US1362755A - Roof - Google Patents

Description

C. A. STATLER.

ROOF.

APPLICATION FILED MAR-29,1918.

Patented Dec. 21, 1920 4 SHEETSSHEET I.

C. A. STATLER.

ROOF.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 29. I918.

Patented Dec. 21, 1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2- C. A. STATLER.

ROOF.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 29. 1918.

Patented'Dec, 21, 1920.

4SHEETS-SHEET 3.

wen'for iiiiiiiii c. A. STATLER.

ROOF.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 29. I918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

'2 3 46 v 4i 44 4f Pdtented Dec. 21.1920.

CHARLES A. STATLER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ROOF.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 21, 1920.

Application filed March 29, 1918. Serial No. 225,403.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES A. STATLER, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Roofs, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in roofs and has special reference to roofs constructed of flexible waterproof sheet roofing material commonly made of a wool felt base impregnated with asphaltum or the like.

Among the several objects of my invention are to provide a system of roofing which shall result in producing a better and tighter roof of the class mentioned than has been possible by the methods heretofore in use; which roof, considering its quality, shall cost less; and in which the various sheets composing the roof shall be so sealed together and the metallic 'fasteners so arranged that no water can seep or leak through to the fasteners.

A further object of my invention is to provide a roof made of the flexible roofing material, which shall be highly ornamental in appearance and which shall in general simulate an earthen tile roof.

A further object of my invention is to provide a roof construction, including the use of the roofing material in an elongated strip form, and so secured by metallic fasteners that the fasteners are sealed beneath the roofing material against contact with any watfer which may fall or collect upon the roo A further object of my invention is to provide a roof of flexible material such as ready prepared roofing in sheet form and covered with a grit material-embedded in the asphaltum material of which the roof is partly composed, the roof being so formed that the flowing of water or sliding of snow thereon is impeded sufliciently to materially assist in the preservation of the roof and whereby the grit coating is prevented from being washed off, as occurs with ordinary flat roofing of this character.

A further object of my invention is to provide a roof of the character defined, having ridges or steps and having colored grit embedded on its exposed surface to simulate earthen tile.

A further object of my invention is to provide a roof composed of the flexible material and having roof ridges, hip-rolls,

gable ends and other roof trimmings and parts constructed of the flexible roofing material and which shall be water tight without cementing, easily fastened in position without leaving any fasteners exposed and which shall simulate the trimmings used in the construction of an earthen tile roof.

A further object of my invention is to provide cooperating members formed "of the flexible roofing material for use in constructing ridges, hip-rolls, etc., which shall be so formed that they automatically provide light joints between adjacent members and are adapted to be frictionally held in place.

A further object of my invention is to provide a gutter or roof edge construction involving the use of the flexible roof material which shall result in a durable gutter of neat appearance and low cost and which shall give the roof the appearance of being constructed wholly of tile.

A further object of my invention is to provide a roof construction whereby the use of sheet metal in the making of the roof, especially in the construction of gutters and the like, shall be eliminated to the end that the roof. shall be more durable and more cheaply constructed than those commonly made.

Further objects as to the ease of construction of the finished roof ridge, the gutter, the hip-roll, gabled ends, etc., will appear hereinafter.

My invention consists generally in a system for covering a roof with waterproof flexible material in sheet form, to make the roof water tight and which includes the securing of the top surface of the roofing material down upon the roof boards along one edge and then the turning of the flexible sheets over and upon the secured edge or portion thereof whereby the securing metallic fasteners or nails are effectually covered and sealed from contact with any water which may fall on or collect upon the roof.

My invention also consists in a system, as described, which results in an appearance quite similar to a tile roof but which is wind and weather tight and of much less corresponding weight than a tile roof.

My invention also consists in a roof covered with flexible roof material in sheet form which is secured to the roof boards by metallic fasteners such as nails and which fasteners are so covered that they cannot be exposed to view or to the weather without 30 Fllg. 1; v

v igs. and 6, are vertical sectional views first destroying or removing the overlying layer of the flexible roofing material.

My invention also consists in a roof of the material described having a series of transverse or horizontally disposed baffles, ridges, stops or dams, which impede the flow of water down the roof and serve to prevent snow slides.

My invention also consists in the several features of construction and in the various arrangements and combinations of devices and parts whereby I am enabled to attain the above mentioned and other objects and all as hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims. My invention will be more readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification and in which Figure 1, is a fragmentary perspective view of a roof embodying the several features of my invention;

Fig. 2, is a vertical transverse section of the roof on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1

Fig. 3, is a vertical sectional view of the roof through the hip-roll on the line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4, is a vertical sectional view of the roof through the gable on the line 44 of of the roof edge particularly illustrating the construction of the gutter and taken substantially on .the line 5,5 of Fig. 1;

Fig. is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing a modified form of gutter construction;

Figs. 8 and 9, are fragmentary vertical sectional views of the roof substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 and illustrating the method of laying the sheets or strips composing the finished roof;

Figs. 10 and 11, arevertical sectional views of the roof taken hrough the ridge and showing the method of constructing the finished ridge;

Figs. 12 and 13, are sectional views of the roof taken substantially on the line 13-13 of Fig. 1 and showing the construction of the gable ends;

Fig. 14, is a cross-section of the roof through the hip-roll and taken on the line 14-44 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 15, is a perspective view of one of the U-shape formed pieces used, in the construction of the hip-roll;

Fig. 16, is a fragmentary vertical longitudinal section of the roof taken through the ridge and illustrating a modified form of the ridge constructions,

Fig. 17 1s a fragmentary vertical section of the roof shown in Fig. 16 and taken on the line 1717 of Fig 16; and

Fig. 18 is an enlarged fragmentary section of the preferred form of flexible roofing material.

, gable end and 5 is the hip Roofs, as usually and commonly constructed of the flexible roofing material, are made of sheets of various sizes laid and S81 cured in overlapping relation and providing substantially flat roofs, or in other words, roofs having no ridges, projections, or ornamentation, except possibly printed or colored substantially flat figures or lines formed on the roofing material.

As shown in Fig. 1, I build the main part of the roof of elongated sheets or strips 1 of the flexible material, 2 is the ridgeof the roof, 3 is the lower edge or eave, 4 is the -roll.

In constructing or laying the roof I first prefer to provide a vertical edge board 6 for the eave to form with the roof 7 itself a space for the gutter, and in beginning the laying of the roofing material I first take a strip 8 of the roofing material and secure one edge of it to the upper edge of the board 6 by means of a clamping strip or bar 9 which may have the form of a round rod as and the sheet 8 by nails 10 which I drive down through the rod the edge of the sheet and into the upper edge of the board 6. In the position shown in Fig. 5 of the sheet 8 the top or weather surface 11 is arranged on the inside or toward the board 6.

Having secured the edge of the strip, as shown in Fig. 5, I turn the whole strip over and upon the roof and form it down into the shown in Figs. 5 and 6. I secure this rod gutter space to form a gutter 12, as shown in Fig. 6, the free edge of the sheet extending up upon the roof 7. In thus turning the sheet over I cover the rod 9 and the nails 10. edge of the sheet 8 upon the roof 1 secure it in position by nails 13. Having thus formed the tter I then proceed to the construction of is roof itself, and this I do in the manner best illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9. the upper edge of the previous edge having been secured as heretofore explained. I next arrange a second sheet 14 upon the first sheet and with its weather face in contact therewith, its upper edge 15 parallel and coincident with the upper edge of the sheet already laid, and I secure the upper edge 15 of the second sheet in position bymeans of a strip of wood 16 which I nail upon the roof and upon-the upper overlapped edges of the two sheets by means of nails 17, and whereby the edge 15 of thesecond sheet and the upper edge of the lower sheet are firmly clamped together and held in position upon the roof. It will be understood that the two weather surfaces of the two sheets are in contact beneath the strip 16 and that the grit with which theyoare coated serves to hold them against any possible relative movement. Furthermore, the pressure caused by the nailing ofthe strip 16 upon the roof and the heating of the roof by For temporarily holding the upper the sun finally causes the asphaltic material of which the sheets are partly composed to soften and effectually seal the strips together along their secured edges below the stri 16. 7

aving secured the edge of the second sheet upon the upper edge of the first sheet as described, I next turn the second sheet up upon the roof over the strip 16, thereby covering the strip 16 and the nails 17, and proceed with further strips until I reach the ridge.

The sheets 1 are thus secured along their horizontal edges and are sealed together by means of the strips 16 and nails 17 and the amalgamating of the materials of which the sheets are made so that the final product is a water tight roof having no openings through which water can seep or leak, even if the Water stands upon the roof to some appreciable depth. Furthermore, the use of the strips 16 and the turning of the flexible material over these strips provides a roof having steps 18 of appreciable depth and the depth of the steps 18 can be made to simulate the edges of earthern tiles which are usually about one-half to three-quarters of an inch in depth at their lower edges, and I preferably use a grit coating on the roofing material in color similar to the color of tiles which it is desired to simulate.

A very valuable feature of my invention resides in the fact that the construction lends itself particularly to the covering of old shingle roofs because the strip 16 can be nailed securely in place above or upon the old shingles, pressing and holding them down tight, and the clamping strip provides a solid, firm and substantially rigid foundation for the roofing sheets which avoids the water catching hollows produced by nailing the sheets directly to the roof and particularly when the sheets are secured-on top of old shingles. Furthermore the space 19 beneath the roofing strips 1 leaves ample room for the old shingles without the detrimental feature of the forms of the old shingles showing through the finished roof. This particularly results from the fact that I make the strips 1 relatively narrow, to simulate tiles which are usually eight or nine inches in length, and consequently the weight of the strips 1 is not sufficient to cause them to be formed down upon the shingles even if the roofing material becomes softened in summer by the sun.

In Fig. 7 I have illustrated a modified form of the gutter. In this form I secure the first edge of the gutter sheet 8 to the outer surface .of the board 6 by means of a wood strip .20 and nails 21 and then I turn the sheet 8 over as in the first instance to form the gutter. In this form also the nails which secure the first edge of the sheet are covered from the weather.

In covering the two sides of the roof I run the upper edge of the last sheets up upon the ridge member 22, Fig. 10, and then I proceed to cover the ridge member 22 as follows: I take a long strip of the roofing material 23 and lay it upon the roof with one edge adjacent to the ridge pole 22, as shown in Fig. 10, and secure it in position by means of a wood strip 24 and nails 25, as shown in Fig. 10, and with its weather surface down upon the roof. I then secure a second wood strip 26 along the other edge of the roofing strip 23 with nails 27 and form the roofing strip 23 around upon and over the nails 27, as shown in Fig. 10. I then turn the strip 23 up and'over the ridge pole into the position shown in Fig. 11 and drive the nails 27 down into the roof on the opposite side of the ridge pole. The nails 25 and 27 are thus completely inclosed and protected against any moisture or water.

In Fig. 14 I have illustrated the manner of constructing the hip-roll particularly to simulate a tile roof. I provide a longitudinal ridge 28 rising above the general surface of the roof and I carry the ends of the roof strips 1 up upon the sides of this ridge 28, as shown in said Fig. 14, and I cut the wood strips 16 somewhat short of the ridge 18 so that I can substantially eliminate the steps 18 adjacent to the ridge 28. I provide trough-like or U-shaped members 29 formed of the roofing material and preferably provided with a sheet metal inner member 30 of like form. This member 29, as best shown in Fig. 15, is covered completely on its outer surface with the roofing material, and I preferably turn the roofing material under or within the member 30 at one end, as shown at 31, and also within the side edges as illustrated in Figs. 15 and 16.

I preferably formthe members 29 so that when put in place the smaller ends will hug the ridge 28 and the larger ends will tightly hug the smaller ends; this is possible as the side walls of these members are yielding,

whether the members are lined with sheet metal or not.

As best shown in Fig. 3, I provide between the metal form and the outer surface a thickening or padding 32 adjacent to lower ends of the members 29 so as to make these lower edges of the lower ends thicker to correspond with the steps 18 on the roof. The metal inner members 30 terminate below the upper ends 32 of the member 29 and I secure the members upon the ridge 28 by nails 33 which I drive through these upper ends. I may, as in the formation of the covering of the roof ridge, provide nails 34 which project through the lower ends of the member 29, the heads thereof being beneath the covering of flexible roofing material and the nails being in position to be driven down into the ridge 28 and through the upper end of the next lower member 29, as best shown in Fig. 3.

In forming the gable-end 4 I proceed quite similar to the forming of the hip-roll, except that I allow the roofing strips 1 to extend to the edge of the roof, cutting the wood members 16 short of the end of the roof, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13. I then lay short pieces 35 of the roofing material with their faces in contact with the roof and their outer edges 36 even with the edge of the roof and I secure them in such position b means of the wood strip 37 and nails 38. hese pieces 35 are slightly longer than the width of the strips 1 and I form their lower ends by turning the lower ends under and padding them to make them thick so as best to simulate tile. I then prepare the other edges 36 of the pieces 35 by securing thereto wood strips 39 with nails 40 and having the nail heads covered, as shown in Fig. 12, and I then turn these strips 35 up and over the wood strip 37 and secure the free edges of the pieces 35 to the outer end of the gable, as shown in Fig. 13, by driving the nails 40 into the edge of the roof. The nails 38 and 40 are thus completely sealed against the weather.

In some instances it is desirable to make the ridge of the roof to correspond more closely with tile construction and for this purpose I use U-shaped members 41 similar to the hip-roll members 29, that is, they are formed preferably with sheet metal cores 42 and havin an outer coating of the roofing material 43 ormed over same, and I form the roofing material around and within each end of the core, as shown in Fig. 16 and also around and within each lateral edge of the core, as best shown in Fig. 17. I alternate these members 41 upon the ridge 44 with smaller similar U-shaped members 45 which may or may not have a metal core. In making the members 41 I preferably thicken the ends by means of pads 46, as best shown in Fig. 16, so that the final construction will best simulate tiles. As in the case of the hip members 29, I make these U-shaped ridge members yielding and 'so form them as to cause the outer members to tightly hug the inner members when placed in position on the ridge.

In arranging the members 29 of the'hiproll and the members 35 of the gable end I preferto place their lower ends substantially in alinement with the steps 18, as shown in 'Fig simulate a tile roof.

In Fig. 18 I have shown a section of the flexible roofing material which I prefer to use in practising my invention. The base or foundation of the roofing is a sheet of wool felt or some similar fibrous material 50. This is impregnated with a waterproofing material such as asphaltum, and the lower 1, so as to make the roof best surfaces may be covered with a paper sheet 51 to prevent the roofing stickin together when rolled up for shipping. he top or weather surface is usually provided with a layer 52 of the asphaltum in which is embedded and secured acoating or covering 53 of grit, sand or gravel. This grit coating may be made of any color to suit the conditions.

It will be understood that the roofing material, as prepared for this purpose, is sufliciently flexible to permit the forming of the sheets around the clamping strips without destroying the waterproof quality of the sheets at this point, and in producing the U-shaped members 29 and 41. I sometimes heat or warm thepieces of roofing material to soften them before formin them around the thin ends and edges of t e metallic cores.

It will now be clear that by means of my invention I am enabled to roduce a roof, made out of the flexible roo ng material, in which no nails or other metallic fasteners are exposed to the weather or to which water can seep or leak, even when the water collects to an appreciable depth upon the roof.

Also that I am enabled, by means of the novel manner in which I secure these sheets upon the roof, to simulate a roof constructed of earthen tile, and furthermore that such construction provides a roof having horizontal baffles, ridges, stops, or dams, which serve to prevent the rushing of water down the roof or the sliding of snow down the roof, both of which are more or less destructive to the roof, and that the washing off of the grit from the roof by the water flowing down is thus substantially completely eliminated.

As many modifications of my invention will readily suggest themselves to one skilled in the art, I do not limit or confine my invention to the specific details of construction herein described.

I claim:

1. In a roof of the character described a ridge, means covering said ridge comprising U-shaped members composed of waterproof fibrous material, said members arranged in a longitudinal series on the ridge with adj acent ends in overlapping relation, and U- shaped relatively rigid forms within some of said members for retaining them in shape.-

terial back within the member and adapted to be arranged in end overlapping relation with other similar members for covering a roof ridge.

The improvement herein described, describing a U-shaped cover member adapted for use with similar devices for covering a projecting ridge on a roof, and comprising a sheet metal U shaped trough-like form member, larger in diameter at one end than at the other end, a waterproof flexible cover such as roofing sheet on the outer surface of said form, the lateral edges of the sheet turned over upon the inner surface of the form at its longitudinal edges,thereby thickening said edges, the sheet also turned within the form at the larger end thereof, thereby thickening said larger end and said sheet projecting beyond the smaller end of the form, the larger end of the member being adapted to overlap the smaller end of a similar member in use.

4. In a roof covering construction, a pro jecting ridge, roof covering material on the roof, having its edges projecting upwardly on the sides of the ridge, and U-shaped, relatively short roof members on the ridge, the inner surfaces of the sides thereof overlapping and engaging the opposed surfaces of the upturned edges of the roofing material.

5. In a roof covering construction, a proecting ridge on the roof, roof coverlng sheets composed partly of asphaltum or the like, having their edges turned upwardly in contact with the sides of the ridge, and U-shaped trough-like members covering the ridge, the lateral edges thereof overlapping the adjacent edges of the roofing sheets, said members composed of the same material as the roofing sheets and at least each alternate member having a formed sheet metal core for retaining it in shape.

6. In a roof covering construction, a proj ecting ridge, U-shaped trough-like members for covering the ridge, said members formed of flexible roofing material composed in art of asphaltum or the like, alternate mem ers having sheet metal cores for holding them in shape and such cored members overlying the uncored members at their ends.

7. In a roof of the character described, a ridge, U-shaped members covering said ridge, said members arranged in a longitudinal series on the ridge with adjacent ends in overlapping relation, and U-shaped rcsilient forms Within some of said members.

8. The roof ridge covering member herein described, comprising a sheet metal U-shaped trough-like member, a Waterproof sheet of flexible material arranged on the outer surface of the sheet metal member, the lateral edges of the waterproof sheet formed around and within the longitudinal edges of the U-shaped member.

'9. The roof ridge covering member herein described, comprising a sheet metal U-shaped trough-like member, a waterproof sheet of flexible material arranged on the outer surface of the sheet metal member, the lateral comprising a roof having a projecting ridge,

roof covering material on the roof having a grit coated weather surface, the edges of the roofing material extending upwardly on the sides of the ridge, and U-shaped ridge covering members having grit coated inner side surfaces adapted to contact with the grit coated surfaces of the up-turned edges of the roofing material.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set t my hand this 22nd day of March, A. D. 1918.

CHARLES A. STATLER.

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