of which clamps the timber fillet I5 to the arm II, while a similar bracket I6 on the inturned upper arm I! of the shoe clamps the upper timber fillet I8.
  • shoe apertures I9 and 20 respectively are provided to enable the shoes to be fastened to the shoes of other structural members or to other parts of the structure.
  • a convenient method of fabricating and assembling the parts of the timbered beam is the following.
  • the two ladders are made on the lattice bending and welding machine described in my co-pending application Serial No. 558,311, filed October 12, 1944.
  • the two timber battens cut to correct length are drilled with holes at the required predetermined centres and the steel pins are driven into the holes.
  • the end shoes are formed up in a press.
  • One ladder is laid fiat in a suitable jigging bench, the two battens are laid edge upwards, one on each of the straight rods of the ladder, with the lower ends of the pins against the inner sides of the rods, and the second ladder is laid flat upon the upper edges of the two battens.
  • the end shoes are then forced by pedal operation over the ends of the assembled beam while the parts are held in the correct position on the jigging bench.
  • the beam with the end shoes can then be handled as aunit; it is turned through a right angle to bring the battens to the top and bottom and is passed to the welding machine in which the end shoes are resistance welded to the ends of the straight bars of the ladders and the cross pins are welded to the bars.
  • the sequence of the welding operations is as follows.
  • the operator feeds the jigged beam into the welding machine into position to enable the welding heads to weld the lower arm of the shoe to the bottom straight bars of the two ladders.
  • the beam is then pushed manually until the first cross pin in the lower batten of the beam is in position to be welded to the straight bars and the machine is then switched to continuous operation and welds all such lower pins in turn, the beam being traversed through the machine automatically.
  • the machine is then switched to single operation, and the lower fiange of the other end shoe is welded to bottom main bars.
  • the beam is then drawn back through the machine manually, turned over and the other shoe arms and pins passed through the operations above described.
  • the beam then passes to an arc welder which welds the loose ends of the zigzag lattices to the end shoes.
  • the end shoes thus perform three functions:
  • ladders are made up of two /2" diameter bars between which is welded the zigzag bent rod of diameter.
  • the bends are at 5%" pitch, i. e. they are welded to their bars at 11 intervals.
  • the ladders are overall 6%" wide.
  • the timber fillets are 3" by 1 through the greater width of which are driven pins of 4" rod, 4" long.
  • the timber fillets need not be used on both sides of the beam, but may be used on only one side, the other side of the box member being formed for instance by a zigzag bent rod welded between the straight rods at the other edges of the ladders.
  • the timber fillets may be continuous or may be in short lengths.
  • the timber fillets can be so placed, or the metal pins through the fillet can'be so placed, that the pins can rest either on the top and bottom edges of the ladders instead of within the edge rods as above described. Or adjoining pins may lie alternately above and beneath the straight rods.
  • timber fixing fillets may if desired be mounted on the sides of a structural member all the sides of which comprise zigzag bent lattices, the timber overlying one of the lattices and the metal projections from the timber fillet being attached to the straight rods between which the zigzag bent metal rod is fixed.
  • Structural members comprising ladders formed of straight metal elements and bent metal lattices welded between the straight elements and having a timber fixing located between one edge of one ladder and one edge of another ladder and metal pins traversing the timber fixing and secured to the edges of the ladders.
  • Structural members as claimed in claim 1 in box form and comprising two ladders opposite to one another and at least one of the remaining two sides formed by the timber fixing.
  • Structural members as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pins secured to the edges of the ladders hold said ladder edges in positions in which they are pressed on to the timber between them.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Description

May 27, 1947. GREEN 2,421,197
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS FORMED METAL AND TIMB ER Filed May 26,1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 oou lasHarold Green m MM JW AT Tv.
May 27, 1947, D. H. GREEN 2,421,197
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS FORMED- OF METAL AND TIMBER Filed May 26, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 27, 1947. D. H. GREEN STRUCTURAL MEM BERS FORMED .OF METAL AND TIMBER Filed May 2 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR/ Dougms Humid Green D. H. GREEN May 27, 1947.
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS FORMED OF METAL AND TIMBER 'F ile d May 26. 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 \NVE NTOE/ DWSIQ; Hqvold Green 7 m A L -Pw R Y.
Patented May 27, 1947 OFFICE STRUCTURAL MEMBERS FORMED F METAL AND TIMBER Douglas Harold Green, London, England ApplicationMay 26, 1945, Serial No. 595,897 In Great Britain May 16, 1944 Claims. 1
This invention relates to improvements in structural members such as beams and joists of the well known type comprising members formed of straight metal elements such as rods, angle irons or T irons, and bent metal zigzag lattices welded between two straight elements. These members We term for convenience ladders. Two oppositely placed ladders may be welded to two further bent zigzag lattices to form four sided box structures.
It is difficult and expensive to fix other building materials such as boards and panels to such all metal structural members. Timber is the ideal material to which to attach such boards or panels because it can be nailed into and the additional materials can be attached to it at any point.
According to the present invention a timber fixing is located between one edge of one such ladder and one edge of another such ladder, and
metal pins traversing the timber fixing are secured to the edges of the ladders, preferably by welding them thereto.
In a structural member of four sided box section, the timber fixings may be secured between the ladders at two opposite sides, or there may be one timber fixing only, and the opposite side may be of zigzag bent lattice welded to the ladders.
In conjunction with structural members according to the present invention I prefer to use end shoes, which are adapted to fit closely over the ends of the assembled ladders and timber fixings and to hold same as in a jig during the welding of the ladders to the pins of the timber fixings.
The shoes are also adapted to be themselves welded to the ladders.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a part of a structural member according to the present inventlon.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of part of the same member.
Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the same.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing on an enlarged scale one form of end shoe in position on the structural member and Fig. 5 is a similar view of another form of end shoe.
The two metal side members or ladders of the beam shown in Fig. 1 each comprise a pair of straight metal rods I, I and 2, 2, respectively, with a zigzag bent lattice 3 of thinner rod between the rods I, I and a similar lattice 4 between the rods 2, 2, the lattices and their straight ro ds 2 being welded together at the bends of the lattices as shown at 5, 5.
Between the two ladders are held two timber fillets 6,, 6, which are traversed by a number of metal pins 1 at points lying between the corners of the lattices. The ends of these pins extend beyond the two sides of the fillets 6 and are welded to the straight rods I, I and 2, 2 of the ladders on the inner or oppositely disposed sides of these rods.
Over the ends of the structural member described are fitted and fixed shoes such for example as those illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.
In Fig. 4, the shoe, of outwardly turned channel section, has a body portion 8, and inwardly turned upper and lower arms 9 and I0. These arms have outwardly turned flanges 9, 9 and ill, II! respectively, on the outer ends of which are formed stop members 9" and I0" respectively. The width of channel of the shoes is such as to accommodate snugly the ends of the timber fillets 6, 6, while the straight rods of the ladders lie outside the channel and upon or below the outwardly directed flanges 9' and Ill respectively.
The flanges 9 and III, or portions thereof as shown at 9" and 1', may be turned upwards or downwards respectively to hold the rods 1 and 2 against lateral displacement.
The end shoe shown in Fig. 5 is of wider channel section, sufiic'ient to accommodate the ends of the timber fillets with the ends of the straight rods of the ladders on either side of the fillets. On the lower inturned arm ll of the shoe I2 is welded a bracket I3, the free end I4 of which clamps the timber fillet I5 to the arm II, while a similar bracket I6 on the inturned upper arm I! of the shoe clamps the upper timber fillet I8.
In both patterns of shoe apertures I9 and 20 respectively are provided to enable the shoes to be fastened to the shoes of other structural members or to other parts of the structure.
A convenient method of fabricating and assembling the parts of the timbered beam is the following. The two ladders are made on the lattice bending and welding machine described in my co-pending application Serial No. 558,311, filed October 12, 1944. The two timber battens cut to correct length are drilled with holes at the required predetermined centres and the steel pins are driven into the holes. The end shoes are formed up in a press.
One ladder is laid fiat in a suitable jigging bench, the two battens are laid edge upwards, one on each of the straight rods of the ladder, with the lower ends of the pins against the inner sides of the rods, and the second ladder is laid flat upon the upper edges of the two battens. The end shoes are then forced by pedal operation over the ends of the assembled beam while the parts are held in the correct position on the jigging bench. The beam with the end shoes can then be handled as aunit; it is turned through a right angle to bring the battens to the top and bottom and is passed to the welding machine in which the end shoes are resistance welded to the ends of the straight bars of the ladders and the cross pins are welded to the bars.
The sequence of the welding operations is as follows. The operator feeds the jigged beam into the welding machine into position to enable the welding heads to weld the lower arm of the shoe to the bottom straight bars of the two ladders. The beam is then pushed manually until the first cross pin in the lower batten of the beam is in position to be welded to the straight bars and the machine is then switched to continuous operation and welds all such lower pins in turn, the beam being traversed through the machine automatically. The machine is then switched to single operation, and the lower fiange of the other end shoe is welded to bottom main bars. The beam is then drawn back through the machine manually, turned over and the other shoe arms and pins passed through the operations above described. The beam then passes to an arc welder which welds the loose ends of the zigzag lattices to the end shoes.
With a shoe as shown in Fig. 4 the ends of the straight bars of the ladders are welded to the flanges 9' and 10' of the shoe arms, while with a shoe as shown in Fig. 5 the ends of the bars may be welded either to the flanges of the shoe arms or to the inner faces of the arms H, ll.
During the progress of the beam through the welding machine pressure is preferably applied to the two straight bars adjacent to the welding heads, squeezing these bars tightly against the timber between them. The welding of the pins occurs while this pressure is maintained. When the pressure is released, the pins in turn are stressed in retaining the main bars tight to the timber against the reaction of the released timber. In this sense the pins are prestressed.
The end shoes thus perform three functions:
(a) They give rigidity and sheer resistance to the end of the beam.
(1)) They position the elements forming the beam and clip them in the desired position for handling.
Being holed for bolts at top, bottom, and end, they enable the beam to be secured from any of these points when being fixed in a building.
In one practical construction, ladders are made up of two /2" diameter bars between which is welded the zigzag bent rod of diameter. The bends are at 5%" pitch, i. e. they are welded to their bars at 11 intervals. The ladders are overall 6%" wide. The timber fillets are 3" by 1 through the greater width of which are driven pins of 4" rod, 4" long.
The timber fillets need not be used on both sides of the beam, but may be used on only one side, the other side of the box member being formed for instance by a zigzag bent rod welded between the straight rods at the other edges of the ladders.
The timber fillets may be continuous or may be in short lengths.
It will be obvious that the timber fillets can be so placed, or the metal pins through the fillet can'be so placed, that the pins can rest either on the top and bottom edges of the ladders instead of within the edge rods as above described. Or adjoining pins may lie alternately above and beneath the straight rods.
It'will further be understood that timber fixing fillets may if desired be mounted on the sides of a structural member all the sides of which comprise zigzag bent lattices, the timber overlying one of the lattices and the metal projections from the timber fillet being attached to the straight rods between which the zigzag bent metal rod is fixed.
I claim:
1. Structural members comprising ladders formed of straight metal elements and bent metal lattices welded between the straight elements and having a timber fixing located between one edge of one ladder and one edge of another ladder and metal pins traversing the timber fixing and secured to the edges of the ladders.
2. Structural members as claimed in claim 1 in box form and comprising two ladders opposite to one another and at least one of the remaining two sides formed by the timber fixing.
3. Structural members as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pins are secured to the edges of the ladders by welding.
4. Structural members as claimed in claim 1 and comprising at least an end shoe fitted closely over the ends of the assembled ladders and timber fixings welded to the ladders.
5. Structural members, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pins secured to the edges of the ladders hold said ladder edges in positions in which they are pressed on to the timber between them.
DOUGLAS HAROLD GREEN.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 810,220 Pierson Jan. 16, 1906 1,959,880 Sims May 22, 1934 2,092,988 Shodron Sept. 14, 1937 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 5,508 Great Britain Mar. 6, 1911
US595897A 1944-05-16 1945-05-26 Structural members formed of metal and timber Expired - Lifetime US2421197A (en)

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3106752A (en) * 1961-01-06 1963-10-15 Hannen Llewellyn Omar Leo Web beam structures
US3110933A (en) * 1960-12-30 1963-11-19 Joists Inc Nailer joists
FR2365671A1 (en) * 1976-09-24 1978-04-21 Kindberg Bengt BEAM AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURING
US4106258A (en) * 1977-07-05 1978-08-15 Lindsay Fredrick H Mobile building floor joist assembly
US4274241A (en) * 1979-05-04 1981-06-23 Lindal S Walter Metal reinforced wood truss and tie means
US4372093A (en) * 1978-12-19 1983-02-08 Frelena Ab Truss of lattice type
US4597239A (en) * 1983-10-19 1986-07-01 Avi Alpenlandische Veredelungs-Industrie Gesellschaft M.B.H. Lining-frame of latticework construction for galleries, tunnels or the like
US5448866A (en) * 1989-09-07 1995-09-12 Kajima Corporation Trusses and precast concrete slabs reinforced thereby
US20070125030A1 (en) * 2005-12-01 2007-06-07 Armin Hoffmann Support for installations in housing technology and industry
US20070144104A1 (en) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Support for installations in housing technology and industry
RU2788183C1 (en) * 2022-10-14 2023-01-17 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Самарский государственный технический университет" Metal-wood beam

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US810220A (en) * 1905-03-17 1906-01-16 Arthur S Pierson Reinforcing device for concrete structures.
GB191105508A (en) * 1911-03-06 1911-06-21 Gerald Otley Case An Improved Method of Constructing Beams, Floors, Walls, Columns, Piles and the like.
US1959880A (en) * 1930-08-28 1934-05-22 Ernest M Sims Metal building structure
US2092988A (en) * 1935-01-22 1937-09-14 James Mfg Co Interchangeable steel framework construction

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US810220A (en) * 1905-03-17 1906-01-16 Arthur S Pierson Reinforcing device for concrete structures.
GB191105508A (en) * 1911-03-06 1911-06-21 Gerald Otley Case An Improved Method of Constructing Beams, Floors, Walls, Columns, Piles and the like.
US1959880A (en) * 1930-08-28 1934-05-22 Ernest M Sims Metal building structure
US2092988A (en) * 1935-01-22 1937-09-14 James Mfg Co Interchangeable steel framework construction

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3110933A (en) * 1960-12-30 1963-11-19 Joists Inc Nailer joists
US3106752A (en) * 1961-01-06 1963-10-15 Hannen Llewellyn Omar Leo Web beam structures
FR2365671A1 (en) * 1976-09-24 1978-04-21 Kindberg Bengt BEAM AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURING
US4159606A (en) * 1976-09-24 1979-07-03 Kindberg Bengt A Beam and method of making it
US4106258A (en) * 1977-07-05 1978-08-15 Lindsay Fredrick H Mobile building floor joist assembly
US4372093A (en) * 1978-12-19 1983-02-08 Frelena Ab Truss of lattice type
US4274241A (en) * 1979-05-04 1981-06-23 Lindal S Walter Metal reinforced wood truss and tie means
US4597239A (en) * 1983-10-19 1986-07-01 Avi Alpenlandische Veredelungs-Industrie Gesellschaft M.B.H. Lining-frame of latticework construction for galleries, tunnels or the like
US5448866A (en) * 1989-09-07 1995-09-12 Kajima Corporation Trusses and precast concrete slabs reinforced thereby
US20070125030A1 (en) * 2005-12-01 2007-06-07 Armin Hoffmann Support for installations in housing technology and industry
US20070144104A1 (en) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Support for installations in housing technology and industry
RU2788183C1 (en) * 2022-10-14 2023-01-17 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Самарский государственный технический университет" Metal-wood beam
RU2794006C1 (en) * 2022-10-14 2023-04-11 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Самарский государственный технический университет" Method for manufacturing a metal and wood beam
RU2794709C1 (en) * 2022-10-14 2023-04-24 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Самарский государственный технический университет" Lattice building element

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