US2409470A

US2409470A - Burner and fuel flow control means

Info

Publication number: US2409470A
Application number: US544736A
Authority: US
Inventors: James L Breese
Original assignee: OIL DEVICES
Current assignee: OIL DEVICES
Priority date: 1944-07-13
Filing date: 1944-07-13
Publication date: 1946-10-15
Anticipated expiration: 1963-10-15

Description

Oct. l5, 1946. J. l. anais; l 2,409,470

. BURNER ANUPUBL FLO CONTROL BARS vmhd .my 1s. 1944 Zwzzzar -ms .Breese @PQ/AM um,

75k/'frega Patented Oct. 15, 1946 i PATENT OFFICE BURNER AND FUEL FLOW CONTROL MEANS James L. Breese, Santa Fe, N. Mex., assignor to (lil Devices, Santa Fe, N. Mex., a limited partnership of Illinois Application July 13, 1944, Serial No. 544.736

9 Claims. l

My invention relates to an improvement in hydrocarbon burners and has for one purpose the provision of a burner for burning liquid hydrocarbon fuels which shall be simple, economical and eilicient in operation.

Another purpose is the provision of improved means for supplying a burner through a single passage or inlet member with all of the air necessary to support the primary combustion of the fuel.

- Another purpose is. the provision of-improved means for preventing an excess supply of fuel and for cutting off the fuel supply when an excess supply hasybeen delivered.

Another purpose is the provision of improved means for supplying primary and secondary air for the combustion of liquid fuel hydrocarbons along a single inlet member.

Another` purpose is to provide improved means for vaporizng liquid fuel in a zone of combustion in the presence and for mixture with air adequate to support partial and eventually final fuel com-v."

bustion.

Another purpose is to provide an improved means for controlling the level-` of liquid fuel subjected to vaporization within a mixing and combustion chamber.

Other; purposes will appear from time to time in the course of the specication,

I illustrate my invention more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying drawing wherein:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through an embodie ment of my device; and

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2''2 of Fig. 1.

Like parts are indicated by like symbols throughout the specification and drawing. Referring to the drawing, Iillustrate a combustion chamber I, herein shown 'as in the form of a drum, having a bottom or base portion 2 and. if desired, abottom body 3 of any suitable materialI such asfire'brick." It will be understood that the burner may be applied to a wide variety of heaters, furnacesuand the like, but I illustrate'it in connection with a water heater 5 having a cem tral nue passage 3;* Ijemploy--a single airand fuel Vinlet member having an outer passage .l, herein shown as vertiehand with an open top' 8,

or` any other suitableme'ans for admitting air.`

It has a horizontal portion 3,which extends in? wardly through the wall oij the jmember I, l herein showni as 'terminating' with -a' 'd wnward elbow I0, which may'be'aidally. aligned withthef iiue passage 6. I'provide aufixedvaporivzing 30 of metal or any other suitablematerialtwhich I may be mounted on any suitable supports 3i 'or ci. s-42.3)

may otherwise be supported or positioned within the wall I defining the mixing and combustionchamber. 32 is a float of any suitable material adapted to resist or be undamaged by the temperatures to which it is subjected. It maybe of stainless steel or some ceramic material and is suiiiciently buoyant to oat on the fuel 33. Il is any suitable operating rod `upon the free end of -which the iioat 32 is secured. It controls any suitable worm or screw 33 through any suitable nut 36 to control a valve element 31 opposed to a seating 38 in the liquid fuel inlet duct 39. It will be understood that when the level of the fuel 33 drops in response to vaporization of the fuel in the vaporizing cup 3|)v the constant rotation of the arm 34 moves valve 31 away from the valve seat 33 and permits an inflow of liquid fuel. Also when sufficient fuel has .been supplied, the rise vof the float 32 moves the valve 31 toward closing zo position. The duct 1 may be employed to supply al air may be admitted through other inlets. may provide for example the access opening I0 controlled by a. movable door 4I which may have damper apertures I2.

It will be realized that, whereas I have described and illustrated a practical and operative device, nevertheless many changes may be made in the size, shape, number and disposition o! vention. =Itherefore wish myy description and drawing to be'takenas in a broad sense illustrative or diagrammatic, rather than as limiting me to my precise showing.

Theguleand operation of my invention are v asfollowsz" fr I provi heating device in which a liquid fuel.l such. dhydrocarbon, may be burned. I have iv my device in connection with u ble for, a hotwater heater, but ih willbe,'uriv rstod that `I mayapply it to'space heaters, furnaces. or the like, or any other heatfngnnieans." 'y Basically, I employ an inlet passage of substantially greater capacity than is necessaryfor the mere supply of a liquidfuel to be burned. In

all the air necessary for combustion; or additionparts without departingfrom the spirit of my in- For examplepthe shape and proportion of the drawing I illustrate an air passage oi' subntial cross sectional area, which receives air ...ie open top 8 and delivers the air inwardly aiong the passage 9. The liquid fuel is admitted along the passage 39, past the valve members 3&3, and ows inwardly along the passage S. .as a substantial length of the, passage 9 is` sub- .iected to the heat of combustion within the member i, the tube through which the mixture of primary air and the liquid fuel flows is highly heated. Enough air is admitted to constitute the entire primary supply of air, and the liquid hydrocarbon, in the presence of this primary air,

. is vapor-ized' and forms, with the primary air, a

hydroxylated mixture.

The mixture is supplied at a speed exceeding that of flame propagation, so that the mixture cannot burn back into the passage 9, with a consequent deposit of carbon. It will be understood that I may employ any means for maintaining this relatively high flow of mixture. If in any particular situation natural draft is not sulcient, may employ a motor driven fan, or other suitable means not herein shown.

Fuel is supplied in suiiicient volume to malntaln a re which will subject the member 9 to temperatures suflicient t vaporlze the liquid fuel and to superheat the final mixture. When the mixture escapes from the downturned end lill of the member 9, it receives sufficient secondary air in the space defined by the drum I to produce a unal mixture which is burned in the combustion chamber.

l may employ any suitable inlet means for supplying this secondary air. It is advantageous to deliver the secondary air so as to maintain a zone of combustion directly adjacent the passage l0 so that 'the liquid fuel is properly vaporized and the primary mixture superheated.

li und it advantageous to provide means for cutting of the fuel supply in the event that an excess supply of fuel, more than can be vaporized, is delivered from the outlet I0.

@il flows from the inlet 39 through the valve orlce into the tube 9, and flows out along the tube, which is pitched somewhat downwardly toward the mouth I0. The oil starts in as a liquid after passing the valve seat 3B, and flows down `the lower surface of the tube d. Before it reaches the orifice til it is vaporized by the heat of combastion.

The air passing through the tube 9 is sulcient to completely hydroxylate the mixture. and a dry combustible gas flows downwardly through the orifice ill at a velocity greater than that of darne propagation. 'I'his velocity is sumclent to prevent iiame from burning back into the tube.

any suitable secondary air supply means may employed for supplying secondary air to the space within the drum or housing i. understood that in any event secondary air is admitted to the space within the drum I and that thlssecondary air is sufficient and effective to maintain final complete combustion of the mixture which iows from the orioe i d.

With reference to the drawing I provide means for controlling the liquid fuel valve in response to variations in the amount of liquid fuel present in the mixing chamber or Zone and in the van porlzng member. Variations in the amount or Revel of the fuel subjected to vaporization are employed to control the liquid fuel inlet valve 3l.

I claim:

i. 'in combination, in a liquid fuel lburner, a mixing and combustion chamber element theret for, having air inlet means, means for delivering a liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element, a liquid fuel receiving cup, located in said interior of said chamber element and in the line of delivery of liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element, and means for varying the flow of liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element in response to changes in the volume of the liquid fuel in said cup.

2. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner, a mixing and combustion chamber element therefor, having air inlet means, means for delivering a liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element, a liquid fuel receiving cup, located in said interior of said chamber element and in the line of delivery of liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element, and means for varying the flow of liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element in response to changes in the level of the liquid fuel in said cup.

3. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner, a mixing and combustion chamber element therefor, having air inlet means, means for delivering a liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element. a liquid fuel receiving cup, located in said interior of said chamber element and in the line of delivery of liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element, and means for varying the flow of liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element in response to changes in the level of the liquid fuel in said cup, said cup being normally fixed within and in relation to said mixing and of unvaporized liquid fuel present in said chamber.

5. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner, a mixing and combustion chamber element therefor, having air inlet means, means for delivering a liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber eleof liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber ele- It will be ment, in response to changes in the volume of liquid fuel ln said cup including a float member responsive to the level of liquid fuel in said cup.

6. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner, a mixing and combustion chamber element therefor, having air inlet means, means for delivering a liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element, a liquid fuel receiving cup, located in said interior of said chamber element and in the line 35 of delivery of liquid fuel to the interior of said interior of said chamber element, and in Ithe line o! delivery of liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber elements,` and means for varying the i'iow of liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element in response to increases in the level of the liquid fuel in said cup.

8. In' combination, in a liquid fuel burner, a mixing and combustion chamber element there for, having air inlet means. means for delivering a liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element, a liquid fuel receiving cup, located in said interior of said chamber element and in the line of delivery of liquid fuel tothe interior of said chamber element, and means fox-'varying the flow of liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element in response to increases in the level of the liquid fuel in said cup, said cup being normally xed within and in relation to said mixing and combustion chamber. v

9. In combination, in a liquidfuel burner, a mixing and combustion chamber element therefor having air inlet means, means for delivering a liquid fuel to the interior of said chamber element, means in said chamber element for receiving said liquid fuel and for maintaining itin position for vapo'xization by the heat of combustion taking place within or adjacent said chamber element, and means for varying the rate of flow of liquid fuel to the interior of said lchamber element in response to increases in the volume oi'` unvaporized liquid iuel present in said chamber.

JAMES n nREE'sE.