US2397529A - Burner for army type stoves - Google Patents

Description

3 Shee ts-Sheet 1 IDIIIIOII April 2, 1946. J. BREESE BURNER FOR ARMY TYPE STOVES Filed Oct. 28, 1942 .krmaxifireas'a April 2, 1946. Q J BREvEsE 2,397,529

BURNER FOR ARMY TYPE STOVES Filed Oct. 28, 1942 3 Sheets-ShgetZ I T 42 49 4'8 5/ 4- 3-67 2g 45 Lfa 6 5/ A ril 2, 1946. J. L. BREESE BURNER FOR ARMY TYPE STOVES Filed Oct. 28, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 4 w 5 w Wfl PM -8 w 4 W M 2 2 .5 4 4 4 a- 4 W k Patented Apr. 2, me

2,391,529 BURNER roa ARMY ma s'rovas James L. Brcese, Santa Fe, N. Men, assignor to Oil Devices, Santa Fe, N. Mex., a limited partnership of Illinois Application October 28, 1942, Serial No. 463,601

14 Claims. (01. 158-91) My invention relates to an improvement in fluid fuel burners and has for one purpose the provision of a burner for burning a wide variety of hydrocarbons.

Another purpose is the provision of a burner adaptable for relatively light stove units, such as are employed, for example, in the United States Army. I t

Another purpose is the provision of improve valve means for liquid fuel burners.

Other purposes will appear from time to time in the course of the specification.

I illustrate my invention more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings wherem:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section;

Fig. 2 is a section on an enlarged scale on the line 22 of 1; i

Fig. 3 is a section on an enlarged scale on the line 3-3 of .fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a section on an enlarged scaleon. the

line 4 4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 isa section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 8-6 of Fig. 3.

Like partsare indicated by like symbols throughout the specification and drawings.

Referring to the drawings, I generally indicates any suitable stoveor heating chamber having any suitable flue outlet passage 2 and removable access member or lid 3. It will be understood that the member I is generally circular in cross section.

4 isa base member having a bottom portion 5. Restingin the base member is an intermediate member or baflie generally indicated as '6 and including an offset portion 1 resting upon the upper edge of the member 4, and an upwardly extend-- ing flange 8 adapted .to receive and prevent lateral movement of the lower edge of the member I. The parts may be freely removable from each other and constitute a readily dismountable stove which may be employed, if desired, to burn solid fuel. For example, a grate may be inserted or supported in the member 6 in the central opening 9 thereof. l0 indicates an access opening available when the device is employed to burn solid fuels, for the removal of ashes and the like.

I8 is a centrally apertured flame ring closing the opposite end of the cylinder l5. It abuts against and is secured to the flange 20 of the pot l8, which in turn may be secured to the edge of the cylinder I5, as by any suitable screws 2|. The space between the pot l9 and the cylinder I5 is supplied with air through the opening I1, and the air penetrates the interior of the pot l9 through a plurality of primary air inlet apertures 22, and in the form herein shown through a-row of secondary air apertures 23.

It will be understood that what is provided is I of the aperture ID in the stove base member 4.

Any suitable means may be employed for securingthe parts together. I illustrate for example a bottom flange 21, which engages the exteriorof the lower edge of the aperture [0, and a top flange 28, which engages the interior of the upper edge of the aperture Ill. The side elements V 29 of theneck 26 are notched at the bottom, as at 30, to hook over'the-lower edge of the aperture I0. A locking bracket 3|, with any suitable securing screw or bolt 32, is employed to pre vent any unintended displacement of the parts.

35 indicates a cup adapted to hold the supply of liquid fuel burned in the pot. It will be understood that once combustion is inaugurated the fuel in the cup 35 is evaporated by the heat of combustion and receives its primary air supply from the primary air inlets 22. The result is a formation of a primary mixture of air and vaporized hydrocarbon which, when it receives the secondary air supply through the apertures '23, produces a completely combustible mixture, which flows out through the aperture I8a of the flame ring I8 and through the neck 26, and burns with a flame which extends into the base 4 and even up into the chamber I.

The fuel is supplied to the cup 35 through a discharge nozzle 36. The cup is supported by a wire or support 31, having at its upper end a hook 38. This hook 38 may enter an aperture 40 of a valve control plunger 39. The fuel may reach the burner from any suitable source of supply through a pipe 4|, which may communicate with a valve fitting generally indicated as 42. 43

indicates a valve seat fitting, screw threaded as at 44 into the bore of the member 42. It is provided with a conical or beveled seat portion proper 45, and a fuel passage 46. 41 indicates a valve plunger slidable in a sleeve 48, which extends outwardly from the fitting 43 and is provided with oil outlet apertures 49,. 66 is a spring abutment at the end of the member 41, so formed as to ermit free passage of the fuel; is a spring compressed between the abutment 56 and the end of the fitting or member 43. It tends to move the valve plunger 41 to open position.

62 is a fuel gauging valve pin having an inclined surface 62a. The plunger also has an abutment surface 63, opposed to the valve seat 45 of the member 43. When the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 3, the valve is entirely closed, and no fuel passes. When the plunger 41 is moved to the right, referring to the position of the parts in which they are shown in Fig. 3, the valve seat 45 is cleared, and the pin 62, with its inclined surface 62a, serves to meter the fuel.

The member 42 is provided with a screw threaded extension 54, which is seated in a bore of a block generally indicated as 56, and is held in position by any suitable locking nut 56. The extension 64 is vertically slotted, as at 51. Pivoted in the slot 61, as by a pin 58, is the valve control lever 69. Abutting against one side of it is the adjustable screw 60, mounted in the inner end of the plunger 41. Extending from the opposite side of the lever is the pin H, which extends through a slot 62 in the valve control plunger 39.

The valve control plunger is slidable in a hearing sleeve 63, mounted in a vertical bore in the block 55, which intersects the slot 51. It has an enlarged upper external screw threaded head 63a, and a lower screw threaded portion 64, about which is positioned any suitable locknut 65. The sleeve 63 is also slotted, as at 66, in line with the slot 62, and permits the pin 6| to pass therethrough and to have a substantial range of move ment.

The spring 61 tends normally to raise the plunger 39. Its upward movement is limited by the adjustable pin 68, which is adjustable in the plug 69 of the control head 16, rotatable by any suitable handle II. It will be understood that the rotation of the head raises or lowers the pin 68, thus normally urging the spring 61 to allow the plunger 39 to raise as high up as the setting of the pin 63 permits. The spring 5| has the same effect or tendencythat is to say, it thrusts the screw 60 against the lever 69 and that moves the pin 6| as far upwardly at its right end, referring to the parts in the position in which they are shown in Fig. 3, as the slot 62 and the pin 68 will permit.

It will be understood that when the valve is set the oil flowing along the bore 42a of the block 42, and thence down through the nozzle 36, drips into the cup 36. It will be understood that if for any reason the cup 36 receives too much oil and tends to overflow, the increased weight of the cup. plus the oil, is effective to move the plunger 39 downwardly until it has flexed the pin 6| and compressed the spring 6| and moved the valve to shut ofl position, illustrated in Fig. 3.

While this is important as a safety device, it also serves as a modulating control for the fuel,

burns off and the weight is reduced, the valve again moves towards open position.

The above control means is supported on the pot I9 as follows: ,A Y-shaped fitting-generally indicated as I6 is. welded or otherwise secured to the upper side ofthe pot l6, as shown in Fig. 1. The Y extends through any suitable cutaway part of the outer shell 16, as at 16. The Y has one preferably vertical arm 11, into which fits a rounded bottom portion 18 of the block 66. 'The other arm 19 of the Y is provided with a removableplug 80 and serves as an access means, for

- example for lighting the burner. The Y may be as for instance if the valve delivers a little more fuel than can be burned, the increase in the weight of the fuel in the cup 35 tends to move the.

valve towards closin position. And as the fuel surrounded by any suitable surrounding shell or cup 8 I.

It will be realized that, whereas I have described and illustrated a practical and operative device, nevertheless many changes may be made in the size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing from the spirit of my invention. I therefore wish my drawings and description to be taken as in a broad sense illustrative or diagrammatic, rather than as a limitation to my precise showing.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows:

I provide a heater which is adaptable for use with a simple knockdown stove such as shown for example in Fig. 1, and which will burn a wide variety of fuels from crankcase oil to gasoline.

As above described, the burner is a pot type hydroxylating burner in which the final combustion mixture is formed by first mixing vaporized fuel with primary air and then completing the mixture with secondary air and burning the final mixture. The vaporization of the inflowing fuel takes place as a result of combustion already under way. Combustion, however, can readily be initiated by dropping a match or any other readily combustible material into the cup 36 after some fuel has been supplied thereto.

The cup 35 serves not merely as a means for holding the fuel for vaporization, but as a means for controlling the rate of flow of fuel to the burner, and as a safety device for preventing overflow. The cup 35 being suspended on the control plunger 39, the weight of the cup, plus the fuel in it, would tend to move'the plunger 33 down and close the valve by flexing the lower end of the lever 69 to the left, referring to the position 01 the parts in Fig. 3. But one or both of the springs 5| and 67 may be made effective to resist this downward movement entirely when the cup 35 is empty, or has less than a predetermined minimum of fuel in it. As the level of fuel in the cup rises and as the weight therefore increases. the compression to which the springs are subjected progressively increases and may be set to insure a complete closure of the valve before the cup 36 overflows. Thus, if the fire goes out for any reason, the liquid fuel continues to flow until the increasing weight of the cup 36 serves to close the valve.

In addition to this safety feature, the cupis also effective during continuing combustion to move the valve toward closed position in response to an increase in the height of the fuel in the cup, Also, as long as combustion is continuous, the burning of! of part of the fuel in the cup reducesthe weight of the cup and again permits an increased flow of fuel.

The device may be adjusted at several points. The adjustment of the screw 66 and the screw 68 is preferably a matter of factory adjustment. But the user can set the pin 66 for the upward movement of the plunger II and the opening of the valve, by rotating the head II by means of 1. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor, a burner pot having a circumferential wall with a plurality of air inlet apertures therein, an open end and a closed end, a liquid fuel line extending from a fuel source to the pot and terminating in fuel delivering relationship to the pot, a valve in said liquid fuel line, control means for controlling the valve and for thereby varying or setting the rate of fuel flow past the valve to the pot, an open topped valve, and additional means for affecting the position of said valve in response to variations in i the weight of unvaporized liquid fuel, including a plunger, a valve actuating connection between said plunger and said valve, yielding means tending normally to urge said plunger in one direction,

and a fuel vaporizing element connected to said plunger and adapted to receive the liquid fuel delivered to the pot and adapted, in response to variations in the weight of unvaporized fuel in the element, variably to oppose said yielding means. I

3. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor, a burner pot, a fuel line for delivering fuel to said pot, a valve in said fuel line, manually controllable means for setting said valve, and additional means for aifecting the position of said valve in response to variations in the weight of unvaporized liquid fuel, including a plunger, a valve actuating connection between said plunger and said valve, yielding means tending normally, to urge said plunger in one direction, and a fuel vaporizing element connected to said plunger and adapted to receive the liquid fuel delivered to the pot and adapted, in response to variations in the weight of unvaporized fuel in the element,'variably to oppose said yielding means, the manual control means for the valve including means for varying the limit of movement of the plunger in one direction in response to said yielding means.-

4. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor, a burner pot, a fuel line for delivering fuel to said pot, a valve in said fuel line, manually controllable means for setting said valve, and additional means for affecting theposition of said valve in response to variations in the weight of unvaporized liquid fuel, including a plunger, a valve actuating connection, between said plunger and said valve, yielding means tending normally to urge said plunger in one direction, and a fuel vaporizing element connected to said plunger and adapted to receive the liquid fuel delivered; to the pot and adapted, in response to variations in the weight of unvaporized fuel in the element, variably to oppose said yielding means, the valve actuating connection between the plunger and the valve including a lever pivoted adjacent the valve and plunger and having one portion in contact with the valve and another portion in contact with the pllmger.

5. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor, a burner pot, a fuel line for delivering fuel to said pot, a valve in said fuel line, manually controllable means for setting said valve, and additional means for affecting the position of said valve in response to variations in the weight of unvaporized liquid fuel, including a plunger, a valve actuating connection between said plunger and said valve, yielding means tending normally to urge said plunger in one direction, and a fuel vaporizing element connected to said plunger and adapted to receive the liquid fuel delivered to the pot and adapted, in response to variations in the weight of unvaporized fuel in the element, variably to oppose said yielding means, the valve actuating connection betweenthe plunger and the valve including a lever pivoted adjacent the valve and plunger and having one portion in contact with the valve and another portion in contact with'the plunger, and yielding means effective normally to urge the valve as far toward opening position as said lever will permit.

6. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner, a burner pot having a wall provided with a plurality of scattered air inlet apertures circumferentially spaced about the pot and located at various distances from the ends of the pot, a vertically movable liquid fuel vaporizing cup positioned within the pot and spaced from the wall thereof, some of said apertures being located above and some below said cup, a liquid fuel pipe extending from a fuel source toward the pot and terminating in fuel delivering. relationship to the pot, a valve in said liquid fuel pipe,

' manually operative means for varying the setting of the valve and an actuating connection between the valve and the cup adapted to move the valve toward closed position in response to a predetermined weight of liquid fuel in the cup.

7. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner, a burner pot having a wall provided with a plurality of scattered air inlet apertures circumferentially spaced about the pot and located at various distances from the ends of the pot, a vertically movable liquid fuel vaporizing cup positioned within the pot and spaced from the wall thereof, some of said apertures being located above and some below said cup, a liquid fuel pipe extending from a fuel source toward the pot and terminating in fuel delivering relationship to the pot, a valve in said liquid fuel pipe, manually operative means for varying the setting of the valve and an actuating connection between the valve and the cup adapted to move the valve toward closed position in response to a predetermined weight of liquid fuel in the cup and yielding means tending normally to urge the valve toward open position, i

8. In combination, in a liquid fuel heater, a chamber, a generally horizontally axised burner pot havingan open end, in communication with the interior .of said chamber, said pot having a wall provided with a plurality of scattered air inlet apertures circumferentially spaced about the pot and locatedat various distances from the open end of the pot, a liquid fuel vaporizing cup posilocated above and some below said cup, a liquid fuel pipe extending from a fuel source toward the pot and terminating in a fuel delivering nozzle aligned with said cup, a valve in said liquid fuel pipe and means for varying the position of said valve in response to variations in the volume of liquid fuel in said cull 9. In combination, in a liquid fuel heater, an open ended pot having a wall provided with a plurality of scattered air inlet apertures circumferentially spaced about the pot and located at various distances from the ends of the pot, a liquid fuel vaporizing cup positioned within the pot and spaced from the wall thereof, some of the apertures of the not being located above and some below the cup, a liquid fuel pipe extending from a fuel source toward the pot and terminating in a fuel delivering nozzle aligned with the cup, valve means in the liquid fuel pipe and means for varying the position of the valve means in response to variations of the volume of the liquid fuel in the cup.

10. In combination, in a liquid fuel heater, a chamber, a generally horizontally axised burner pot having an open end, in communication with the interior of said chamber, said pot having a wall provided with a plurality of scattered air inlet apertures circumferentially spaced about the pot and located at various distances from the open end of the pot, a liquid fuel vaporizing cup positioned within the pot and spaced from the wall thereof, some of theapertures of the pot being located above and some below said cup. a liquid fuel pipe extending from a fuel source toward the pot and terminating in a fuel delivering nozzle aligned with said cup, a valve in said liquid fuel pipe and means for varying the position of said valve in response to variations in the volume of liquid fuel in said cup and additional manually operable means for varying the position of said valve.

11. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor, an open ended burner pot having a wall with a plurality of air inlet apertures therein spaced circumferentially around the pot and located at various distances from the ends of the pot, a fuel vaporizing cup movably mounted in said pot and located intermediate the ends of the pot and above some of said air inlet apertures and below others, a fuel duct adapted to feed fuel to the interior of said cup, and means for varying-the rate of flow of the fuel along said duct and to said cup in response to changes in the weight of the unvaporized fuel in the cup;

12. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and 4 asozoao around the pot and located at various distances from the ends of the pot, a fuel vaporizing cup movably mounted in said pot and located-intermediate the ends of the pot and above some of said air inlet apertures and below others, a fuel duct adapted to feed fuel to the interior of said cup, and means for varying the rate of flow of fuel along said duct and to said cup in response to changes in the weight of the unvaporized fuel in the cup. v

13. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor, an open ended burner pot having a wall with a plurality of air inlet apertures therein spaced circumferentially around the pot and locatedat various distances from the ends of the pot, a fuel vaporizing'cup movably mounted in said pot and located intermediate the ends of the pot and above some of said air inlet apertures and below others, a fuel duct adapted to feed fuel to the interiorv of said cup, and means for varying the rate of flow of the fuel along said duct and to said cup in response to changes in the weight of the unvaporized fuel in the cup, said duct being out of contact with said cup and having a delivery end located above said cup.

14. In combination, in a liquid fuel burner and control means therefor, a burner pot having a circumferential wall with a plurality of air inlet apertures at various levels therein, an open end and a closed end, a liquid fuel line extending from I a fuel source to the pot and terminating in fuel delivering relationship to the pot, a valve in said liquid fuel line, control means for controlling the valve and for thereby varying or setting the rate of fuel flow past the valve to the pot, an open topped movable fuel vaporizing cup in the pot and surrounded by said circumferential wall and closed end, positioned to receive liquid fuel from said fuel line, and means movable with said cup for moving the valve toward closed position in response to an increase in the volume of liquid fuel in the cup, said cup being located intermediate the highest and lowest air inlet apertures of said circumferential wall, the fuel within said cup being directly exposed to the radiant heat of combustion taking place within the pot, the exterior of said cup being also subjected directly to the radiant heat of combustion taking place within the pot and being of heat conducting material and adapted to conduct heat to the fuel within the cup.

JAMES L. BREESE.

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