US2415036A - Resistance material - Google Patents
Resistance material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2415036A US2415036A US558611A US55861144A US2415036A US 2415036 A US2415036 A US 2415036A US 558611 A US558611 A US 558611A US 55861144 A US55861144 A US 55861144A US 2415036 A US2415036 A US 2415036A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- nickel
- resistance
- silicon
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
- H01C17/06—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base
- H01C17/065—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base by thick film techniques, e.g. serigraphy
- H01C17/06506—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits
- H01C17/06513—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits characterised by the resistive component
- H01C17/06526—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits characterised by the resistive component composed of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
Definitions
- WatenteJ. 2 is
- Another object of the invention is to provide a highly efficient electrical resistance element made of metal and glass powders intimately mixed.
- Percent Nickel 35 sincbn 15 Glass 50 has a resistance of 3.10 ohm. cm.
- a material composed of silicon 25% and glass 75% has a resistance value of 1,000,000 ohm. cm.
- the value of silicon has a constituent of the compound becomes clearly evident.
- a resistance material may be varied through wide limits.
- the variation of resistance may be obtained in the following manner; 1. e., by keeping the percentage of glass constant and varying the percentage of silicon and nickel; by keeping the silicon constant and varying the percentage of nickel and glass; bykeeping the nickel constant and varying the percentage of silicon and glass; and .also by varying the particular mesh of the respective constituents of the compound.
- the wax is dissolved v acmpso in carbon tetrachloride.
- the metal powders and glass powder are then mixed and added to the wax solution.
- This mixture is placed in,a ball mill and more carbon tetrachloride is added to form a thin slurry.
- the mixture is then thoroughly milled, drained ofi, and dried. When thoroughly dried, it is screened through a fine mesh screen.
- a resistance material comprising powdered glass 50%, powdered copper 40%, and powdered silicon 10%.
- 2.'A resistance material comprising a compound of glass powder 50%, nickel powder 35%, and silicon powder 15%.
- a resistance material comprising the following constituents compounded in the proportions given: powdered glass 57.5 parts; powdered silicon 8.0 parts, and powdered nickel 34.5 parts.
- a resistance bar comprising a compound of powdered glass 57.5 parts, powdered silicon 8.0 parts, powdered nickel 34.5 parts, and ,paraffln wax 7.5 parts, in solution, thoroughly mixed, dried, compacted, and sintered.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
.metal and glass powders.
WatenteJ. 2,, is
2,415,03 RESISTANCE MATERIAL Archibald 0. Quinn, Detroit, Mich, assignor to I Bendix Aviation Corporation, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 13, 19M,
Serial No. 558,611
Claims. (Cl. 201-76) break switches, the material being characterized in that the possibility of arcing of the switch is inhibited.
Another object of the invention is to provide a highly efficient electrical resistance element made of metal and glass powders intimately mixed.
It has been found that an electrical resistance element-proves eminently satisfactory for general use in electric circuits when the element is made of a material derived from a compound of In the preparation of the resistance material through the use of metal and glass powders, a critical percentage of metal is essential before the material becomes conductive. .In instances where either copper or nickel powder is used of a -325 mesh, 9, minimum of forty-two per cent (42%) of metal is found to be essential.
In practice, the maximum specific resistance thus far attained in the usage of copper and glass, and nickel and glass is- Copper and glass. .025 Nickel and glass '.125
Although these values have been obtained, they are by no means static. The percentage of metal used and the resultant specific resistance is controlled by the mesh size of both constituents, the thoroughness of mixing the constituents, and the manner of curing the material,
1 that is, the heat treatment of the compound.
, Ohm. cm. Copper -.0000017 and Nickel -.00000'l8 ample, a compound of However, it is to be clearly understood that the invention is not limited to the use of copper and nickel. As to the metallic element of the material, any other metal may be employed with excellent results.
Although the resistance obtained through the use of a mixture of copper and glass, and also a mixture of nickel and glass, is much higher than in instances where pure nickel or copper elements are used, in some instances it is necessary to obtain higher resistances than obtainable with either of the above compositions.
It. has been discovered that with the addition of silicon as athird element in the compound, the resistance values are enormously increased. This is clearly shown by actual tests; as, for ex- Per cent Copper 40 Silicon 10 Glass 50 has a resistance value of 1.17
Percent Nickel 35 sincbn 15 Glass 50 has a resistance of 3.10 ohm. cm. A material composed of silicon 25% and glass 75% has a resistance value of 1,000,000 ohm. cm. Thus, the value of silicon has a constituent of the compound becomes clearly evident.
Through the use of a compound of glass, silicon and metal, preferably copper or nickel, a resistance material may be varied through wide limits. The variation of resistance may be obtained in the following manner; 1. e., by keeping the percentage of glass constant and varying the percentage of silicon and nickel; by keeping the silicon constant and varying the percentage of nickel and glass; bykeeping the nickel constant and varying the percentage of silicon and glass; and .also by varying the particular mesh of the respective constituents of the compound.
It has been found that a highly satisfactory resistance bar may be had by compounding the following materials in the percentages given;
In preparing this compound the wax is dissolved v acmpso in carbon tetrachloride. The metal powders and glass powder are then mixed and added to the wax solution. This mixture is placed in,a ball mill and more carbon tetrachloride is added to form a thin slurry. The mixture is then thoroughly milled, drained ofi, and dried. When thoroughly dried, it is screened through a fine mesh screen.
temperature; for example, 1000 F. for fifteen minutes. Then, to attain the desired physical characteristics of the bar, it is re-sintered at a The material is loaded into a steel die and compressed to the contour of the piece "desired. In order to removev'olatile constituents from the pressed bar, it is then sintered at a low 4 the invention,, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A resistance material comprising powdered glass 50%, powdered copper 40%, and powdered silicon 10%.
2.'A resistance material comprising a compound of glass powder 50%, nickel powder 35%, and silicon powder 15%.
3. A resistance material comprising the following constituents compounded in the proportions given: powdered glass 57.5 parts; powdered silicon 8.0 parts, and powdered nickel 34.5 parts.
4. A resistance bar comprising a compound of powdered glass 57.5 parts, powdered silicon 8.0 parts, powdered nickel 34.5 parts, and ,paraffln wax 7.5 parts, in solution, thoroughly mixed, dried, compacted, and sintered.
5. The method of producing a resistance bar comprising compounding glass powder 57.5 parts, silicon powder 8.0 parts, nickel powder 34.5 parts, and parafin wax 7.5 .parts, drying the mixture, compacting the mixture to form the bar. and sintering th bar.
. ARCHIBALD C. QUINN.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US558611A US2415036A (en) | 1944-10-13 | 1944-10-13 | Resistance material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US558611A US2415036A (en) | 1944-10-13 | 1944-10-13 | Resistance material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2415036A true US2415036A (en) | 1947-01-28 |
Family
ID=24230231
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US558611A Expired - Lifetime US2415036A (en) | 1944-10-13 | 1944-10-13 | Resistance material |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2415036A (en) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2683673A (en) * | 1952-03-10 | 1954-07-13 | Electrofilm Corp | Film-type heating element |
US2744011A (en) * | 1950-04-11 | 1956-05-01 | Diffusion Alloys Ltd | Process for the manufacture of sintered articles |
US2745742A (en) * | 1952-03-08 | 1956-05-15 | Gen Electric | Method of making a sintered brazing pellet |
US2859163A (en) * | 1957-12-30 | 1958-11-04 | George L Ploetz | Cadmium-rare earth borate glass as reactor control material |
US3023492A (en) * | 1958-11-19 | 1962-03-06 | Gen Electric | Metalized ceramic member and composition and method for manufacturing same |
US3045332A (en) * | 1955-01-28 | 1962-07-24 | Gen Electric | Bonding member |
US3047383A (en) * | 1955-12-27 | 1962-07-31 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Polyphase materials |
US3123470A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | Bonding means and method | ||
DE1166934B (en) * | 1951-07-20 | 1964-04-02 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Electric semiconductor device built into a glass case |
US3165821A (en) * | 1963-06-10 | 1965-01-19 | Du Pont | Colored metal-glass composites |
US3167427A (en) * | 1955-12-27 | 1965-01-26 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Polyphase materials |
US3247132A (en) * | 1963-04-05 | 1966-04-19 | Champion Spark Plug Co | Spark plug seal |
US3408524A (en) * | 1966-07-08 | 1968-10-29 | Gen Motors Corp | Sparkplug and seal therefor |
US3484284A (en) * | 1967-08-15 | 1969-12-16 | Corning Glass Works | Electroconductive composition and method |
US3896055A (en) * | 1973-01-26 | 1975-07-22 | Du Pont | Pyrochlore-related oxides containing copper and/or silver and resistor compositions thereof |
US3905792A (en) * | 1973-03-21 | 1975-09-16 | Philips Corp | Method of manufacturing semi-conducting glasses exhibiting electrical conductivity in the mass |
US3948812A (en) * | 1971-11-16 | 1976-04-06 | Myron A. Coler | Conductive compositions and processes therefor |
US3950597A (en) * | 1973-01-26 | 1976-04-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Powder compositions of polynary oxides and copper |
WO1999020689A1 (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 1999-04-29 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Improved metallurgical compositions containing binding agent/lubricant and process for preparing same |
US6280683B1 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2001-08-28 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Metallurgical compositions containing binding agent/lubricant and process for preparing same |
-
1944
- 1944-10-13 US US558611A patent/US2415036A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3123470A (en) * | 1964-03-03 | Bonding means and method | ||
US2744011A (en) * | 1950-04-11 | 1956-05-01 | Diffusion Alloys Ltd | Process for the manufacture of sintered articles |
DE1166934B (en) * | 1951-07-20 | 1964-04-02 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Electric semiconductor device built into a glass case |
US2745742A (en) * | 1952-03-08 | 1956-05-15 | Gen Electric | Method of making a sintered brazing pellet |
US2683673A (en) * | 1952-03-10 | 1954-07-13 | Electrofilm Corp | Film-type heating element |
US3045332A (en) * | 1955-01-28 | 1962-07-24 | Gen Electric | Bonding member |
US3167427A (en) * | 1955-12-27 | 1965-01-26 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Polyphase materials |
US3047383A (en) * | 1955-12-27 | 1962-07-31 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Polyphase materials |
US2859163A (en) * | 1957-12-30 | 1958-11-04 | George L Ploetz | Cadmium-rare earth borate glass as reactor control material |
US3023492A (en) * | 1958-11-19 | 1962-03-06 | Gen Electric | Metalized ceramic member and composition and method for manufacturing same |
US3247132A (en) * | 1963-04-05 | 1966-04-19 | Champion Spark Plug Co | Spark plug seal |
US3165821A (en) * | 1963-06-10 | 1965-01-19 | Du Pont | Colored metal-glass composites |
US3408524A (en) * | 1966-07-08 | 1968-10-29 | Gen Motors Corp | Sparkplug and seal therefor |
US3484284A (en) * | 1967-08-15 | 1969-12-16 | Corning Glass Works | Electroconductive composition and method |
US3948812A (en) * | 1971-11-16 | 1976-04-06 | Myron A. Coler | Conductive compositions and processes therefor |
US3896055A (en) * | 1973-01-26 | 1975-07-22 | Du Pont | Pyrochlore-related oxides containing copper and/or silver and resistor compositions thereof |
US3950597A (en) * | 1973-01-26 | 1976-04-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Powder compositions of polynary oxides and copper |
US3905792A (en) * | 1973-03-21 | 1975-09-16 | Philips Corp | Method of manufacturing semi-conducting glasses exhibiting electrical conductivity in the mass |
WO1999020689A1 (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 1999-04-29 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Improved metallurgical compositions containing binding agent/lubricant and process for preparing same |
US6280683B1 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2001-08-28 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Metallurgical compositions containing binding agent/lubricant and process for preparing same |
US6602315B2 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2003-08-05 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Metallurgical compositions containing binding agent/lubricant and process for preparing same |
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