US2069444A - Shingle - Google Patents

Description

Febfz, 1937.

H. H. HONIGBAUM SHINGLE Filed Oct. 17, 1,934

3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Top INVENTOR. Hav/'ry A. Homgbaum ATTORNEY.

Feb. 2, '1937. HAH. HONIGBAUM 2,069,444

SHINGLE f v Filed Oct. 17, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 vBY ATTORNEY.

Feb. 2, 1937. H HONlGBAUM 2,069,444

SHINGLE Filed Oct. 17, 1954 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 u l H INVENTOR.

l Har/'y h. /fon/gbcwm ATTORNEY,

Pfented Feb. f 2, ,1937

UNITED STATES PATENTl CFFICE SHINGLE Harry H. Honigbaum, Forest Hills, N. Y. Application October 17, 1934, Serial No. 748,589

7 Claims.

This inventionk relates to shingles and more particularly to the so-called composition shingles fabricated from composition roong material and generally, slate covered on their weather surfaces.

5 The invention relates not only to shingle construction, but also to the method of making the same.

The object of the invention is primarily to economize in the-cost of manufacture and in l laying. The invention is particularly useful in this broad aspect in connection with the so-called strip shingles which embody an elongated strip of composition roofing provided at spaced apart distances along its weather edge with cut outs l forming between them tabs simulating wooden shingles. i erally made from strip roofing of uniform width throughout its length and with the slots or cut outs formed along thel weather, edge as stated..

20 In laying roofing of this kind, it is commonto lay the strips 4" to the \weather and with, for example, a 6" overlap. Some rocfers, however, lay such strips with as little as va 2" overlap and it is not uncommon for strips to be laid with a 25 2 overlap in the lateral direction. i. e., between cut-outs. It is generally conceded that a 2" overlap on a roof with a fair degree of pitch is `sufficient to exclude the entrance of water and to give a dry roof. Consequently, it is my view,

3o and I amborne out by practical demonstration,

that the large degree of overlap provided in conventional strip shingles of uniform width is a waste of material.

I have discovered that it is possible in roofing 35 of thiskind to `effect afsaving of approximately one-third of the material and still obtain a thoroughly serviceable roof and one which will properly exclude water. I accomplish this vresult by cutting shingles fromv a strip inI a manner to 40 overlap one another and by separating them by alternate transverse and castellated cuts, so arranged that I am able to obtain three strips out of the material heretofore required to yield two strips. I give these figures by way of example,

45 as proportions/ may be slightly varied without departing from the invention, but the said figures are illustrative of the material saving which may bel accomplished in accordance with this invention.

50 Another feature of the invention relates to the manner of staggering the cut outs or slots at the weather edge of the shingle, in such a Way as to'give more pleasing effects on the roof and at the Sametime adapt the shingle of this in- 55 vention for use as a strip shingle,

These .so-called strip shingles are gen- Another feature of this invention consists in a novel and 'efficient way of indicating either in whole or in parts the cutouts or slits at the weather end of the shingle, for I have discovered that I may make these iso-called' cut outs in a. 5 manner to appear asthough' they were cut out without actually cutting away the shingle. Similarly I am able to carry out this illusion either in. whole or in part, that-is to say I may cut for a part of the wayand utilize the said illu- 10 sion for the rest of the way. The advantage of this illusory practice is -that it eliminates the relativelylong tabs and thus eliminates flapping or curling thereof which features are outstanding objections in the art of composition shingles.

A further important feature of this invention is the utilization on a strip shingle of the type specified of a physical means for expeditiously and accurately gaugingthe overlap and simultaneously alining shingles as they are being laid without the necessity of resorting to chalk lines, straight edges or the like. This means may further function as will hereinafter be fully explained to laterally space apart shingles of the same course, so that I obtain by the said means a regulation of the overlap, proper longitudinal alinement and accurate lateral* spacing, all of which are highly desirable in laying strip shingles.

Features of the invention, other than those adverted to, will be apparent from the hereinafter detailed description and claims, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The accompanying drawings illustrate dierent practical embodiments of the invention', but the .35 constructions therein shown are to be understood as illustrative, only, and not as defining the limits of the invention.

Figure 1 is a face view of a plurality of shingies laid in courses in accordance with the pres- 40 ent invention.

Figure 2 is a section on the line 2 2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 shows the manner in which the shingies of Figure 1 may be cut from roll roofing in a thoroughly efficient manner and without waste.

Figures 5 and 6 show complementary shingles l cut from roll rooting, as shownin Figure 4.

Figures 7-1 1J are front viewsof shingles similar to those of Figures 5and 6, but illustrating tabs of different shapes.

Figure 12 is a fragmental perspective showing the manner of forming the cut out of Figure 11.

Y trated in Figures 4-6 of the drawings.

Figures 16, 17 and 18 show the manner of ap.

plying the illusory cut out arrangement, illustrated in Figure 13, in four-in-one, three-i'n-one and individual shingles, respectively.

In carrying out this invention in a strip shingle, I preferably proceed in the manner best illus2 In other words, I start with roll roong of a width which may be equal to the length of the shingle strip. This roll roofing is designated in Figure 4 by the reference character i. Working from the end of this strip, I cut the shingles therefrom` utilizing alternately straight transverse cuts 2 with intermediate cuts of castellated shape 3 and with the axis of symmetry of these castellated cuts spaced medially between the straight transverse cuts. At the same time while making these cuts, I may also simultaneously form the cut outs 4 which in practice may be mere slits or actual cut.-

outs of appreciable width, although in certain forms of the invention the cut outs `may be extended for a part of the way and the material scored for the rest of the way or the material may be scored for the whole distance of the outlines of an illusory cut out as will be hereinafter more fully explained.

I may also, during the formation of the cuts 2 and 3, simultaneously produce additional cut outs or slits indicated at 5, 6 and 1 for alining and spacing purposes, as will be presently explained in detail, but the feature to be borne in mind at this point is that I produce the transverse straight cuts with intermediate castellated cuts as stated. With this procedure, shingles fall from the cutters in the complementary form shown in Figure 6, being formed in an intertting manner and cut away from one another as shown in these two latter figures;v

Both of these shingles are identical in form and they are cut without waste and are adapted to cooperate with one another during laying. Each has a straight weather edge 8, while its -upper edge is castellated. The widths of the several upper projections 9 are the same as one another and also the same as the spaces i0 between them.

While the matter of specific dimensions is not particularly important other than the general relation between them, the following may be given by way of example. If each strip is 36" long, thecut outs 4 may be made 4" long, the

overall height of the strip may be made 10" and the depth of the castellations may be made 4". The casteilations may be made 9" wide and the spaces between them of. a similar size. With thisarrangement, the shingles may be conveniently laid with a minimum 2" overlap and will then give a' perfectly tight roof.

These dimensions which have been given are illustrative and are not intended to limit the invention as the strips Amay be made deeper if more overlap is desired. Nevertheless and in any event a very pronounced saving in material overthe conventional strip is accomplished by this arrangement. In fact, figuring the material by the running yard, a saving of approximately onethird of the material is eiected without any real difference in the finished roof so far as exclusion of water is concerned. Such being the case, the invention isl of very pronounced importance from the standpoint of economy of material and as will presently be explained, the shingles may be laid as easily and in fact more readily with proper alinement than the conventional strip shingle.

The manner of laying these shingles is shown in Figure 1. They may be cut if desired without the alining devices 5, 6 and 1 and may be laid to a straight edge or to the slots or cut outs 4, as

is usual in strip shingles, in which event, they are so positioned that successive courses break joints between adjacent shingles at the high parts of the underlying shingles, so that a high portion of each underlying shingle underlies each joint between shingles of the overlying course as will clearly appear from Figure 1. It is of course essential also that the slots or cut outs 4 overlie the high portions of the underlying shingles, so as to preclude leakage through proper overlap, and Figure 1 shows how this may be accomplished. In order to obtain these results care should be taken in the design of the shingle strip, so that the cut outs 4 which form the end tabs of the strip will be located over the high parts l Vplaced alternately a lesser and greater width apart where a four tab shingle strip with three cut outs is desired.

A roof laid with shingles made in this way very closely simulates one laid with wooden shingles for it has long been the practice in laying wooden shingles to lay a Wide shingle then a narrow one, then a wide shingle, and so on. Thus the'nished roong more closely simulates a roof of wooden shingles and this is desirable because one of the objections made to conventional strip shingles in the past is that there is too much sameness or uniformity -in the size of the tabs.

I wish it understood, however, that this particular grouping of tabs may be varied4 without departing from this invention and also that the shape of the tabs resulting from the shape of the `cut outs 4' may be changed within the scope of otherwise in perpendicular with respect to the weather edge 8 of the strip, these two latter gures showing them inclined in opposite directions.

It should also be borne in mind that a lesser number of cut outs with a corresponding less number of tabs may be provided as shown, for example, in Figure 14, where only two out outs 4e' are provided, while in Figure 15 only one cut v out 4f is formed in the strip, so as to divide thel strip into two wide tabs of the same width. These and similar changes from the construction shown in Figures 1 6v are within the scope of the present invention.

The present invention also includes means for insuring proper laying of the shingles of each course, so that thecut outs 4, 4a, etc., maybe made to automatically register with the high parts of shingles of the next underlying course land thus make it unnecessary for the workmen to exercise care in the placement of the shingles. This means consists in forming in the upper edge of the high portion 9 of the shingle strip adjacent one end of the shingle a gauging device shown in the form of the cut out or slit 1. This cut out or slit may be of any appropriate shape, so long 15' as it will form an abutment or stop for'the lateral edge'of a shingle of an overLving course. For convenience, however, I preferably use a cut out 'I .of substantially right angular shape as shown, so asto form from the body of thestrip a tongue IIl facing in a direction away from the adjacent lateral edge of'the strip and this tongue is so positioned that the corresponding lateral edge of an overlying strip may be engagedmith the tongue, as shown in Figure A.1, to properly position the .strip longitudinally with respect to such overlying courseand with respect to the corresponding underlying course tobreak joints A and position the cut outs'l in the manner hereinbefore described.l Merely the edge ofthe overlying strip may be engaged, although I preferably notch such overlying strip at its lateral edge as indicated atv 5 to receive the hook or tongue I'I and so position the notch 5 that when engaged with the tongue the proper lap between the two shingles'will result.` In this way, I am not only able to obtain the desired. lateral spacing of each individual shingle with respect 4to the underlying shingle, in

order to break joints between courses, but at the same time I obtain theproper lap. Furthermore, in order to obtain proper longitudinal alinment and to insure uniformity oi the lap for the full,

lengthv of the shingle strip, I provide at the upper edge of the strip and at the base ofone of the castellated spaces I0 a stop or abutment 8 preferably in the formvoi.'V a slot or out out and preferably L shaped to provide a tongue I2 and directly above thenotch 5 at the upper corner of the strip, I form another notch Il to be engaged by the tonguell, as shown in Figuresl and 3. By

The features of the invention which I have just A described with relation'more particularly to .the alining and spacing devices are by preference collectively incorporated in the shingle of this invention where they all cooperate to facilitate and expedite laying a shingle of pronounced economy in materials, so that there results not only an economy in material, but ease and economy in laborcosts for laying the same. -I am aware, however, that certain of these devices mightbe used to 4marked advantage without necessarily employing them all and the invention in this regard is to be understood as not vlimited to the employment of all, but as commensurate with the appended claims.'

In the foregoing detailed description, reference has been made to cut outs l, la, etc., which have been referred to as susceptible of various shapes and numbers. I have also discovered, however, that I may obtain the effect of out outs Without necessarily forming the'm, either in part or in their entirety. The real purpose of cut outs is, in practice, to give the appearance of 'conventional wooden shingles on a roof, i. e.,A to

break up ne monotony which will result in the laying of continuous edge' strips. 'Ihe cut outs are mechanically the source of considerable annoyanceas the tabs tend to curl and flap in used because of the failure to find anything better .referred to. Here each of the cut outs I5 is made much shorter than usual and for the remainder of the distance for which the cut out would ordinaril'y bev made, the lateral edges ofthe tabs are scored. as shown, at I6 with deep lines of scoring which serve to outline the area normally occupied by the cut out. VThe lines of scoring remove the slate from the surface of the shingle at the edges of the .tab areas, so that `when the shingle is laid on a rof,.it appears from a-distance as .though the slot or cut out I5 extended for'the full'- length ofl the tab instead of for only part of theway. Nevertheless, the actual ,out outs are relatively short, so that. the projecting portions of the tabs are correspondingly short and will not appreciably curl or flap.

The'structure of Figures llrand 12 may be carried out with cut outs of any shape without departing from this invention and while scoring has been referred to as thel preferred way of producing the lines I6, they may be produced in any other suitable way, so long as the slate is absent along these lines, but is present within the uncut away portion of the slot area and beyond theedges of the slot area. The line vIll should be suiliciently wde'and deep to be clearly visible and to produce a different color eiector shadow when laid on a roof. My experience has been that mere scraping away from the slate down to the `material forming the body of the shingle will sumce for this purpose.

A very satisfactory modified form of arrangement isalso shown in Figure 13. Here no c ut outs whatever are provided in the edge of the strip, but the lines of scoring I6 are utilized exclusively to define the out out portion. these shingles are laid on a roof, the visual effect of the cut out is present, but the mechanical disadvantages are absent. A marked advantage 'of the ystructures of Figures 1'2 and 13 is that a shin- When v gle made with short cut outs or ,none maybe laid with much less overlap with corresponding economy than a shingle actually having a cut out and the fact that the slate surface is left within ythe area bounded by the lines Il and which constitutes the'normally cut out portion of the shingles overcomes that solid black or other undesirable solid color effect which would result if the slate were removed from this part. .When the slate is wholly removed from the portion which corresponds to the out out, it produces on a roof the effect oi the cut outs having been painted and is objectionable for this reason. VThe arrangement as shown will last throughout the life of the shingle and will continue to be neat and pleasing in appearance aswell as continue Amade particularly from composition rooiing material, but it may be made from asbestos, metal or any other material.

Having thus fully described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: A

1. As a new article of manufacture, an elongated strip 4of rooting material having a longitudinal weather edge and the opposite longitudinal edge of the strip shaped to form consecutive portions of the length of the strip into alternately wide and narrow parts, so that the strips may be laid in successive courses to break joints over the wide parts of underlying strips, said strip being provided at the upper edges of one of its wide parts and one of its narrow parts with tongues to facilitate laying of a plurality of said shingle 1 strips in courses.

2. A shingle strip comprising an elongated strip of roong material, one longitudinal edge of which constitutes the weather edge and the other longitudinal edge of which is castellated to form the length of the shingle into alternate wide and narrow parts, one wide part being provided adjacent its upper edge with an abutment and at its lateral edges with notches and one of the narrow parts of said strip being provided adjacent its upper edge with an abutment, said abutments being adapted to cooperateA with the corresponding notches in other shingles of the same kind during laying to. give predetermined alinement, overlap and longitudinal spacing.

3. A shingle strip comprising an elongated strip of rooting material, one longitudinal edge of which constitutes the weather edge and the other longitudinal edge of which is castellated to form the length of the shingle into alternate wide and narrow parts, one wide part being provided adjacent its upper edge with an abutment and at its lateral edges with additional abutments and one of the ynarrow parts of said strip being provided adjacent its upper edge with another abutment, the abutments adjacent the upper edge of said strip being adapted to cooperate with the abutamata ments of other shingle strips of the same kind during laying to insure the breaking of joints between strips of one course with strips of the underlying course at such points that each joint will overlie a wide vpart of the underlying strip.

4. A shingle strip comprising an elongated strip of rooiing material, one longitudinal edge of which constitutes the weather edge and the other -longitudinal edge of which is castellated to form the length of the shingler into alternate wide and narrow parts, one wide part being provided adjacent its upper edge with a hook shaped tab and at its free lateral edge with notches, and one of the narrow parts o f said strip being provided adjacent its upper edge with another hooked tab. said hooked tabs being adapted to cooperate with the notches of other strips of the same kind during laying to insure the breaking of joints between strips of one course with strips oi the underlying course at such points that eachjoint will overlie a wide part of the underlying strip.

5. A strip shingle comprising an elongated strip of slate surfaced composition roofing material having relatively short cut outs, extending into the body of the strip from the weather edge thereof, the slate surfacing ofthe material being removed along lines defining the edges of each cut out in a direction constituting continuations of said cut out for a distance beyond the end of the out out leaving the slate surfacing in the zone bounded by said lines to give the appearance of a cut out of increased length when a plurality of these shingles are laid on a roof.

6. A shinglepf slate covered composition roofing material having a weather edge, the slate surface of said shingle being removed along predetermined lines extending from the weather edge to outline the zone of a cut out, leaving the great- 'er portion of such zone with its slate covering to give the effect of actual cut outs when a plurality of these shingles are laid on a roof.

7. A slate covered shingle of composition roofing having a -cut out portion simulated by lines defining the outlines of said portion and bare of slate covering, while the surface of the shingle at both sides of said lines is slate covered.

. HARRYMH. HONIGBAUM.

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