US234618A - Jules saecia - Google Patents

Description

(Model.)

J. SARUIA.

Electric Light-Burner.-

Patented Nov. 16, I880.

'l'vwvwxcv WWW/Mam JULES SAROIA, OF NEl/V YORK, N. Y.-

ELECTRIC-LIGHT BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 234,618, dated November 16, 1880.

I Application filed August 21, 1880. (Model) To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JULEs SAROIA, a citizen of France, residing at the city of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Electric Lights, of which the following is a specification.

This invention consists in the combination, in an electric light, of two burners or candles, each composed of a core of iron and ofa sheath of magnesia, or of a core of magnesia and of a sheath of iron, said sheaths being made to embrace the cores, and the sheath of one candle being detached from that of the other candle, while at the same time the quantity of iron and magnesia used for each candle is selected ac' cording to the law of chemical equivalents, so that in exposing the candles to alternating electric currents ferrite of magnesium is formed at the working ends of both candles, and the ferrite of magnesium thus formcdis alternately deposited on the end of one and then on the end of the other candle, and thereby the diminution of the candle is reduced to a minimum; also, in a burner or candle for an electric light, composed of a core of iron and a sheath of magnesia, or of a core of magnesia and a sheath of iron, the sheaths being made to embrace the cores uniformly throughout their whole length, and the quantity of iron and magnesia used for such candle being selected according to the law of chemical equivalents.

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal central section of the burner or candle. Fig. 2 is a cross-section thereof. Fig. 3 shows two burners or candles arranged for use in proximity to each other.

Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.

The letters A B designate two electrodes or burners, both consisting of a core, 1, of iron, and a shell, 2, of magnesia, surrounding the iron core. The form of construction of my burner or candle which 1 have preferred is shown in Fig. 1, and it may be compared to an ordinary stearine candle in which the wick would be replaced by an iron core andthe stearine by the magnesia.

In making a horizontal section, X X, Fig. 1, it is seen that the relative weights of the iron and the magnesia have been chosen according to the law of chemical equivalents, so that their combination will produce ferrite of magnesia without any part of one body or the other being wasted. To give consistency to the magnesia the same is formed into a paste with a solution in water ofoxychloride of magnesium, and then it is compressed by strong pressure about the iron core by means of a mold.

Instead of making the core of iron and the sheaths of magnesia the core may be made of magnesia and the sheath of iron without changing the effect; hutin all cases the connections are made to the iron, and the proportion of iron and magnesia used is according to the chemical equivalentsthat is to say, 27.18 pounds of iron are used, 20.69 pounds of magnesia.

The candle thus constructed, used in any regulator with a dynamo-electric machine of alternating currents, possesses the following properties A and B, Fig. 3, are the two points across which passes the electric arc. The current employed being alternating, the two points A and B successively serve as a positive pole, and the change of poles takes place at very short intervals. Under the influence of the heat developed by the electric current the iron and magnesia combine and form ferrite of magnesia, and the high temperature to which this body is subjected produces an electric are an alogous to that which is formed by particles of carbon when the latter is used for the electric light. The current thus causes the electrolyzation of the ferrite of magnesia in transporting the base (magnesia) to the positive pole and the metal (iron) to the negative pole.

Taking A as the positive pole, the magnesia set free comes in contact with the iron at the positive pole A, with which it combines, formin g ferrite of magnesia. In reality the positive pole A gains magnesia and loses iron. The iron set free comes into contact with the magnesia at the negative pole B, and combines with it to form ferrite of magnesia. Immediately after the electrolyzation changes, since the current is alternating, and B becomes the positive pole. It then gains magnesia in losing iron, and A gains iron in losing magnesia, which re-establishes the original condition of the poles.

In the above analysis of the electrolyzation the details of the intermediate phenomena to which it gives rise are not entered into. Only the final result of the electrolyzation is noticed, which can be ascertained, since the current successively removes and replaces on each pole the same solid particles, for which reason these poles, theoretically, do not wear out.

The transferment of particles during the electrolyzation does not occur without the escape mechanically of some particles which constitute the electric are; but the loss resulting therefrom is very small, and does not exceed one-half inch per hour. My electric candle is thus very durable.

A voltaic are produced by carbon points incloses particles of carbon at a reddish-white heat, which combine with the oxygen of the surrounding air to form carbonic oxide and carbonic acid, two gaseous bodies which are set free. The consumption of the two poles is incessant. It may be compared to the consumption of fuel in an ordinary furnace. YVith my electric candle, on the contrary, the current continually carries from one pole to the other the same solid particles, none of which can become disengaged in a gaseous form in contact with the surrounding air. The consumption of these poles is thus theoretically nothing.

The preceding phenomena will occur With any metal and any base when the combination of these two bodies will not introduce into the electric arc particles capable of forming a gaseous compound with the oxygen of the air.

The particular candle (iron and magnesia) which I have described is only a particular application of the general principle on which these phenomena are based and which has just been set forth, and of which I claim to be the discoverer.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, in an electric light, of two burners or candles, each composed of a core of iron and of a sheath of magnesia, or of a core of magnesia and of a sheath of iron, said sheaths being made to embrace the cores, and the sheath of one candle being entirely detached from that of the other candle, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein shown and described.

2. As anew article of manufacture, aburner or candle for an electric light composed of a core of iron and a sheath of magnesia, or of a core of magnesia and a sheath of iron, the sheaths being made to embrace the cores unii'orinly throughout their whole length, and the quantity of iron and magnesia used for each candle being selected according to the law of chemical equivalents, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JULES SARCIA. [L. s.]

\Vitnesses:

ALBERT REYNAUD, GrrARLEs N HARRIs.

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