US2374186A - Extrusion controlled water-stop expansion joint - Google Patents

Description

Patented Apr. 24, 1945 EXTRUSION CONTROLLED WATER-STOP EXPANSION JOINT Albert C. Fischer, Chicago, Ill.

Application March 4, 1941, Serial No. 381,745

11 Claims.

use in weather-proofing the spaces left between constituent members of masonry structures for the expansion of such members under changing atmospheric temperatures; and particularly expansion joints which, in addition to the joint proper, or core of plastic material that fills the said expansion space and yields, by deformation, to pressure of the expanding members of the masonry structure, adds to its structural organization, an apron-like water-stop of inherent tensional integrity, with its margins hermetically anchored in the masonry members so that it will be held across the joint and particularly across any spaces that open between said masonry members and the core of the joint, during p ture contraction of the members; and with the anchoring connections between the apron and masonry members fashioned to permit of lost motion without losing the hermetic nature of the anchorage in case of excessive tension on the apron; and with the apron constituted by either an independent mass of non flowing resilient material extending from one masonry member through the core to the other masonry member, or by anchoring wings carried by and hermetically united to or integral with and having their continuity (in producing the water stop) established by a horizontally alined intermediate portion of the core.

One important identifying characteristic of the present invention resides in the fact that instead of using sheet metal and incurring the disadvantages accruing from the use of a mass of water stop, as an adjunct of a plastic expansion joint, the invention avails of the important advantages occurring from the use of a mass of elastic or resiliently deformable material, or some tens'ionally strong compound of bituminous or asphaltic material with the advantages, among others, that the seepage moisture controlling unit is free from the impairing influence of corrosion; its eifective field of functioning is localized within vertically narrower limits; it remains in more effective resistance to surface water and water from the base of the joint; it i well adapted for multiplication of units at any desired vertically spaced levels of the joint; and it is better protected against impairment by shearing action resultin from relative movement between the masonry members in a direction perpendicu ar to the plane of the members.

Another important identifying characteristic of the invention resides in the fact that extrusion of cold flow plastic material is an incident to the normal functioning of the invention only in a minor degree or not at all. Some embodiments of the invention either do or may exclude cold flow bituminous materials as constituents of their cores or those embodiments which do use such material may use it in such minor proportions that the material, while displaced under compression of the expanding masonry members, does not leave the confines of the joint but finds accommodation in spaces provided by the cement matrices sur-' rounding temporarily compressed wings or absorbed by the fibrous layers of the core temporarily compressed by pressure of the displaced cold flow mastic layer or layers or by the masonry acting upon the several layers. As conducive to these functions the fibrous, sponge-rubber or other compressible layers, while preferably water proofed with rubberized mastic, such waterproofing is limited to surface coating held to the core by shallow infiltration and their pores or spaces are so protected from obliteration whether said pores are the normal pores of a sponge structure or are in individual fibers or between such fibers, that the wings or layers characterized by their presence will yield to pressure without causing textrusion of cold flow constituents of the 30111 Another identifying characteristic of some forms of the invention resides in the cooperation of the tensionally strong waterstop union of the wings with the core and the hermetic anchorage of the wings of the apron in the masonry whereby tension through the apron upon the core and especially resilient layers of the core, expands the core during retraction of the masonry and infiuences return of cold flow material, in a measurable degree, to its original status in the Joint;

Other identifying characteristics and especially those arising from the employment of certain materials for the production of the nonextruding water-stop expansion joint will appear as the description proceeds in detail.

In the accompanying drawing are shown in sectional perspective, six different constructions of waterstop expansion joints comprising expansion cores carrying elastic apron-forming anchor-- ing wings in accordance with the present invencore is three-told and consists of two outer layersv of plastic material and an intermediate compressible layer of fibrous material;

Figure 2 shows an embodimentemploying a shells of metal having an elastic filler of plastic rubberized bituminous material.

Figure 4 shows an embodiment employing an inherently resilient single layer core, homogeneous as to constituency (for instance cork, cork rubber,

resin cork, or the like) and having the elastic (sponge rubber, for instance), wings mortised into.

tension transmitting relation to the core.

Figure 5 shows an embodiment in which an asphaltic middle layer is housed between two pro- Y tective rubberized bituminous outer layers; the elastic solid rubber or sponge rubber waterstop wings being mortised through said rubberized outer layers and countersunk into and united in tension transmitting relation to the body or middle layer.

Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the invention which, except for its coating, admits of homogeneity and integrality of material for substantially the whole joint, for instance, sponge rubber', rubberized bitumen or other water-insoluble deformable materials thatare non-flowing 'or do not take on a permanent set when displaced by compression or distension.

Referring to the drawing more in detail, A, in Figure 1, represents the middle layer of a threefold core of an expansion joint; which said layer is understood to be made of matted, felted or otherwise assembled fibers or subdivisions of organic, metallic or animal substance, having form retaining mass integrity with or without internal binding substance and with a jacket of any suitable waterproofing material and preferably with its internal pores or spaces unfilled or vacant to a degree that leaves the mass highly compressible. B, B, represents layers of bituminous material united to said middle layer with a degree of integrity that admits of the transmission of substantial stresses of tension from one side of the resultant core to the other; and C represents anchoring wings of resiliently deformable material,

preferably sponge rubber, mounted upon opposite faces of said core, preferably by adhesion through means of vulcanization, cementing or otherwise to the outer layers B of said core; these anchoring wings being so located upon the core A, B that when said core is introduced as a dividing confine in a mold used in the Production of cement pavements (for instance) and cement is poured against the opposite faces of said core not only will the said core define the expansion space between the masonry members M, but the wings C will become embedded and hermetically anchored in the said masonry members; any two of the wings that are in horizontal alinement together with a portion of the core lying between them, will constitute a watershedding apron or waterstop extending from one of the poured masonry members, across the vertical plane in which said member meets the contiguous face of the corey across the horizontal area of the core; and-across the plane of meeting between the opposite 'f-ace of said core andv the other of said masonry members. In short, the said masonry members-"li'dg'only one of which is shown in Fig. 1, will hold a resiliently deformable apron in position across any crack or space that could possibly place.

open up between the Joint and either masonry member. I

The shape of the wings (dovetail or other tapering form) and that of the matrices formed about them is such that the hermetic character of the anchorage continues throughout the functioning of the joint, as will hereinafter appear. The integrality of the anchoring wings and the core or integrity of the union between them will be such as to enable the apron to resist a substantial degree of tension developed in the apron by contraction of the masonry members. This tensional resistance however, will be a yielding resistance afforded by inherent resiliency or at least elongation of the apron structure as a whole; moreover, provision is made for lost motion between the anchoring wings and the masonry members through means of the tapering section of wings and the corresponding convergence of the walls of the matrices cast about the wings, which enables each wing by accepting transverse compression, to slide toward the mouth of its confining matrix a the masonry member draws away. The angle of the faces of the wing and matrix to the axis of contraction movement being well beyond the slipping angle, the initial relation of these parts is automatically resumed under return movement of the masonry member due to thermal expansion. ,An important functional characteristic of an anchorage involving the tapered form of wing and matrix is that the hermetic seal of the joint is maintained notwithstanding the described relative movements between the parts.

According to Figure 2, the, core member of the joint consists of a body B of fibers, felted, matted or otherwise collected in a form having mass integrity and bound by some degree of adhesive binder but without saturation or other pore filling characteristic; and preferably having a waterproofing coat of bituminous, asphaltic or lik material mounted thereon through means of shallow infiltration into surface pores of the mass and therefore capable of partaking of deformation imparted to said mass by forces such as compression received directly from the masonry members and tension received from the same source but through the medium of anchoring wings C. The wings in this instance are of sponge rubber and they are mortised into the core by undercut grooves and dovetailed tongues and cemented in The coating on this compressible core, especially at the upper end will be such as to enable the end to assume a position in the surface of the pavement. Or said end may, in accordance with the known expedient, terminate a sufficient distance short of the surface of the pavement, to admit a filler strip of core-material to take up the erosion of traific. With a core of this kind,

resumption of initial condition, or space filling dimension will be greatly assisted by tension imparted through the wings, from the contracting masonry sections.

In Figure 3 the core is three ply as in Figure l but the layers of core-forming materials are, a

middle layer B of bituminous material housed between and cemented to two waterproofed fiber layers, A A and the anchoring wings C2 are in the nature of shells of metal, hard rubber, vulcanite or what not, having permanently retained fillings CZX of plastic rubberized bitumen or other sluggishly deformable adhesive material. In this case the filling CIX forms a part of the apron v since it adheres to the sides of the waterproofed and when the concrete retracts the shells 02 will withdraw with it, but the filling will be-drawn out without leaving its adhesion to the fiber and there will not be left any crack through which moisture may pass. In this case, instead of the sponge rubber wing stretching as a whole in maintaining the moisture dam, the filling alonedraws out. When conditions are reversed and the concrete expands and thrusts the shell toward the core, the filling will flow largely back into the shell, but partly into any space temporarily existing between the core and the masonry.

Thus the joint, made to include reservoir of crack-healing material and a shell such as indite grity. The invention contemplates mate or layers of pufled or bloated fibers, or fibers otherwise enlarged to render the mass more. highly compressible, or absorbtive or otherwise more appropriate to the functions to be performed.

This application constitutes a continuation in part of my application Serial No. 260 443. filed March 7, 1939, Patent No. 2,253,513, August 26, 1941.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the present invention contemplates the use of rubber wings as both molds for matrices and waterstops or seals for preventing seepage of moisture into In Figure 4, the cold flow mastic is omitted and the core comprises a single body A4 of cork ground to small pieces and bound together for instance, as in cork rubber or resin cork, while anchoring wings C3 are united to said core by mortised joints; the union between the core and the wings being such that the wings, under retraction of the masonry members with which the joint is used, will receive and transmit across the joint stresses of tension that hold the apron distended in waterstop relation to the joint as described in connection with Figure 1.

Figure 5 employs for the core, a. slab-like body of asphaltic mastic B5 of rather greater thickness than the asphaltic portion of previously described embodiments, and this body is faced on either side with relatively thinner layer A5 made of rubberized bituminous material that carry the spongerubber anchoring and waterstop forming wings C5, having rubberized bituminous coatings D5 that become embedded with said wings in the cement when the latter is poured. In this construction, forces of compression are transmitted from the masonry, directly to the facing layers A5 and thence to the mastic body B5 and indirectly thereto through the anchoring wings that are embedded in the masonry on the one hand andunited to the facing layers on the other hand. Hence, while there will be some extrusion of the asphalt mastic B5, at the road surface, due to pressure of the masonry under thermal expansion and while the volume of the mastic extruded will be suflicient to mushroom over the initially exposed edges of the core layers, this volume will be less and. waste will be less where compression is absorbed in a substantial degree .by resiliently compressible spongy wing or like materials.

I Some embodiments of the present invention may therefore be regarded as low extrusion? waterstop expansion joints and other embodiments constitute non-extruding waterstop expansion ,joints.

core construction as herein described may be any 7 0 of numerous fabricated products available on the market, such as wall board, insulating sheets and the like, or fibrous or sub-dividedorganic or inorganic materials suitably felted, matted or otherwise aggregated into slab-like bodies of mass inspaces that develop between the'cores and the masonry. Moreover these wings being of rubber and in tension transmitting union with faces of the cores as well as in tension transmitting an chorage upon the masonry members. may, under their inherent elasticity move with the section of masonry away from the core'while still leaving their ends that are united with the core, in water shedding relation to the core, thus stretching the apron-like water shed o long as the masonry is in contraction. This stretching of the wings leaves spaces for the reception of displaced cold flow mastic thus reducing the quantity of mastic that extrudes from the joint.

Where, as illustrated in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 6 cores made partly or wholly of fiber board, have in hermetic union with them, wings made of sponge rubber and having dovetailed form, matrices form around these wings when the masonry sections are poured; and when the masonry contracts tension imposed upon the wing at the matrix opposed by the core at the point of union therewith, stretches the wings lengthwise sufflcie'ntly to leave recesses around the wings, in the matrices, But the union of a wing at the core and the embrace of the wing in the matrix both remain hermetic so that separation of the masonry from the core as much as an eighth of an inch would not impair the ffect of the waterstop, nor would the apron be prevented from recovering its normal position as soon as the masonry again expanded.

Where the wings are made of shells having fillings of rubberized asphalt, compression under expansion of masonry and consequent flow of the mastic constituent of the core displaces the rubberized asphalt filler and makes room for itself in the joint; and this would be effective also if the shells of the wings were thin metal as well as solid rubber. And so with any shell embedded in the concrete and having fillings of rubberized asphalt.

An important advantage of using shells containing flowable elastic, adhesive and stretchable material such as rubberized asphalt, as distinguished from solid wings of rubber, arises from the effect of flowing the rubberized filler out against and causing it to adhere to the confines of the space that develops from the separation of the masonry and the fiber core and, thereby introducing a still 'more effective apron. Such an expedient has the effect of establishing a reservoir of apron-forming waterproofing material on either side of the core; and any tendency of the surfaces to pull apart is compensated or by the blanket-like apron that immediately orms and waterseals the gap.

A formula for a filler suitable for use in automatically setting up a waterstop under circumstances such as just described, is bituminous material having rubber compounded therewith by materially in excess of the rubber;

But I may use a cork and rubber joint material,

or cork-joint material, or a resin-cork material and place on eitherside thereof, waterstop strips made preferably out of sponge rubber but which could also be formed from a rubberized bituminous material. Any synthetic rubber materials such as neoprene or other recently devised compounds could be used, the elasticity of which, when the joint space is contracted, would enable them to stretch across the space left between the core or joint proper and the masonry walls; the body of the material being imbedded tightly in recesses in the walls and the free portions thereof being adhered to.the core and thus keeping the joint closed against passage of any water beyond the resultant waterstop.

Or, I may use as an asphaltic mass or mixture of a bituminous nature and subject to cold-flow, any of the products now on the market; and I the wingand caused to increased its apron effect when the wingis drawn away from the core.

2. A waterstop expansion joint for yieldingly sonry poured against said core; said wing, when may coat thi mass of bituminous material and stiffen the same with fibrous matter of various sizes of subdivision and in various proportions; and in order to increase its elasticity coat the layers of the compound (without destroying their porosity), with rubberized bituminous composition of high degree of rubber qualities, and having high adhesive affinity for the walls of concrete. The layers so treatedwould be placed intermediate of pairs of waterstop seal-forming wings fabricated out of sponge rubber or other suitable elastic material and would take care of most of the bituminous material in case of escape either by pressing against the sponge rubber or oozing out of the top of the crevice, but upon contraction'there would be an elongation of the waterstop strips which would keep any the wing extensions on the side fabricated in key formation would act as waterstops on either side; upon contraction the wings will elongate and keep the crevice waterproof; and they would work back'to normal position upon expansion.

I claim:

1. A waterstop expansion joint for yieldingly filling and for waterproofing the expansion space subjected to forces of tension combined with tenslon resisting force of the core, being drawn into a waterproofing apron over the space lateraltothe core.

3. An expansion joint as described in claim 2 when the shell'of the wing is formed of nonflowing resiliently deformable material.

4. An expansionjoint as described in claim 2 in which the shell of the wing is made of solid rubber adapted to yieldingly retain its form.

5. In combination, sections of masonry having an expansion space between them; a waterstop expansion joint comprising a core adapted to yieldingly fill said expansion space and waterproof the same; an apron-forming wing comprising a resiliently deformable shell containing a filler comprising an adhesive cold-flowing mastic mass extending-from the shell and in tension transmitting union with a face of said core; the shell of said wing having anchorage in one of the masonrysections; said anchorage comprising a matrix in which the shell of said wing hermetically fits and which said matrix has a reduced opening along'one'side toward which its side walls converge and through which the filler of the wing extends in establishing it union with the core; and said wing shell by its deformation transversely between said converging side walls, being permitted'toslide and so afford lost motion to compensate excessive tensional strains upon the wmg.

6. A waterstop expansion joint as described in claim '1 wherein the. fibrous material and the bituminous material are in the form of layers with the layer of '.cold flow bituminous material and the resiliently deformable wing in the relations described in said claim being duplicated on opposite s'ides of the core and with the layer of fibrous material disposed between the layers of cold flow bituminous material.

7,. In combination, sections ofmasonry having an expansion space between them, a waterstop between two sections of masonry, said expansion joint comprising a core that includes in its constituency compressible and distendable fibrous material and a body of bituminous material that flows cold under compression of the core and a resiliently deformable wing having a direct union with said body of bituminous material and mounted in a position relatively to the core that causes the wing to receive through its said union, pressure from the cold flowing bituminous material expansion joint in said space embodying in its construction a cushioning body formed of compressible and distendable fibrous material and a body of cold-flowing bituminous material that is subjected to compression'and displacement by the masonry sections when said sections expand; and a resiliently deformable wing having a union directly with said bituminous material; said wing being confined in a matrix in one of the sections of masonry and presented thereby in position to receive, through its said union, pressure of cold 9. In combination, sections of masonry having between them a space into which they expand; a waterstop expansion joint comprising a core of cold flowing mastic material and at least one layer of compressible and distendable porous fibrous material yieldingly filling said space, and a wing united in tension transmitting relation to said core; one of the masonry sections-having a matrix in which said wing is embedded and at least a portion of said wing being constructed of transmitting relation to said core; one of the masonry sections having a matrix in which said wing is embedded and at least a portion of said wing being constructed of resiliently deformable material capable of yielding to pressure of the cold flow material caused to flow toward said wing by pressure imposed by expansion of the masonry sections, said wing comprising a shell embraced by the section of masonry, and a filling Within said shell of readily distendable plastic material united with the core of the expansion joint, and the shell being held by the section of masonry in position to release said filling to form part of the apron-like waterstop.

11. In combination, sections of masonry having an expansion space between them, a waterstop expansion joint in said space comprisin a core embodying in its construction a cushioning body formed of compressible and distendable fibrous material and a body of cold flowing bituminous material that is subjected to compression and displacement by the masonry sections when said sections expand, and a resiliently deformable wing being confined in a matrix in one of the sections of masonry and presented thereby in position to receive pressure from said core, said core comprising two inherently resiliently outer slabs of.

subdivided organic matter with an intervenin slab of bituminous matter, and the wings being hollowand containing fillings of highly adhesive cold flow material adhered to the outer layers of the core.

ALBERT C. FISCHER.

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