US945504A - Metallic filament for incandescent lamps. - Google Patents
Metallic filament for incandescent lamps. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US945504A US945504A US44903108A US1908449031A US945504A US 945504 A US945504 A US 945504A US 44903108 A US44903108 A US 44903108A US 1908449031 A US1908449031 A US 1908449031A US 945504 A US945504 A US 945504A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vapors
- incandescent lamps
- pyrogallol
- metallic filament
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- GPUADMRJQVPIAS-QCVDVZFFSA-M cerivastatin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].COCC1=C(C(C)C)N=C(C(C)C)C(\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 GPUADMRJQVPIAS-QCVDVZFFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/54—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
- C23C16/545—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating for coating elongated substrates
Definitions
- This invention has reference to improvements in process of producing metallic filaments for incandescent electric lamps. It pertains to the production of such filaments in which a refractory coating is produced in 'vacuo onan inner conducting core, said coating being formed by decomposing vapors of salts by means of the electric current.
- a refractory coating is produced in 'vacuo onan inner conducting core, said coating being formed by decomposing vapors of salts by means of the electric current.
- carbon in statu nascendi, acts'as a cementing means for a refractory coating just forming and while in the incandescent state. Probably chromium carbid is formed. Pyrogallol further acts as a reducing agent as pointed out further below.
- the vapors within the receiver'are removed and hydrogen gas is introduced in the usual manner and the refractory filament electrically heated whereby the coating or the deposition is reduced to metal.
- the conductive core when consisting for instance ofsilver, may be volatilized.
- Thisv substance takes up the oxygen of the metal oxids of which the refractory coating is primarily composed whereby a partial reduction to metal is effected.
- the coating has been produced as described the ,ex- 1 pors of a salt of a highly refractory metal in the presence of vapors of pyrogallol reducing thus the vapors of the salt to oxid, and finally reducing theoxid to metal in an atmosphere of hydrogen.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES I PATENT OFFICE.
CARL FARKAS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF 'IO HERMAN J. JAEGER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND ONE-HALF TO CHARLEST. JAEGER, F BROOKLYN, NEW
YORK.
I 945,504. Specification of Letters Patent. 110 Drawing.
METALLIC FILAMENT FOR INCANDESCENT LAMPS.
Patented Jan. 4, 1910.
Application filed August 18, 1908. Serial No. 449,031.
, To all whom it may concern:
- dent of New Be it known that I, CARL FARKAS, a citi-- zen-of the Kin dom of Hungary, and a resiork, in the county and State of New York, have invented certa in new and useful Improvements in Metallic Filaments for Incandescent Lamps, of which the following is a specification.
This invention has reference to improvements in process of producing metallic filaments for incandescent electric lamps. It pertains to the production of such filaments in which a refractory coating is produced in 'vacuo onan inner conducting core, said coating being formed by decomposing vapors of salts by means of the electric current. For the purpose of effecting a rather quick decomposition of the salts for instance chlorid of chromium, I introduce simultaneously with such vapors or imme-,
diately thereafter some vapors of pyrogallol.
In .carrying the invention intov effect I substantially proceed as follows: A fin'e conducting core is placed between the clamps of a support to which current may be supplied. The support and conducting core are placed into one of'the well known receivers of glass from which the air is then exhausted. Now the vapors of chlorid of chromium, for instance, are introduced and preferably simultaneously therewith some vapors of pyrogallol. 3 By heating electrically the conducting core the vapors within the receiver are decomposed and a refractory coating produced thereon in a quick manner by virtue of the presence of the vapors of pyrogallol which latter is an organic substance and when its vapors are decomposed atomistic carbon is formed. The
carbon, in statu nascendi, acts'as a cementing means for a refractory coating just forming and while in the incandescent state. Probably chromium carbid is formed. Pyrogallol further acts as a reducing agent as pointed out further below. When the coatmg has thus been produced the vapors within the receiver'are removed and hydrogen gas is introduced in the usual manner and the refractory filament electrically heated whereby the coating or the deposition is reduced to metal. If desired the conductive core, when consisting for instance ofsilver, may be volatilized.
or carrying the above described process into effect the mixture of the vapors of chlorid of chromium and pyrogallol may have various proportions. The large bulk is certainly vapor of chlorid of chromium mixed with some vapors of pyrogallol for instance'of the first 93% per volume may be allowed to enter the receiver mixed with 7% of the latter The vacuum in the receiver, which at the start is about or slightly above 29 inches, willbe reduced bythe introduction of the vapors to about 20 inches. As to the action of the pyrogallol vapors it need hardly be mentioned that same is a great reducing agent and absorbs oxygen in considerable quantities. Thisv substance takes up the oxygen of the metal oxids of which the refractory coating is primarily composed whereby a partial reduction to metal is effected. When the coating has been produced as described the ,ex- 1 pors of a salt of a highly refractory metal in the presence of vapors of pyrogallol reducing thus the vapors of the salt to oxid, and finally reducing theoxid to metal in an atmosphere of hydrogen.
2. In a process of producing metallic filaments for incandescent'electrm lamps produced by forming a highly. refractory coating on a conducting core, the cementing of said coating and artial reduction of same to metal by simu taneously decomposing by the action of the electric current vapors of pyrogallol and completing the reduction in an atmosphere of hydro en.
Signed at New York, N. Y., this -1 th day LUDWIG K. Bonn, j HENRY BRADY.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44903108A US945504A (en) | 1908-08-18 | 1908-08-18 | Metallic filament for incandescent lamps. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44903108A US945504A (en) | 1908-08-18 | 1908-08-18 | Metallic filament for incandescent lamps. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US945504A true US945504A (en) | 1910-01-04 |
Family
ID=3013925
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44903108A Expired - Lifetime US945504A (en) | 1908-08-18 | 1908-08-18 | Metallic filament for incandescent lamps. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US945504A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2894320A (en) * | 1949-05-09 | 1959-07-14 | David H Gurinsky | Coating uranium from carbonyls |
-
1908
- 1908-08-18 US US44903108A patent/US945504A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2894320A (en) * | 1949-05-09 | 1959-07-14 | David H Gurinsky | Coating uranium from carbonyls |
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