US2340038A - Roofing and shingle therefor - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 25, 1944. E. J. BUCZKOWSKI ETAL 2,340,038

ROOFING AND SHINGLE THEREFOR Fi ledMay 2a, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS J 1944- v E. J. BUCZKOWSKI ETAL 2,340,033

ROOFING AND SHINGLE THEREFOR Filed May 28 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 25, 1944. E. J. BUCZKOWSKI ETAL 2,340,038

I Q ROOFING AND SHINGLE THEREFOR 7 Filed May 28, 1942 5 Shets-Shqet 5 m i299 "ll" iih m ll.

- a v g; I kg m y INVENTORS.

ATTORNEYS .&' r

Jan. 25, 1944. E. J. BUCZKOWSKI ETAL 2,340,038

ROOFING AND SHINGLE THEREFbR Filed May 28, 19 42 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Jan. 25, 1944. E. J. BUCZKOWSKI ETAL ROOFING AND SHINGLE THEREFOR Filed May 28, 1942 E SheetS-Sheet 5 ST INLEYI MST/1 0144510 fl TTOIFNEYS Patented Jan. 25,1944

' ROOFING AND SHINGLE THEREFOR Edward J. Buczkowski an Ambler, Pa.,

sylvania a Stanley J. ostrowski,

asslgnors to Keasbey & Mattison Company, Ambler, Pa., a corporation of Penn- Application May 28, 1942, Serial No. 444,842 I Claims. (c1.1os--s) This invention relates to roofing of shingles and particularly of shingles laid so as to have the appearance of shingles shaped and applied according to the American method.

The object of the invention is to provide a roofing giving greater economy in material and in application and less in weight while maintaining the same protection against the weather and offering a pleasing design of rectangular shingles laid according to the American method.

Fig. l showsa plan view of one form of shingle lob, 10c, etc., are nailed end to end along the edge of the roof similarly overhanging the eaves one inch. .Minimum clearances 21 of one sixteenth oi an inch are provided between these starter shingles.

The first full-sized shingle :A, designated Ila in Fig. 3 of the first shingle course, is nailed'flush over the starter course as shown. As-the first I 7 starter shingle ltla is a section of onesixth of a illustrating one embodiment of the unit forming theroof of our invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a starter shingle;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a roof with the shingles laid;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic sketch of Fig. 1 showing with lines indicating .the relation of the shingles when laid;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of another form of roof embodying our invention;

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic sketch of the shingle of the roofing of Fig. 5 with lines indicating the relation of the shingles when laid;

Fig. 7 is a plan view of another form of shingl as cut from a blank;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a roof withthe shingles of Fig. 7 laid; and

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of another form of roof embodying our invention.

Fig, 1 shows a shingle A of asbestoscement material preferably having its exposed surface molded to imitate weathered wood or the like. The lower edge of the shingle has cut-outs ll of unequal length and at these cut-out edges the butt is cut with raised lines l8 to give the finished roof a small individual shingle eifect. One side IQ of the shingle A is shorter than the other side 20. At the top from the right edge 20 upward is a short diagonal 2| and from the left edge 19 downward a diagonal 22 of the same length iscut, the remainder of the top edge being a long diagonal 23 from the lower end 24 of diagonal 22 to the upper end 25 of diagonal 2 I.

In laying the shingles the entire roof is covered with an asphalt-saturated felt. A cant strip 26 is nailed at the eaves, then the starter course is laid down. Taking a starter shingle A as shown in Fig. 2, similar to shingle A in shape but fiat and shorter in height as indicated, one sixth of the starter shingles is cut of! the right end as indicated by the line a and this one sixth section,

. left end of shingle Ilia,

designated Illa, is nailed to the lower left corner 1 of the-roof overhanging the eaves one inch. Succeeding full-size starter shingles A designated full length of a shingle; there is a stagger between the starter course intervals and the first shingle course intervals. The second shingle lib of the first shingle ccurseis laid next to shingle Ho and flush with the starter course at its lower edge and the succeeding shingles yilc, etc., are similarly laid. v

To start the second shingle course one-sixth is out 01f the left end of the first shingle !2a and the other five-sixths is laid at the edge of the roof. The succeeding shingles I21), I20, etc., are

laid in the same manner as llb and No of the first shingle course. The one-sixth oil the left end of shingle I211. staggers the intervals of the second shingle course in relation to the first shingle course as the first shingle course is staggered in relation to the starter course.

The overlap 29 of the second shingle course partially covers the first shingle course and the starter course leaving an area 28 of the first shingle course exposed. The triple layer area where the second course overlaps the starter course" is headlap 30. One-third of the left end is cut off first shingle I 3a. ofg the third shingle course, so that this course will be staggered in relation to the second shingle course. Shingle la is nailed at the edge of the roof and shingles l3b, I30, etc., are applied successively as shingle courses. The third shingle course overlaps the second shingle course, leaving an exposed surface. The third shingle courseoverlaps the first'shingle course, giving another headlap of two'inches.

The first shingle Ma of the course is cutin half and the right half is applied to the edge of the roof over the third shingle course. The remaining shingles Mb, I lc, etc., are applied successively as in the lowercourse. The overlap. 29, the headlap 30 and the stagger 3| are the same as below. Two-thirds is cut from the the first shingle of the fifth shingle course, the remaining one-third being applied to the edge of the roof over the fourth shingle course. The succeeding shingles are applied as in the lower courses and stagger 3|, overfourth shingle the remaining shingles are in the first and second the lower left corner of shingle lib. Area H rep resents the headlap between the apex of a shingle Ila, the left side or shingle lib and the lower left corner of shingle lib. Area 1 represents the headlap between the right side of the apex oi shingle lie, the lower left comer of shingle lib and the left side of shingle 18b. Area J repre'- sents the headlap between the left side of the apex of shingle lib, the lower left corner of shingle lie and the right side of shingle lib. Areas K and L represent the headlap between the a x lg and the right side of shingle Nb and the left side of shingle llc, respectively. Thus the headlap is separated into three pairs of areas. Area 0 represents the double lap of shingle lib over shingles lid and lib. Area, N represents the double lap of shingles lib and lie over shingle lib. Area M represents the area of a single layer of the center of shingle lib spaced about the thickness of one shingle awayfrom the roof deck. The space beneath shingle lib in area M is protected from the weather on all sides by other' shingles. The space under area M, therefore, forms an isolated air pocket.

A roof is laid by first putting down a course of starter shingles followed by a course of lull-sized shingles completely covering the starter course. Over this first course is applied a second shingle course which leaves a part of the surfaceof the first course exposed. Over the secondcourseis laid down a third course, leaving a portion of the second course exposed. The third course partially overlaps the first course. This area is headlap. On the third row is laid a fourth row and so on until the roof is completed.

If the shingles were laid merely abutting instead of overlapping, the abutting edges-would leave a space beneath the shingles. Through this, space the ice, snow and rain could penetrate and cause a leak. The more the upper shingles overlap the lower shingles the less the possibility o! a high wind blowing water under the upper shingle and over the top of the lower shingle.

For various reasons shingles are not side lapped. Where the shingles abut against each other there is a space between them. This joint between these edges makes this area the least protected on the roof. The water tends to seep between the abutting shingles. Therefore, the two shingles between which there is seepage must overlap the shingle below them suiilciently for the joint to be completely underlaid. This requires the lower shingle to extend under the upper shingle up to a point where a third-shingle is placed over the joint. For purposes of safety and greatest protection, it is the practiceto carry the bottom shingle under the middle shingle and under the third shingle, as well, for a short space, so that in part the bottom shingle is overlapped by the bottom shingle and the top shingle. This triple layer, known as headlap. ives a margin of safety. By means of this headlap the water that seeps through a joint between the middle shingles strikes the underlying shingle. It is not possible for the water to go over the top oi underlying shingle and reach the roof deck as of shingle lib, the lower edge of shinglethe'underlying shingle extends under the Joint between the middle shingles to a point where the joint between the middle shingles is covered by the top shingle. The principal effect of the headlap, therefore, is the prevention of leakage at the joint between the shingles. It is needed only, the Joint. When using the rectangular shinlles of the American method of roofing, however, it is customary to carry the headlap across the iuil width of the shingle.

One of the advantages of our invention is the elimination of unnecessary headlap by the diagonals ll, 22 and ii on the top or the shingle. The diagonals II and 23 form an apex at 25. The stagger ii of the intervals 21 and the overlsp' ii is so positioned that the apex 25 goes di-.

rectly beneath the joint 32 between the shingles of the course above. Thus the joint is underlaid for the necessary two inches of headlap..

The diagonal 2i then cuts away the shingle so that the amount of underlying surface is at a minimum. For the purposes of protection an overlap of two inches of shingle lib on shingle lib and shingle lib on shingle ,l2b is required. Trough 24; therefore, is two inches above the lower edge of shingles lib and lib. Thus, instead of three areas extending across the entire shingle in bands the headlap is reduced to areas G, H, I, J, K and L. ,The material eliminated by diagonal 23 not only avoids the excess headlap but also reduces the-."amount of double lap to the areas shown at N and O on shingle lib. Thus, instead of every shingle being overlaid and underlaid so that the roof isentirely covered with a double thickness, th rareas represented by area M of shingle lib areof a single thickness. This reduction of. the

amount of material in the shingle does not rethezioint is covered by another shingle. The

aneas of headlap G, H, I, J, K and L are positloiied at two corners and on the sides of the shingle so that the three layers give the shingle strategic support. The hollow space beneath area M} is protected from all exposed surfaces by at least two inches of double lap.

s. 5 and 6 show views of asbestos cement shingle 3, another form of our invention. In this variation the right side 33 and the left side Jare long and short, respectively as before. The lower edge has square cut-out l! but the raised lides are omitted. The top is comprised of a s le diagonal ii. The apex 36 occurs at the ex reme right side of the shingle. The shingle B is laid on the roof by the same method as the shingle A, the diflerence being that since headlap i! at the intervals 21 must be at least two inches, the greatest depth of headlap is more than two inches, since the apex 36 and intervals 21 do not coincide in this form.

Shingle lib shown in diagrammatic sketch in i lg. 6 is taken as representative of the shingles in Fig. 5. Areas Q, R, S, T, U, V and W are areas of the headlap. Axes X and Y are areas of double lap. Area Z is an area of single thickness. The areas of headlap in 43b are positioned the same as in shingle lib of Fig. 4 except that the shingle llb underlays the very tip of the right comer of shingle lib which is underlaid also by shingle 42b, giving headlap area S. Areas of double lap x and Y and single lap Z are similar in position to the areas of double and single lap in the shingle 13b. The areas of headlap are placed in the corvners and on theside, giving support and protection where needed. The sloping diagonal It eliminates unnecessary headlap confining it to the Joints and reduces the layers to the single thickness of area Z in the centerof the shingle.

Figs. 7 and 8 show a view of a shingle of our invention in another form. This variation is similar to the shingle A shown in Figs. 1 to 4 in that one blank 45. The blank 45 is cut in half along three diagonals 45, 47 and 88. These correspond to the diagonals 2 i, 22 and 23 in the shingle A of In this variation however the left edge of the bottom shingle C and the right edge of the top shingle shown in Fig. 7 are cut perpendicular to the straight edge of the blank 45 from the diagonals to the edge of the blank. This forms two sections 9 at the center of the edge on opposite sides.

These sections so are considered trimming waste. As a-result the short diagonals 45 of the bottom shingle C and 48 of the top shingle C' are truncated and straight edges d and ii are formed.

In Fig.- 8 as in Fig. 3 is shown a. view of a roof .with shingles-laid. A starter course it'd, W1),

"'0. etc., is shown over which is laid the first shingle course '11, ii'b, Ii'c, etc. The first shingle course is flush with the starter course but .a saoas I the'bottom edge of the underlying shingle "a. The closer the shingles I 2"a and "a are placed together the less will be the exposed surface 2! and the greater the overlap 52. At the same time the'minimum overlap 52 may be increased by increasing the height of the minimum vertical dimension 53 of the shingle ll"a. This increases, the distance by which the underlyin shingle I We may be overlapped.

When two shingles are cut from one blank the peak 54 of one shingle forms the recess 55 of the other shingle. In the modification of shingle A shown the shingle in Fig. 9 the anglemade by the diagonal 23' with a perpendicular tov the side edges of the shingle is decreased. This reduces the vertical dimension 55 between the peak 54 of the shingle and the recess 55 in relation to the minimum vertical dimension 53. As a result the minimum vertical dimension 53 is increased in relation to the vertical dimension 56 between the peak 54 and the recess 55. Thus headlap may be maintained at two inches while the minimum overlap 52 is increased to three inches. At

there-is a stagger betweenv the starter course intervals and the first shingle course intervals. In starting the second shingle course i2'a, i2'b, '0, etc., one-fourth is cut from the left end of the shingle and the other three-fourths is laid at the edge of the roof. The succeeding shingles are laid in the same manner as the first shingle .course. The second shingle course is staggered in relation to the first shingle course as the first.

48 is changed away from the perpendicular to the side edges, thus the angles made between diagonals 46, 41 and 68 are more acute. The more acute angles between diagonals 46, and All permit cutting ofl part of the top left corner of the shingle C as shown by section 49 in Fig. 7 without reducing the minimum vertical dimension oi the double layer. This leads to a reduction in the amount of material in the finished shingle and an appreciably lighter product is obtained thereby.

Fig. 9 shows a further modification of the shingle A. In this development the shingle is cut to increase the protection offered to thereof. The minimum overlap 62 of the exposed suriace of a shingle when applied to a roof over the urn derlying shingle is greater than the minimum overlap provided by shingle \A.

The area of exposed surface 29' and the dimensions of the headlap so are not decreased. The minimum overlap 52 of the exposed shingle l2"a over the next underlying shingle W'a is determined by the distance 28', the shingles l2"@ and "0 are set apart and by the urn vertical dimension 53 between the top edge and the same time the exposed surface 29' is reduced only one-half an inch.

We claim: a l. A roof of overlapping asbestos cement shingles each generally the shape of a trapezoid hav ing its greater dimension horizontal in assembled position on the roof, the upper edge being di- 'agonal to said lower edge and with the upper end portion of the diagonal overlapped by a plurality of shingle thicknesses, the area of overlapping between the shingles not necessary to protect the roof being eliminated by said diagonal upper edge, and being divided into an area of two layers and an area of three layers, the smallest dimension of said two layer area being greater than the largest dimension of said three layer area.

2. A roof of overlapping asbestos cement shingles each generally the shape of a trapezoid having its greater dimension horizontal in assembled position on the roof, the upper edge being diagonal to said lower edge and with the upper end portion of the diagonal overlapped by a plurality of shingle thicknesses, the area of overlapping between the shingles not necessary to protect the roof being eliminated by said diagonal upper edge, and being divided into an area of two layers and an area of three layers, the smallest dimension of said two layer area being greater than the largest dimension of said three layer area, and each shingle having cut out from its lower edge sections and having formed and set in its exposed surface on a roof a plurality of longitudinally extending lines raised above the surface, said out out sections and raised lines being spaced to give an effect of small individual 7 shingles.

composed of three diagonals to the lower edge and with the upper end portion of the diagonal overlapped by a plurality of lethicknesses,

said diagonals forming angles with each other to give an inclined zig-zag upper edge, the area of overlapping between the shingles not necessary to protect the roof being eliminated by the in cline of said zig-zag upper edge, and being divided into an area of two layers and an area of three layers, the smallest dimension of said two layer area being greater than the largest dimension oi said three layer area.

4. A o! of a plurality o! shingles of asbestos and Po and cement composition, each shingle being generally the shape oi a trapezoid of greater horizontal length than vertical height and being greater in height at one point than at another so that the upper-edge is inclined and composed of three diagonals to the lower edge and with the upper end portion of the diagonal overlapped by a plurality oi shingle thicknesses, the area of overlapping between the shingles not necessary to protect the root being eliminated by said diagonals of said upper edge, and being di-x vided into an area oi two layers and an area of three layers, the smallest dimension of said two I longer than the other, and a pair of upper edge portions extending for a short distance inwardly from each of said end-defining edges and inclined relative thereto, and an oblique upper edge portion extending between the inner ends of said first mentioned upper edge portions.

6. A rigid shingle oi the character described adapted to be laid with similar shingles in overlapping courses which comprises an elongated main body portion defined by a longitudinally extending edge forming the lowermost portion of said shingle when laid in courses, a pair of substantially parallel, end-defining edges extending substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal edge, one of said end-defining edges being longer than the other but both being of sufilcient length to extend into the area normally overlapped by a superimposed similar shingle, a first upper edge portion extending inwardly for a short distance from the end of the longer end-defining edge and inclined relative thereto, a second upper edge portion extending inwardly for a short distance from the end of the shorter end-defining edge and inclined relative thereto, and a third an elongated main body portion having the butt edge oi the shingle extending longitudinally thereof and having end edges substantially perpendicular to said butt edge, said shingle having a a generally tapered shape being wider at one end edge than at the other end edge and'with the upper edge formed as a straight inclined line. 8. A rigid asbestos-cement shingle oi the character described adapted to be laid with similar shingles in overlapping courses which comprises an elongated main body portion having a lower butt edge extending longitudinally of said body portion and having end-edges substantially perpendicular to said butt edge, said shingle also having a generally tapered shape being wider at one end edge than at the other end edge and with the upper edge formed as a zig-zag line with parallel end inclines and an intermediate diagonal joining them. 9. A plurality of rigid shingles assembled in courses to form a roof covering, each of said shingles comprising an elongated main body portion having one longitudinal edge serving as the lower butt of said shingle, a pair of end edges extending substantially P rpendicular thereto. one of said end edges being longer than the other, and a generally obliquely extending upper edge between said end edges whereby a shingle is formed which is wider at one end edge than at the'other end edge, said upper edge comprising a series of zig-zag inclined portions.

10. A rigid shingle of the character described 1 adapted to be laid with similar shingles in overlapping courses which comprises an elongated main body portion defined by a longitudinally extending lateral edge forming the lowermost portion of said shingle when laid in courses, a pair of substantially parallel, end defining edges extending substantially perpendicular to said '40 longitudinal edge, one of said end defining edges being longer than the other, but both being 0! sufiicient length to extend into the area normally overlapped by a superimposed course of shingles,

a first upper edge portion extending inwardly for,

' a short distance from the end of the longer end defining edge, a second upper edge portion extending inwardly for a short distance from the end of the shorter end defining edge, and a third upper edge portion extending obliquely between the inner ends of said first and said second upper edge portions so as to form a series of zig-zag inclined edges.

EDWARD J. BUCZKOWSKI. STANLEY J. OSTROWSKL

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