US211262A - Improvement in carbons for electric lights - Google Patents
Improvement in carbons for electric lights Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US211262A US211262A US211262DA US211262A US 211262 A US211262 A US 211262A US 211262D A US211262D A US 211262DA US 211262 A US211262 A US 211262A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- lamp
- electric
- pencil
- globe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 76
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 74
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940006546 Albon Drugs 0.000 description 4
- ZZORFUFYDOWNEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfadimethoxine Chemical compound COC1=NC(OC)=CC(NS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=N1 ZZORFUFYDOWNEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000007173 Abies balsamea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000002399 Aphthous Stomatitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004857 Balsam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015912 Impatiens biflora Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000018716 Impatiens biflora Species 0.000 description 2
- 101710028361 MARVELD2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 240000003936 Plumbago auriculata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940036248 Turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940092738 beeswax Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atoms Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002335 preservative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
- H01K3/02—Manufacture of incandescent bodies
Definitions
- Our invention is, first, of a novel process of preparing the illuminating part of an electric lamp, consisting of electrically heating the same while it is surrounded by a carbon liquid; secondly, 'of a new article of manufacture, consisting of an improved illuminatingconductor for electric lamps, composed of consolidated carbon created by electric action; thirdly, of a novel process of preparing the illuminating part of an electric lamp, consisting of first heating the same by means of the electric current whileimmersed in a carbon liquid, and of subsequently, when the globe containing it ischarged with nitrogen gas, and before the flow of such gas through the lamp has ceased, and before the lamp isfinally sealed, heating its illuminating part by means of the electric current to drive out impurities or occluded gases.
- the lamp becomes inoperative, also, for the additional reason that the carbon gas being deposited leaves the hydrogen, in which the pencil is soon consumed; but the carbon prepared by our process before it is put in the lamp does not blacken the inner surface of the globe of a lampcharged with nitrogen when heated by the current to drive out occult gases during the ingress and egress of the nitrogen, because in that case there is no carbon gas present,
- the consolidated homogeneous carbon of our invention may be produced by the electroplating process, as well as by the electrical heating of a conductor in a carbon gas or liquid.
- the cathode composed either of solid carbon or of an illfusible refractory substance, coated with plumbago or graphite, is immersed in a carbon liquid and connected with one pole of the battery.
- the other pole of the battery is connected with the anode, composed of solid carbon, also immersed in the liquid.
- the passage of the current decomposes the liquid and deposits a homogeneous layer of carbon-upon the cathode.
- Theherein-described method of preparing the illuminating part of an electric lamp consisting in first obtaining a solid deposit of carbon by electric action before it is put in, the lamp, as set forth, and subsequently, when the globe containing it is charged with nitrogen gas, before the flow of the nitrogen through the lamp has ceased, and before the lamp is finally sealed, heating the illuminating part by means of the electric current, in order to expel impurities and occluded gases.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
Description
UNITE character of nearly all obtainable carbon.
WILLIAM E SAvVYER, OF NEW YORK, AND ALBON MAN, OB BROOKLYN, N. Y.
IMPROVEMENT'IN CARBONS FOR EL ECTRIC LIGHTS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 211,262, dated January 7, 187 9; application filed October 15, 1878. a
To all whom "it may concern Beit known that we, l/VILLIAM EDWARD SAWYER, of the city, county, and State of New York, and ALBON MAN, of Brooklyn, county'of Kings, and State aforesaid, have jointly invented certain Improvements in Carbons for Electric Lights; and we do hereby declarethe following to'be a description of the same, and of the manner and process of making, constructing, and using them, in such full, clear, concise, and exactterms as will enable any person skilled. in the arts or science to which it appertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make, construct, and use the same, reference being had to certain Letters Patent of the'United States heretofore granted to us for certain inventions hereunto appertaining, and to which especial reference will hereinafter be made.
Our invention is, first, of a novel process of preparing the illuminating part of an electric lamp, consisting of electrically heating the same while it is surrounded by a carbon liquid; secondly, 'of a new article of manufacture, consisting of an improved illuminatingconductor for electric lamps, composed of consolidated carbon created by electric action; thirdly, of a novel process of preparing the illuminating part of an electric lamp, consisting of first heating the same by means of the electric current whileimmersed in a carbon liquid, and of subsequently, when the globe containing it ischarged with nitrogen gas, and before the flow of such gas through the lamp has ceased, and before the lamp isfinally sealed, heating its illuminating part by means of the electric current to drive out impurities or occluded gases.
' In Letters Patent of the United States No. 205,144, granted to us, we have shown and described an electric lamp in which a pencil of carbon is heated to incandescence in a nitrogen or other carbon preservative atmosphere. One ofthe principal obstacles to successful electric lighting by incandescence is the dissociated In most of such carbon there is danger of fracture as well as of the establishment of the voltaic arc; and, furthermore, the carbon, unless specially prepared by our process, naturally occludes sufficient air or oxygen to render its.
consumption amere question of time, since, as
mo geneity. hard and dense, because in the first place tric lighting by'the voltaicarc is naturally produced in gas-retort-s; but generally the rods of carbon used in the regulator-lamps,
so called, are molded from the powdered ma-' terial. Neither the on e nor the other quality of carbon is suitable for electric lighting by incandescence. In both there is alack of 110- The pencil is not sufficiently the heat required to produce the proper character of carbonis as high as 7 ,000 Fahrenheit, and such a temperature is not obtainable in the retort, and in the second place the mechanical subdivisions of the material and the pressure necessary to produce the perfect articleare practically unattainable. Oar-bons of the ordinary sort, when heated by the electric current, exhibit points and lines of unequal brilliancy. Oarbons prepared by our process, when so heated, glow with a uniform brilliancy throughout.
We have found that a pencil of carbon immersed in a hydrocarbon liquid,and heated to an extremely high temperature by the voltaic current, is not itself attacked, but decomposes the surrounding matter, the carbon of which enters and fills up its pores to an extentimpossible except with matter in a very attenuated state, and deposits a perfectlyhomogeneous layer, generally of a bright-gray color, upon the exterior surface. As the carto maintain its temperature, and if the current is gradually increased, in accordance with the demand for it, there is appearingly no limit to the increase in mass of the homogeneous exterior deposit. Carbon pencils may be cut from this deposit, or the original pencil with its coating may be used in the lamps.
In this process it would seem that the carbon is never in contact with the liquid in which it is immersed, but surrounded by a carbonic gas of a very high temperature.
N aphtha, turpentine, bees-wax, balsam, and most oils, if pure, operate satisfactorily. Almost any hydrocarbon, in fact, will answer.
We do not confine ourselves to the treatment of carbon alone, since it is obvious that many infusible substances non-conductors of electricity may be heated in hydrocarbon liquids so as to render them conductors of electricity-as, for instance, a tube of lime inclosing a pencil of carbon, through which the electric current is caused to circulate.
In the Letters Patent hereinbefore referred to we have described a method of charging a sealed globe with pure nitrogen gas. We will suppose that the pencil of carbon, held between two carbon pieces of greater mass than that of the pencil, as shown in the said Letters Patent, is "immersed in the hydrocarbon liquid and heated in the. manner already described. Being then cleansed in alcohol, the pencil and its holders, without having been disturbed, are placed in the globe, in which they are to be hermetically sealed. The globe is charged with pure nitrogen, and then, while still allowing pure nitrogen to flow into and out of the globe, we heat the carbon to incandescence, thus driving out all impurities and occluded gases, which are carried out of the lamp by the current of nitrogen. With this operation the preparation of the carbon is completed, and the lamp, now being hermetically sealed, as described in the Letters Patent referred to, is ready for use.
In concluding this description we will point out that the preparation and treatment of the carbon must take place in carbon liquid before it is put in the lamp, for if the carbon pencilbe put in the globe of the lamp and hydrocarbon gas be present, part of the deposit resulting from its decomposition adheres to the globe of the lamp, makingit black, and if the process be long continued the globe becomes so thickly coated as to obstruct the light absolutely; and that part of the carbon deposited upon the pencil-burner, or part of it, at least, instead of uniting with, consolidating, and purifying the pencil, collects in a sooty mass around its upper part, like a thief 011 the wick of a tallow candle, the effect of which is to greatly impair the light and to practically destroy the lamp. The lamp becomes inoperative, also, for the additional reason that the carbon gas being deposited leaves the hydrogen, in which the pencil is soon consumed; but the carbon prepared by our process before it is put in the lamp does not blacken the inner surface of the globe of a lampcharged with nitrogen when heated by the current to drive out occult gases during the ingress and egress of the nitrogen, because in that case there is no carbon gas present,
.and, of course, no deposit; and we desire, also,
to point out the fact that the consolidated homogeneous carbon of our invention may be produced by the electroplating process, as well as by the electrical heating of a conductor in a carbon gas or liquid. The cathode, composed either of solid carbon or of an illfusible refractory substance, coated with plumbago or graphite, is immersed in a carbon liquid and connected with one pole of the battery. The other pole of the battery is connected with the anode, composed of solid carbon, also immersed in the liquid. The passage of the current decomposes the liquid and deposits a homogeneous layer of carbon-upon the cathode.
We do not intend to lay any claim to the treatment of a carbon burner after it is made and placed in the globe or illuminating chamber of the lamp, nor as amere incident of the operation of the lamp as a part of the invention making the subject-matter of this application. We disclaim the treatment of the carbon in that way; but
What We do claim herein as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
1. The method of preparing carbon to be used in the production of electric light, consisting of electrically heating it while surrounded or saturated with or by a carbon liquid.
2. Theherein-described method of preparing the illuminating part of an electric lamp, consisting in first obtaining a solid deposit of carbon by electric action before it is put in, the lamp, as set forth, and subsequently, when the globe containing it is charged with nitrogen gas, before the flow of the nitrogen through the lamp has ceased, and before the lamp is finally sealed, heating the illuminating part by means of the electric current, in order to expel impurities and occluded gases.
WILLIAM. EDWARD SAWYER. ALBON MAN. Witnesses:
AMos-BRoADNAX, THoMAsSAULr.
l 1 i l
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US211262A true US211262A (en) | 1879-01-07 |
Family
ID=2280669
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US211262D Expired - Lifetime US211262A (en) | Improvement in carbons for electric lights |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US211262A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2865268A (en) * | 1956-10-08 | 1958-12-23 | Adryl W Gardner | Mixing apparatus |
US5157879A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1992-10-27 | Fletcher Engineering, Inc. | Broadhead arrow sharpener |
US20050154030A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-07-14 | Microban Products Company | Antimicrobial composition |
US20050284065A1 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-12-29 | Shaffer Roy E | Faced fibrous insulation |
US10603758B1 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2020-03-31 | Moog Inc. | Method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for deburring |
-
0
- US US211262D patent/US211262A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2865268A (en) * | 1956-10-08 | 1958-12-23 | Adryl W Gardner | Mixing apparatus |
US5157879A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1992-10-27 | Fletcher Engineering, Inc. | Broadhead arrow sharpener |
US20050154030A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-07-14 | Microban Products Company | Antimicrobial composition |
US20050284065A1 (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-12-29 | Shaffer Roy E | Faced fibrous insulation |
US10603758B1 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2020-03-31 | Moog Inc. | Method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for deburring |
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