US2366556A - High-frequency apparatus - Google Patents

High-frequency apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2366556A
US2366556A US385437A US38543741A US2366556A US 2366556 A US2366556 A US 2366556A US 385437 A US385437 A US 385437A US 38543741 A US38543741 A US 38543741A US 2366556 A US2366556 A US 2366556A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrons
cathode
electron
parts
gaps
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US385437A
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English (en)
Inventor
John P Blewett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US321746A external-priority patent/US2366555A/en
Priority to US337043A priority Critical patent/US2246121A/en
Priority to DEA6792D priority patent/DE919485C/de
Priority to GB2861/41A priority patent/GB548346A/en
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US385437A priority patent/US2366556A/en
Priority to DEA9167D priority patent/DE930887C/de
Priority to FR874605D priority patent/FR874605A/fr
Priority to FR877643D priority patent/FR877643A/fr
Priority to BE446568D priority patent/BE446568A/xx
Priority to BE447875D priority patent/BE447875A/xx
Publication of US2366556A publication Critical patent/US2366556A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/78—Tubes with electron stream modulated by deflection in a resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to other conversion effects at frequencies so high that electron transit time considerations play a controlling part in the operation. of .theapparatus.
  • the invention representsan application of the so-called velocity modulation principles,. which are described in- U. S, Patent 2,220,839, granted November 5,1940, in the :name. of W. C. Hahn.
  • Hahn has employed an elongatedtbeam tuhe of the-cathode my type for prqducingthe. effects desired
  • the present invention utilizes .a structurein which the electron beam is caused to traverse a more or less helical. path,.thus realizing agreater degree of compactness as well as various operational advantages which will be explaine in the following.
  • Fig. 1 represents a diagrammatic perspective view of, an apparatus suitably embodying-the invention
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are partialse'ctional views respectively takenon lines 22 and 34.
  • Figs. 4 to 6 are diagrammaticrepresentationsuseful in explaining the invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an evacuated envelope I which encloses anelongated linear cathode, consisting, for example, of an activated metal filament.
  • the emissive portion or the cathode is limited to the region between the points'e and 1,. although this is byfno means an essential condition.
  • the cathoderan Surrounding the. cathoderan extending improvementsin elec-g, tronic apparatus for obtainingamplification and generally.
  • eoaxia ymthit there is provided a high frequ cy. electrode. system. including a series or mutuall gseparatedcylindrical parts [2. to It. thefunction. of is described in detail in thel'nllowing.
  • electrode 113 for producing an axialfleldadante'd to causethe electrons to move axially along theelectrode-system in the directionof thebiaber-numhered electrodes. If dered further potentials may be applied totheotherelectrodes' of thesystem (i. e'. theelectrode ll, I5 and i B.) to increase this axial motion, .but satisfactory-Dperation of the apparatus will .be obtained if. all these parts are at a common potential .witnthe electrode.
  • a direct currentsource suchas'a battery '20 may be employed tomaintainthepotential relationships. referredto.
  • B. may.- betaken .to represent .theapath, or an-electron lwhose velocity corresponds to average. or .nnmbdulated velocity of :an.-eleetr0n-..stream of. "which it forms a .part.
  • the point --0 is considered torepresent a region in which the stream is subjected .to a high irequency. modulating potential. electron which paesev-.fl el ma nsfaeenwd is h Ph which maybe. eikcited'in any desired. fashion from V smaller orbit as indicated potential gradients.
  • decelerated electrons seek being indicated at b and b'..
  • thei eby may bev expected to follow a path of somewhat greater radius than the path B, such enlarged path being represented, for example, by the dot-dash line C.
  • decelerated electrons will describe a by thedotted' linel). Theoretical analysis shows, however, that each electron will require precisely traverse its orbit and return to the Moreover, it is found point 0.
  • Fig. 5 shows the wayin which the considerations discussed above are affected by the presence of a component of axial velocity in the electron stream motion.
  • the solid line E represents the projected'path of a hellcally moving electron of average velocity
  • the dotted lines F and G respectively show (in side projection) the lines followed by electrons which are respectively accelerated and decelerated' by the effect of modulating potentials applied as the va ious electrons traverse the region occupied by the line-0.
  • each electron will pass through the point 0 along a line.
  • substantially of the beam characterized by a high degree of "charge density modulation, that is, cyclical variation of elec-'- the same time to therefore besaid that at j density modulation of the beam is negligible.
  • this effect- may be still further inthe action of acircularly movdiagrammatically in Fig. 6, which 'may be taken I to show the conditions occurring at various points around the orbit of an electron stream which is caused to traverse a modulating gap
  • Fig. 6 which 'may be taken I to show the conditions occurring at various points around the orbit of an electron stream which is caused to traverse a modulating gap
  • thefrequency the gap is such that eight variation occur during the time required for a single electron to traverse its orbit.
  • the solid dots a may be taken to represent individual electrons, and considered in the aggregate, they show the condition of the beam at a particular instantoftime.
  • the structure. 'It may be observed in the first and repetitively traverse the said interelectrode.
  • modulating means arranged to operate in the beam as it passes the region c-c'.
  • Such modulating means should, of'course, be correlated to the means acting at the point'n in order to assure that the.
  • the electron stream may be collected by means of an appropriately positioned anode 26.
  • the electrodes l2, l4 and 16 are provided with flanged extensions 21 which overlap the interelectrode gaps and prevent egress of electrons.
  • Functionally similar flanges 28 are provided in connection with the longitudinally extending gaps which exist between the respective parts of the electrodes
  • the combination which includes a generally linear cathode, means for producing radial motion of electrons emitted from said cathode and for converting such radial motion into orbital motion about the cathode, means positioned at a first region along the axis of the cathode for producing cyclically 'variable potential gradients which act at least partially tangentially to the orbital path of the electrons thereby to develop variations in the orbital velocities of the erectrons as they traverse such region, means for producing axial progression of theorbitally moving electrons along the cathode, and energy-abstracting means including .an output circuit arranged to be affected by the of the stream. 7
  • the combination which includes a generally linear cathode, means for producing radial motion of electrons emitted from said cathode and for converting such radial motion into orbital motion about the oathode, spaced conducting parts defining a relatively elongated gap which xtends parallel to the oathode in proximity to the outer boundary of the orbitally moving electron stream, means for applying a high frequency voltage between the said conductive parts to vary the orbital velocity of the electrons in accordance with the variations of the potential gradients thus established across the said gap, means for producing axial progression of the orbitally moving electrons along the cathode, another pair of spaced conducting parts defining a second gap which extends generally parallel to the first gap and in a region which is displaced therefrom in a direction along the axis ,of progression of the stream and circuit means connected between the second named pair of conance with the variations which exist in the electron stream upon its traversal of the said second p- I 3.
  • thecombination which includes an elongated cathode, an electrode system including at least two aligned tubular electrode structures coaxial with the cathode, said two structures being each axially divided into two mutually spaced parts having gaps between them, a field-producing system for causing radial motion of electrons emitted from the cathode and for converting said radial motion into axially progressive orbital motion along a path having the cathode as its central axis, an input circuit for applying a, high frequency voltage between the parts of one of the said divided struck tures, thereby to-develop variations in the orbital velocities of the electrons as they traverse the gaps between such parts, and an output circuit connected between the parts of th other substructures coaxially surrounding the cathode, at

Landscapes

  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US385437A 1940-03-01 1941-03-27 High-frequency apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2366556A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US337043A US2246121A (en) 1940-03-01 1940-05-24 High frequency apparatus
DEA6792D DE919485C (de) 1940-03-01 1941-02-16 Anordnung zur Ausuebung eines Verfahrens zum Betrieb von Laufzeitroehren
GB2861/41A GB548346A (en) 1940-03-01 1941-03-03 Improvements in high frequency electron discharge apparatus
US385437A US2366556A (en) 1940-03-01 1941-03-27 High-frequency apparatus
DEA9167D DE930887C (de) 1940-03-01 1941-04-26 Anordnung zur Ausuebung eines Verfahrens zum Betrieb von Laufzeitroehren
FR874605D FR874605A (fr) 1940-03-01 1941-07-25 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs à décharge utilisés à des fréquences très élevées
FR877643D FR877643A (fr) 1940-03-01 1941-12-10 Perfectionnements aux tubes électroniques à modulation de vitesse
BE446568D BE446568A (sh) 1940-03-01 1942-07-24
BE447875D BE447875A (sh) 1940-03-01 1942-11-08

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US321746A US2366555A (en) 1940-03-01 1940-03-01 High-frequency apparatus
US385437A US2366556A (en) 1940-03-01 1941-03-27 High-frequency apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2366556A true US2366556A (en) 1945-01-02

Family

ID=26983113

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US385437A Expired - Lifetime US2366556A (en) 1940-03-01 1941-03-27 High-frequency apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2366556A (sh)
BE (2) BE446568A (sh)
DE (1) DE919485C (sh)
FR (2) FR874605A (sh)
GB (1) GB548346A (sh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3233182A (en) * 1958-05-28 1966-02-01 Zenith Radio Corp Parametric electronic signal amplifying methods and apparatus

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE967231C (de) * 1940-10-22 1957-10-24 Pintsch Bamag Ag Einrichtung zum Anfachen (Erzeugen, Verstaerken oder Empfangen) ultrakurzer elektrischer Wellen, insbesondere des Dezimeter- oder Zentimeterwellengebietes
US2435601A (en) * 1942-12-31 1948-02-10 Gen Electric Phase modulation system
US2752523A (en) * 1951-05-15 1956-06-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE428305A (sh) * 1937-05-29

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3233182A (en) * 1958-05-28 1966-02-01 Zenith Radio Corp Parametric electronic signal amplifying methods and apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE447875A (sh) 1942-12-31
DE919485C (de) 1954-10-25
FR874605A (fr) 1942-08-13
BE446568A (sh) 1942-08-31
FR877643A (fr) 1942-12-11
GB548346A (en) 1942-10-07

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