US2431386A - Water-stop expansion joint - Google Patents

Description

WATER-STOP zxrmsxou JOINT Filed April 24, 1945 wangmoonn 2 man nous UNFILLED BITUMINOUS mean. PORILS MATERIEL UNFn-LED UNFILLED UATERPROOFED A WATERPROOFED 1 mnsnc, com-now I V ASPHALI'IC 2 g RUMER B mAs'rlc a E RESIN mm A5 A5 Russzmzeo IN VEN TOR.

ALBERT FSCHERQ BY ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 25, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WATER-STOP EXPANSION JOINT Albert C. Fischer, Chicago, Ill.

Application April 24, 1945, Serial No. 590,009

12 Claims.

1 This invention relates to expansion joints for use in weather-proofing the spaces left between constituent members of masonry structures for .the expansion of such members under changing sional integrity, with its margins hermetically,

anchored in the masonry members so that it will be held across the joint and particularly across any spaces that open between said masonry members and the core of the joint, during temperature contraction of the members; and with the anchoring connections between the apron and masonry members fashioned to permit of lost motion without losing the hermetic nature of the anchorage in case of excessive tension on the apron; and with the apron constituted by either an independent mass of non-flowing resilient material extending from one masonry member through the core to the other masonry member, or by anchoring wings carried by and hermetically united to or integral with and having their continuity (in producing the water-stop) established by a horizontally alined intermediate portion of the core.

One important identifying characteristic of the present invention resides in the fact that instead of using sheet metal andincurring the disadvantages inherent therein for the production of a water-stop, as an adjunct of a plastic expansion joint, the invention avails of the important advantages accruing from the use of a mass of elastic or resiliently deformable material, or some tensionally strong compound of bituminous or asphaltic material with the advantages, among others, that the seepage moisture controlling unit is free from the impairing influence of corrosion; its effective field of functioning is localized within vertically narrower limits; it remains in more efl'ective resistance to surface water and water from the base of the joint; it is well adapted for multiplication of units at any desired vertically spaced levels of the joint; and it is better protected against impairment by shearing action resulting from relative movement between the masonry members in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the members.

The expansion joints in accordance with the present invention also utilize as parts thereof,

I either in the core portions or the water-stop portions, a rubberized bituminous material characterized by a high degree of disten'dability, compressibility, recuperative power, adhesiveness and ability to maintain bond at subfreezing temperatures as low as 15 F. on account of its tacky texture. This material is a rubberized bituminous composition which may be compounded of different ingredients and in diflerent quantities, in

dependence upon the specific applications in which the same may be used.

By way of illustration, and not by wayof limitation, the new rubberized bituminous material having the properties above identified may be composed of the following ingredients:-

Per cent Reclaimed rubber 17.5 (12 to 20.0) Hydro-carbon oil 3.8 (1 to 10.0) Polymerized coumarone Synthetic rubber (Buna S) 4.7 (2 to 10.0) Oil (S. V. superior base) 20.0 (13 to 23.0) Resin 7.5 (2 to 12.0) Asphalt (having a melting point between from about 90 to 180 F.) 45.0 (40 to 50.0)

The S. V. superior base oil in the above formula has the following characteristics:

Baum gravity 12.9 Flash point TL. 500 Pour poin F 25 Fire tes F 590 Viscosity, Saybolt Universal at Fahrenheit,

280 seconds Color Dark red commodation in spaces provided by the cement 7 matrices surrounding temporarily compressed wings or absorbed by the fibrous layers of the core temporarily compressed by pressure of .the displaced cold fiow mastic layer .or layers or by the masonry acting upon the several layers. As conducive to these functions the fibrous, sponge-rubher or other compressible layers, while preferably water-proofed with rubberized mastic, such weterproofing is limited to surface coating held to the core by shallow infiltration and their pores or spaces are so protected from obliteration whether said pores are the normal pores of a sponge structure or are in individual fibers or between such fibers, that the wings or layers characterized by their presence will yield to pressure without causing extrusion of cold fiow constituents of the joint.

Another identifying characteristic of some forms of the invention resides in the cooperation of the tensionally strong waterstop union of the wings with the core and the hermetic anchorage of the wings of the apron in the masonry whereby tension through the apron upon the core and especially resilient layers of the core, expands the core during retraction of the masonry and influences return of cold flow material, in a measurable degree, to its original status in the joint.

Other identifying characteristics and especial- 1y those arising from the employment of certain materials for the production of the nonextruding water-stop expansion joint will appear as the description proceeds in detail.

In the accompanying drawing are shown in sectional perspective, six different constructions of water-stop expansion joints comprising expansion cores carrying elastic apron-forming anchoring wings in accordancewith the present invention,- which are adapted to be embedded in masonry sections as shown generally in Fig. 1, to-wit:

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment in which the core is three-fold and consists of two outer layers of plastic material and an intermediate compressible layer of fibrous material;

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment employing a single layer compressible core made of fibrous material;

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment employing a three layer core consisting of a middle layer of cold flow plastic material housed between two compressible outer layers of fibrous material that carry apron-forming wings made of dovetailed shells of metal having an elastic filler of plastic rubberized bituminous material;

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment employing an inherently resilient single layer core, homogeneous as to constituency (for instance, cork, cork rubber, resin cork, or the like) and having the elastic (sponge rubber, for instance) wings mortised into tension transmitting'relation to the core;

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which an asphaltic middle layer is housed between two protective rubberized bituminous outer layers to which are attached water-stops of sponge rubber or rubberized bituminous material; and

Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the invention geneity and integrality of material for substantially the whole joint, for instance, sponge rubber, rubberized bitumen or other Water-insoluble deformable materials that are non-flowing or do not take on a permanent set when displaced by compression or distension.

Referring to the drawings more in detail, A, in Fig. 1, represents the middle layer of a threefold core of an expansion joint; which said layer is understood to be made of matted, felted or otherwise assembled fibers or subdivisions of organic, metallic or animal substance, having form retaining mass integrity with or without internal binding substance and with a jacket of any suitable waterproofing material and preferably with its internal pores or spaces unfilled or vacant to a degree that leaves the mas highly compressible.

B, B represents layers of bituminous material united to said middle layer with a degree of integrity that admits of the transmission of sub- 5 stantial stresses of tension from one side of the resultant core to the other; and C represents anchoring wings of resiliently deformable material, ior example, sponge rubber, mounted upon opposite faces of said core, preferably by adhesion through means of vulcanization, cementing or otherwise to the outer layers B of said core; these anchoring wings being so located upon the core A, B that when said core is introduced as a dividing confine in a mold used in the roduction of cement pavements (for instance) and cement is poured against the opposite faces of said core not only will the said core define the expansion space .between the masonry members, but the wings C will become embedded and hermetically anchored in the said masonry members; and two of the wings that are in horizontal alinement together with a portion of the core lying between them, will constitute a watershedding apron or Waterstop extending from one of the poured masonry members, across the vertical plane in which said member meets the contiguous face of the core; across the horizontal area of the core; and across the plane of meeting between the opposite face of said core and the other of said masonry members. In short, the said masonry members which are poured against the opposite faces of the expansion joint core will hold a resiliently deformable apron in position across any crack or .space that could possibly open up between the joint and either masonry member. The anchoring wings C may be formed of rubberized bituminous material prepared in accordance with the disclosures in the above-mentioned applications, which become engaged adhesively to the layers B of the core and become adhesively embedded in the matrices of the masonry sections.

The shape of the wings (dovetail or other tapering form), and that of the matrices formed about them is such that the hermetic character of the anchorage continues throughout the functioning of the joint, as will hereinafter appear.

The integrality of the anchoring wings and the core or integrity of the union between-them will be such as to enable the apron to resist a sub- 50 stantial degree of tension developed in the apron by contraction of the masonry members. This tensional resistance, however, will be a yielding resistance afforded by inherent resiliency or at least elongation of the apron structure as a whole;

55 moreover, provision is made for lost motion between the anchoring wings and the masonry members through means of the tapering section of wings and the corresponding convergent z of the walls of the matrices cast about the wings, which enables each wing by accepting transverse compression, to slide toward the mouth of its confining matrix as the masonry member draws away. The angle of the faces of the wing and matrix to the axis of contraction movement being well beyond the slipping angle, the initial relation of these parts is automatically resumed under return movement of the masonry member due to thermal expansion. An important functional characteristlc of an anchorage involving the tapered form of wing and matrix is that the hermetic seal of the joint is maintained notwithstanding the described relative movements between the parts.

According to Fig. 2, the core member of the joint consists of a body A of fibers, felted, matted or otherwise collected in a form having mass integrity and bound by some degree of adhesive binder but without saturation or other pore filling characteristic; and preferably .having a water proofing coat of bituminous, asphaltic or like material mounted thereon through means of shallow infiltration into surface pores of the mass and therefore capable of partaking of deformation int-- relation, to the joint as described in connection they are mortised into the core by undercut grooves and dovetailed tongues and cemented in place. The coating on thiswcompressible core, especially at the upper end will be such as to enable the end to assume a position in the surface of the pavement. Or said end may, in accordance with the known expedient, terminate a sufiicient distance short of the surface of the pavement, to admit a filler strip of core-material to take up the erosion of trafiic. With a core of this kind, resumption of initial condition, or space filling dimension will be greatly assisted by tension imparted through the wings, from the contracting masonry sections.

In Fig. 3 the core is three ply as in Fig.1, but the layers of core-forming materials are, a middle layer B of bituminous material housed between and cemented to two waterproofed fiber layers A A; and the anchoring wings C are in the nature of shells of metal, hard rubber, vulcanite or what not, having permanently retained fillings C of plastic rubberized bitumen Or other sluggishly deformable adhesive material. In this case the filling 0 X forms a part of the apron since it adheres, to the sides of the waterproofed fibrous layers A under pressure of the concrete, and when the concrete retracts the shells C will withdraw with it, but the filling will be drawn out without leaving its adhesion to the fiber and there will not be left any crack through which moisture may pass. In this case, instead of the sponge rubber wing stretching as a whole in maintaining the moisture dam, the filling alone draws out. When conditions are reversed and the concrete expands and thrusts the shell toward the core, the

filling will flow largely back into the shell, but" partly into any space temporarily existing between the core and the masonry.

Thus the joint, made to include reservoirs of crack-healing material and a shell such as indicated at C borne by the masonry and containing a sealing or healing mastic capable of flowing and with an adhesive affinity for the surface of the core at the mouth of the shell will, under the alternations of compression and retraction of the masonry, gradually ooze from the reservoir and maintain a seal at any space that may develop between the masonry and the core; and this function can be made to obtain even though the coldflow mastic presented by the layer B should become dissipated, or is omitted from the organization of the joint altogether.

In Fig. 4, the cold-flow mastic is omitted and the core comprises a single body A of cork ground to small pieces and bound together for instance, as

' in cork rubber or resin cork, while anchoring wings C are united to said core by mortised joints; the union between the core and the wings being such that the wings, under retraction of the masonry members with which the joint is used, will with Fig. 1. The anchoring wings C 'may be formed of sponge rubber or rubberized bituminous material of the type disclosed'in the above applications.

Fig. 5 employs for the core a slab-like body of asphaltic mastic B of rather greater thickness than the asphaltic portion of previously described embodiments, and this body isfaced on either side with relatively thinner layers A made of rubberized bituminous material that carry the anchoring and water-stop formin wings C. When these wings are formed of sponge rubber, they may be used to space the adhesive layers A when these are superposed in stacks prior to utilization. These wings of sponge rubber may also be covered with rubberized bituminous coatings D that become embedded with said wings Hence, while there will be some extrusion of the asphalt mastic B at the road surface, due to pressure of the masonry under thermal expansion and while'the volume of the mastic extruded will be suflicient to "mushroom" over the initially exposed edges of the core layers, this volume will be less and waste will be less where compression is absorbed in a substantial degree by resiliently compressible spongy wings or like materials. Some embodiments of the present invention may therefore be regarded as low extrusion waterstop expansion joints and other embodiments constitute non-extruding water-stop expansion joints.

The non-bituminous layers entering into the core construction as herein described may be any of numerous fabricated products available on the market, such as wall board, insulating sheets and the like, or fibrous or subdivided organic orinorganic materials suitably felted, matted or otherwise aggregated into slab-like bodies of mass integrity. The invention contemplates mats or layers of puffed or bloated fibers, or fibers otherwise enlarged to render the mass more highly compressible, or absorbtive or otherwise more appropriate to the functions to be performed.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the present invention contemplates the use of wings of rubber or rubberized bituminous material as both molds for matrices and water-stops or seals for preventing seepage of moisture into spaces that develop between the cores and the masonry. Moreover, these wings being in tension transmitting .union with faces of the cores as well as in tension transmitting anchorage upon the masonry members, may, under their inherent elasticity, move with the section of masonry away from the core while still leaving their endsthat are united with the core, in water-shedding relation to the core, thus stretching the apron-like watershed so long as the masonry is in contraction. This stretching of the wings leaves spaces for the reception of displaced cold-flow mastic thus reducing the quantity of mastic that extrudes from the joint.

Where, as illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 6, cores made partly or wholly of fiber board, have in hermetic union with them, wings made of sponge rubber or rubberized bituminous material and having dovetailed form, matrices form around these wings when the masonry sections are poured; and when the masonry contracts tension imposed upon the wing at the matrix opposed by the core at the point of union therewith, stretches the wings lengthwise sufficiently to leave recesses around the wings, in the matrices. But the union of a wing at the core and the embrace of the wing in the matrix both remain hermetic so that separation of the masonry from the core as much as an eighth of an inch would not impair the eifect of the water-stop, nor would the apron be prevented from recovering its normal position as soon as the masonry again expanded.

Where the wings are made of shells having fillings of rubberized asphalt, compression under expansion of masonry and consequent flow of the mastic constituent of the core displaces the rubberized asphalt filler and makes room for itself in the joint; and this would be effective also if the shells of the wings were thin metal as well as solid rubber; and the same is true with any shell embedded in the concrete and having fillings of rubberized asphalt.

An important advantage of using shells containing fiowable elastic, adhesive and stretchable material such as rubberized asphalt, as distinguished from solid wings of rubber, arises from the effect of flowing the rubberized filler out against and causing it to adhere to the confines oi the space that develops from the separation of the masonry and the fiber core and thereby inlayers of the compound, (without destroying their porosity), with rubberized bituminous composition of high degree of rubber qualities, and having high adhesive affinity for the walls of concrete. The layers so treated would be placed intermediate ofpairs of water-stop seal-forming wings fabricated out of sponge rubber or other suitable elastic material and would take care of most of the bituminous material in case of escape either by pressing against the sponge rubber or oozing out of the top of the crevice, but upon contraction there would be an elongation of the water-stop strips which would keep any crevice which might develop closed and prevent infiltration of moisture. The rubberized bituminous material on the sides of the joint would facilitate such action.

I have also shown that a complete joint may be fabricated from sponge rubber or like elastic materials; for instance, rubberized bituminous material, and with water-stops forming integral parts of the main body. This type of construction would be more expensive because of the price of the ingredients necessary to fabricate it, but the wingextensions on the side fabricated in key formation would act as waterstops on either side; upon contraction the wings will elongate and keep the crevice waterproof; and they would work back to normal position upon expansion.

troducing a still more effective apron. Such an expedient has the'efiect of establishing a reservoir of apron-forming waterproofing material on either side of the core; and any tendency of the surfaces to pull apart is compensated for by the blanket-like apron that immediately forms and waterseals the gap.

A formula for a filler suitable for use in automatically settin up a water-stop under circumstances such as just described, is bitumlnous material having rubber compounded therewith by solvent action; the bituminous material being materially in excess of the rubber. Specific formulas for the rubberized bituminous composition are set forth above'in the introduction to the specification.

But I may use a cork and rubber joint material, or cork-joint material, or a resin-cork material and place on either side thereof, water-stop strips made preferably out of sponge rubber but which could also be formed from a rubberized bituminous material. Any synthetic rubber materials such as neoprene or other recently devised compounds could be used, the elasticity of which, when the joint space is contracted, would enable them to stretch across the space left between the core or joint proper and the masonry walls; the

body of the material bein imbedded tightly in recesses in the walls and the free portions thereof being adhered to the core and thus keeping the joint closed against passage of any water beyond the resultant water-stop.

Or, I may use as an asphaltic mass or mixture of a bituminous nature and subject to cold-flow, any of the products now on the market; and I may coat this mass of bituminous material and stiffen the same. with fibrous matter of various sizes of subdivision and in various proportions; and in order to increase its elasticity coat the This case is a continuation-in-part of my application Serial No. 381,745, filed March 4, 1941 and issued April 24, 1945, as Patent No. 2,374,187.

I claim:

1. In combination, sections of masonry having between them a space into which they expand and a water-stop expansion joint comprising a. core filling said space and having a face of rubberized bituminous material characterized by a high degree of distensibility and adhesive power, said rubberized bituminous material comprising Per cent Rubber-like hydrocarbons 14 to 30 Asphaltic hydrocarbons 40 to 50 Hydrocarbon oil 14 to 33 Resinous compounds 3 to 18 and a wing in hermetic tension transmitting union with said one face of said core and extending therefrom into and having hermetic tension transmitting anchorage in one of said sections of masonry: said core and the wing united thereto constituting a water-stop apron preventing seepage of water into said space.

2. The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein said wing is formed of sponge rubber,

3. The combination set forth in claim 1 Wherein said wing is formed of rubberized bituminous material similar to said face.

4. The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein the core includes in its construction cold flow- .ing mastic material; and the wing is made of compressible material and is exposed to pressure of said mastic material when the latter is under pressure of the expanding sections of masonry.

5. The combination set forth in claim 1 wherein the wing in effecting its hermetic anchorage to the section of masonry is confined in a matrix of the masonry, said matrix has a mouth toward which its sides converge and through which the wing extends in establishing its union with the core, and the said wing, by its compression between said converging sides and without losing the hermetic nature of its anchorage, is permitted to slide in said matrix and afiord lost motion to relieve excessive tension upon the wing.

6. In combination, sections of masonry having between them a space into which they expand and a water-stop expansion joint comprising a core filling said space formed of rubberized bituminous material characterized by a high degree of distensibility-and adhesive power, said rubberized bituminous material comprising Per cent Rubber-like hydrocarbons 14 to 30 Asphaltic hydrocarbons 40 to 50 Hydrocarbon oil 14 to 33 Resinous compounds 3 to 18 drocarbons, 13 to 20% of oil having a viscosity of about 280 seconds, Saybolt Universal at 110 F. and a pour point at about 25 F., 1 to 17% resin, and 40 to 50% asphalt hydrocarbons having a melting point above 90 F., and being adhesively bondable to the 'masonry sections, said composition being characterized by a high degree of distensibility and adhesiveness whereby the composition is deformable without shearing in response to the relative movement of said sections and capable of maintaining said adhesive bond with the sections at sub-freezing temperatures.

8. A water-stop expansion joint for bridging the space between and adhesively bonded with the adjacent ends of masonry sections comprising a rubberized asphalt composition containing about 12 to 20% rubber hydrocarbons, 40 to asphalt, 13 to 20% of hydrocarbons having a melting point above 90 F., and hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity of about 280 seconds, Saybolt Universal at 110 F. and a pour point at about 25 F., 1 to 17% resin, and 40 0t 50% asphalt, said composition being characterized by a high degree of distensibility and adhesiveness whereby the composition is deformable without shearing in response to the relative movement of said sections and capable of maintaining said adhesive bond with the sections at sub-freezing temperatures.

9. A water-stop expansion joint for sealing the space between the adjacent ends of masonry sections comprising a body having on opposite sides a rubberized asphalt composition containing about 12 to 20% rubber hydrocarbons, 13 to 20% of oil having a viscosity of about 280 seconds, Saybolt Universal at 110 F. and a pour point at about 25 F., 1 to 17% resin, and 40 to 50% asphalt hydrocarbons having a melting point above 90 F., and being adhesively bondable to the masonry sections, said composition being 10 characterized by a high degree of distensibility and adhesiveness whereby the composition is deformable without shearing in response to the relative movement of said sections and capable of maintaining said adhesive bond with the sections at sub-freezing temperatures.

10. A water-stop expansion joint for sealing the space between the adjacent ends of masonry sections comprising a body having on opposite sides a rubberized asphalt composition containing about 12 to 20% rubber hydrocarbons, 40 to 50% asphalt hydrocarbons having a melting point above F., and 13 to 20% of hydrocarbon oil having a viscosity of about 280 seconds, Saybolt Universal at F. and a pour point at about 25 F., 1 to 17% resin, and 40 to 50% asphalt, said composition being characterized by a high degree of distensibility and adhesiveness whereby the composition is deformable without shearing in response to the relative movement of said sections and capable of maintaining said adhesive bond with the sections at sub-freezing temperatures.

11. A water-stop expansion joint composition for sealing the space between the adjacent ends of masonry sections comprising a rubberized asphalt composition containing 12 to 20% rubber hydrocarbons, 13 to 20% of oil having a viscosity of about 280 seconds, Saybolt Universal at 110 F. and a pour point at about 25 F., 1 to 17% resin, and 40 to 50% asphalt hydrocarbons having a melting point above 90 F., and being adhesively bondable to the walls of the space between the masonry sections, said composition being characterized by being sluggishly deformable in response to relative movement of the masonry tween the sections.

ALBERT C. FISCHER.

' REFERENCES CITED The following references are 01' record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,221,431 Omansky NOV. 12, 1940 2,334,183 Fischer Nov. 16, 1943 2,339,556 Greenup Jan. 18, 1944 2,374,186 Fischer Apr. 24, 1945

Images