US2398282A - Antiknock agent - Google Patents

Antiknock agent Download PDF

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Publication number
US2398282A
US2398282A US565200A US56520044A US2398282A US 2398282 A US2398282 A US 2398282A US 565200 A US565200 A US 565200A US 56520044 A US56520044 A US 56520044A US 2398282 A US2398282 A US 2398282A
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United States
Prior art keywords
lead
iron
grams
antiknock
mixtures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US565200A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bartholomew Earl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ethyl Corp
Original Assignee
Ethyl Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE465026D priority Critical patent/BE465026A/xx
Application filed by Ethyl Corp filed Critical Ethyl Corp
Priority to US565200A priority patent/US2398282A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2398282A publication Critical patent/US2398282A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antiknock compounds.
  • Many attempts have been made to use iron carbonyl as an antiknock agent in high compression engines, chiefly because it can be manufactured at a lower cost than the lead alkyls.- Some of these attempts have included the use of lead alkyls in very small proportional quantities. These attempts have not had any appreciable success and the reason for this has not been clear. So far as I am aware these attempts have been based on a primary consideration of the use of iron carbonyl, and other factors were wholly secondary to this.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide useful antiknock mixtures of tetraalkyl lead and iron pentacarbonyl.
  • the single figure of the drawing is a chart illustrating the antiknock values of different mixtures of tetraalkyl lead and iron pentacarbonyl when added to a widely used commercial base fuel.
  • This fuel was the base for Standard Oil bonyl is indicated as grams of iron per gallon.
  • the corresponding volumes 0! tetraethyl lead and iron pentacarbonyl are shown in parentheses on the horizontal and vertical scales respectively.
  • Each line, A to M inclusive, indicates mixtures having a constant antiknock value. Mixtures indicated by line A have the lowest antiknock value and lines lying to the right of A indicate mixtures of progressively higher antiknock value.
  • Each ofthese lines may be used in the following manner, taking line H as an example. This line starts from the horizontal axis at 1.32 grams of lead (1.25 c. c. of, tetraethyl lead) and 0.0 grams ofiron per gallon of fuel, indicating that the fuel contains 1.32 grams of lead and no iron pentacarbonyl. If 0.21 gram of iron (0.5 c.
  • the horizontal axis OX indicates the quantity of lead alkyl in the mixture per gallon of fuel and the vertical axis OY'indicates the quantity of iron pentacarbonyl in the mixture per gallon of fuel. Inasmuch as the quantity of lead in a given volume of the dif-' ferent lead alkyls is not constant, the quantity of lead alkyl is indicated as grams of lead per gallon. Likewise the quantity of iron pentacargrams of lead per gallon.
  • iron pentacarbonyl n grams of lead per gallon has the same effect as the 0.0 grams of iron and 1.32 Between these two points on the curve the compounds are so mutually toxic that the addition of'the iron pentacarbonyl results in a'loss of antiknock value and therefore the addition of iron pentacarbonyl is ent in the mixture gives a useful result but at no point on the curve is the value of the mixture equal to the sum of the values of the two constituents. The value of a mixture cannot be predicated upon a knowledge of the values of each of the compounds in the mixtures.
  • the mixture chosen depends on the cost of the components of the mixture, the increment of antiknock value desired from the mixture, the nature of the base fuel, the type of engine,-the conditions of engine operation and the increased rate of engine wear attributable to the antiknock mixture.
  • iron pentacarbonyl also suggests this inasmuch as the antiknock mixture will be more evenly distributed during periods of poor fuel distribution.
  • mixtures having a relatively high iron pentacarbonyl content because I have found that products of combustion of iron pentacarbonyl which remain in the combustion chamber have less tendency to cause preignition than those of tetraethyl lead.
  • a relatively high iron pentacarbonyl content is desirable because of the increased effectiveness of iron pentacarbonyl relative to tetraalkyl lead compounds under these conditions.
  • I employ mixtures having an iron pentacarbonyl content of not more than 4.0 c. 0. per gallon, equivalent to 1.68 grams of iron, as indicated by line NR.
  • the curves for mixtures containing other lead alkyls with iron pentacarbonylv may vary from those for mixtures containing iron pentacarbonyl and tetraethyl lead but if they vary the differences are not material as to a choice of the mixture to be used.
  • Tetraethyl lead is used more widely than any other lead compound as an antiknock and for this reason its use with iron pentaoarbonyl has been described above.
  • the more useful range of lead alkyls for admixture with iron pentacarbonyl appears to extend from lead dimethyl diethyl to the heavier alkyls such as lead tetra-n-butyl.
  • An antiknock mixture consisting of by volume substantially three partsiron pentacarbonyl and one part tetraethyl lead.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
US565200A 1944-11-27 1944-11-27 Antiknock agent Expired - Lifetime US2398282A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE465026D BE465026A (xx) 1944-11-27
US565200A US2398282A (en) 1944-11-27 1944-11-27 Antiknock agent

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US565200A US2398282A (en) 1944-11-27 1944-11-27 Antiknock agent

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US2398282A true US2398282A (en) 1946-04-09

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US565200A Expired - Lifetime US2398282A (en) 1944-11-27 1944-11-27 Antiknock agent

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BE (1) BE465026A (xx)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2546421A (en) * 1949-08-05 1951-03-27 Ethyl Corp Wear inhibitors for iron carbonyl
DE886972C (de) * 1950-02-01 1953-08-20 Basf Ag Motortreibstoff
US2901336A (en) * 1957-05-15 1959-08-25 Ethyl Corp Antiknock compositions
US2913413A (en) * 1957-09-13 1959-11-17 Ethyl Corp Compositions for engine operation
DE1091377B (de) * 1957-05-15 1960-10-20 Ethyl Corp Treibstoff fuer Vergasermotoren auf Benzinbasis
US3063818A (en) * 1960-03-29 1962-11-13 Shell Oil Co Gasoline composition
US3065065A (en) * 1960-03-29 1962-11-20 Shell Oil Co Gasoline composition
US3160592A (en) * 1959-10-16 1964-12-08 Ethyl Corp Engine operation and compositions therefor

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2546421A (en) * 1949-08-05 1951-03-27 Ethyl Corp Wear inhibitors for iron carbonyl
DE886972C (de) * 1950-02-01 1953-08-20 Basf Ag Motortreibstoff
US2901336A (en) * 1957-05-15 1959-08-25 Ethyl Corp Antiknock compositions
DE1091377B (de) * 1957-05-15 1960-10-20 Ethyl Corp Treibstoff fuer Vergasermotoren auf Benzinbasis
US2913413A (en) * 1957-09-13 1959-11-17 Ethyl Corp Compositions for engine operation
US3160592A (en) * 1959-10-16 1964-12-08 Ethyl Corp Engine operation and compositions therefor
US3063818A (en) * 1960-03-29 1962-11-13 Shell Oil Co Gasoline composition
US3065065A (en) * 1960-03-29 1962-11-20 Shell Oil Co Gasoline composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE465026A (xx)

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