US2331944A - Production of fibers from minerals and like materials - Google Patents

Production of fibers from minerals and like materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US2331944A
US2331944A US254378A US25437839A US2331944A US 2331944 A US2331944 A US 2331944A US 254378 A US254378 A US 254378A US 25437839 A US25437839 A US 25437839A US 2331944 A US2331944 A US 2331944A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
glass
fibers
stream
filament
molten glass
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US254378A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pazsiczky Gedeon Von
Steingraeber Hellmuth
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/42—Coatings containing inorganic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
    • C03B37/022—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from molten glass in which the resultant product consists of different sorts of glass or is characterised by shape, e.g. hollow fibres, undulated fibres, fibres presenting a rough surface
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/465—Coatings containing composite materials
    • C03C25/47—Coatings containing composite materials containing particles, fibres or flakes, e.g. in a continuous phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/66—Chemical treatment, e.g. leaching, acid or alkali treatment
    • C03C25/68—Chemical treatment, e.g. leaching, acid or alkali treatment by etching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/217—Spinnerette forming conjugate, composite or hollow filaments

Definitions

  • Artificial mineral fibers such as glass fibers, slag wool and the like, have a smooth surface. Due to this smoothness, treating and working of the said fibers into slivers, rovings, yarns, woven and knitted fabrics. etc., on the usual textile machines is difilcult. Ifhe smooth artificial fibers also lack satisfactory adherence in certain products made from them. They are also more diificult to felt and have a somewhat harsher feel than natural fibers.
  • roughening of the fibers may be efiected by eliminating through chemica agents constituents from the surface of the fibers'while being formed.
  • acidic constituents such as silicic acid
  • the roughening of the fibers may also be obtained by eliminating alkaline constituents.
  • the fibers while being formed are treated with vapours, gases or liquids adapted to eliminate acidic constituents, or alkalis, alkaline earths or metal oxides'from the surface of the fibers.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic section of a device -for producing glass fibers having a roughened surface.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view, greatly magnified, of a roughened glass fiber produced in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic section of another form of device for producing roughened fibers.
  • the numeral I denotes a melting receptacle holding a supply 2 of molten glass, siliceous slag or other material from which fibers are to be formed.
  • the receptacle has in its bottom an orifice or a series of orifices 3 through which to deliver streams of molten material. These streams are subjected to the action of a drawing force attenuating the streams into fine filaments or fibers 4.
  • the drawing is effected by meansof gaseous blasts, such as high-pressure steam, which is supplied to an annular blowing nozzle 5 and issued fromthe latter in the direction of flow of the mass streams and more or less inclined towards the same.
  • This mode of producing inorganic fibrous material is related to that disclosed in the Slayter and Thomas U. S. Patent No. 2,133,236.
  • the gaseous blasts contain an amount of hydrofluoric acid or another suitable acid sufficient to etch the fibers by eliminating from their surfacessmall quantities of silicic acid, thereby roughening the surface. Care has to be taken that the corrosive action of the acid does not penetrate too much into the interior of the fibers and does not afiect the mechanical properties of the fibers.
  • the fibers 4 upon being formed and treated as described are subjected to a thermal treatment, for instance in a heated chamber 6, for avoiding condensation of the silicic-hydrofiuoric acid on the surface of the fibers as well as for carrying off the silicic-hydrofluoric acid in gaseous form and for drying the fibers.
  • the fibers may be subjected to a repeated treatment with fluids capable of etching them and increasing the roughness already obtained.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the surface structure of a glass fiber produced according to the invention.
  • the surface shows tiny scale-like cavities or irregularities so that under the microscope the fibers have the appearance of animal wool.
  • the filaments while being .formed are preferably passed through a chamber filled with a gaseous medium containing the necessary reacting agents.
  • the molten material 2 such as glass
  • mechanical-means such as a rotating drum (not shown).
  • titanic chloride or other chlorides hydrochloric acid or other volatile agents adapted to eliminate from the surface of the glass filaments alkaline constituents, such as alkalis, alkaline earths or metal oxides, by the formation for example gases may also be led as counter-currents relative to the direction in which the fibers are drawn.
  • the exuding glass cone may be exposed to an additional source of heat or the gases or vapours supplied are heated to a temperature sufliciently high to avoid interruption of the spinning or drawing operation.
  • the method of producing filaments with a rough surface from glass which comprises melting the glass, flowing a stream of the molten glass and applying a drawing force to said stream so as to attenuate it into fine filaments, and eliminating acidic constituents from the glass at the surface of the stream while the glass of the stream is hot and plastic and is being attenuated, thereby providing a roughened surface on the finished filaments.
  • the method of producing glass fibers with a rough surface which comprises providing a supply body of molten glass, flowing the molten glass from said supply body in the form of a stream, applying an attenuating force to the stream of molten glass so as to draw it out into fine filaments, and subjecting the stream while the glass thereof is hot and plastic to the action of hydrofluoric acid, thereby eliminating silicic acid constituents from the glass of the stream at the surface thereof, whereby a roughened surface is provided on the finished filaments.
  • the method of producing glass fibers with a rough surface which comprises providing a supply body of molten glass, flowing the molten glass from said supply body in the form of a, stream, applying an attenuating force to the stream of molten glass so as to draw it out into fine filaments, and subjecting the stream while the glass thereof is hot and plastic to the action of phosphoric acid, thereby eliminating acidic constituents from the glass at the surface of the stream, whereby a roughened surface is provided on the finished filaments.
  • the method of producing glass fibers with a rough surface which comprises providing a supply of molten glass, flowing molten glass from said supply in the form of a stream, directing gaseous blasts onto said stream to apply a drawing force to the stream and attenuate the stream fluoric acid in vapourous form to react with the plastic glass of the stream, thereby providing roughened surfaces on the finished filaments.
  • the method of producing glass fibers suitable for textile purposes which comprises melting inorganic material to form a supply of molten glass, flowing a stream of molten glass from said supply and applying a drawing force to the stream to attenuate the same into a filament, simultaneously cooling said glass 'as it is being at-- tenuated to cause it to solidify, and providing a roughened surface on said filament by applying hydrofluoric acid to the surface of the glass as it is being attenuated and prior to solidification into a filament.
  • the method of producing glass fibers suit able for textile purposes which comprises melting inorganic material to form a supply of molten glass, flowing a stream of molten glass from said supply and applying a drawing force to the stream to attenuate the same into a filament, simultaneously cooling said glass as it is being attenuated to cause it to solidify, providing a roughened surface on said filament by applying to the surface of the glass while it is being attenuated and prior to solidification into a filament, vapors of hydrofluoric acid to chemically react with the surface of said glass, and maintaining said vapours in vapour form to prevent condensation thereof onto said filament.
  • the method of producing glass fibers having roughened surfaces which comprises melting inorganic material to form a supply of molten glass, flowing a stream of said molten glass and applying a drawing force to attenuate the same into a filament, and applying to the surface of the hot, plastic glass stream while being attenuated and before solidification into a filament, vapours of hydrofluoric acid adapted to chemically react with the plastic glass to eliminate constituents of the glass from the glass stream at th surface thereof, thereby providing roughened surfaces on the finished filament.
  • the method of producing glass fibers having roughened surfaces which comprises melting inorganic material to form a supply of molten glass, flowing a stream of said molten glass and applying a drawing force to attenuate the same into a filament, and applying to the surface of the hot, plastic glass stream while being attenuated and before solidification into a filament, vapours of phosphoric acid to react with the plastic glass to eliminate constituents of the glass from the glass stream at the surface thereof, thereby providing roughened surfaces on the finished filament.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
US254378A 1938-02-04 1939-02-03 Production of fibers from minerals and like materials Expired - Lifetime US2331944A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE40238X 1938-02-04

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US2331944A true US2331944A (en) 1943-10-19

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US254378A Expired - Lifetime US2331944A (en) 1938-02-04 1939-02-03 Production of fibers from minerals and like materials
US254379A Expired - Lifetime US2331945A (en) 1938-02-04 1939-02-03 Production of curled mineral fibers

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US254379A Expired - Lifetime US2331945A (en) 1938-02-04 1939-02-03 Production of curled mineral fibers

Country Status (4)

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US (2) US2331944A (de)
BE (2) BE432563A (de)
CH (2) CH226421A (de)
FR (2) FR849842A (de)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2455907A (en) * 1944-04-15 1948-12-07 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for melting glass
US2491761A (en) * 1946-05-11 1949-12-20 H I Thompson Company Method of producing silica fibers and fibrous articles produced thereby
US2518744A (en) * 1946-03-21 1950-08-15 Glass Fibers Inc Apparatus for making staple fiber
US2582919A (en) * 1946-08-28 1952-01-15 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Coloring glass fibers
US2794301A (en) * 1953-01-29 1957-06-04 Flex O Lite Mfg Corp Production of free-flowing glass beads
US2839424A (en) * 1955-08-10 1958-06-17 Lof Glass Fibers Co Method of providing glass fibers with plural superimposed different oxide coatings and products thereby produced
US2863176A (en) * 1954-04-07 1958-12-09 Lof Glass Fibers Co Process of producing mats of glass fibers
US2939761A (en) * 1958-03-03 1960-06-07 Smith Corp A O Method of producing glass fibers
US2954582A (en) * 1953-02-25 1960-10-04 James W Case Apparatus for coating glass fibers
US2979424A (en) * 1953-09-17 1961-04-11 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Metal coated glass fibers and method of making them
US3011929A (en) * 1958-12-11 1961-12-05 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Mineral fiber product
US3077091A (en) * 1956-12-28 1963-02-12 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Fiber production
US3287155A (en) * 1962-11-08 1966-11-22 Du Pont Process for impregnating glass fiber mat with methyl methacrylate polymer
US3549343A (en) * 1969-01-27 1970-12-22 David Gordon Loukes Method for removing tin from flat glass
US3615250A (en) * 1969-03-26 1971-10-26 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Supplemental oxygen supply system
US4001357A (en) * 1972-08-02 1977-01-04 Alfred Walz Process for the manufacture of fibers from fusible materials
US5979191A (en) * 1997-06-02 1999-11-09 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for melting of glass batch materials
US20160032497A1 (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 American Felt & Filter Company Multi-fiber carding apparatus and method

Families Citing this family (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3126608A (en) * 1964-03-31 Permanently curled metal coated glass fibers
US2500105A (en) * 1941-04-23 1950-03-07 Hartford Empire Co Method of making laminated hollow glass articles
US2449952A (en) * 1942-12-26 1948-09-21 Magnavox Co Method of manufacturing condensers
US2473499A (en) * 1946-04-30 1949-06-21 Jr William G Abbott Production of slivers of artificial fibers
US2693668A (en) * 1951-04-03 1954-11-09 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Polyphase systems of glassy materials
US3097941A (en) * 1952-06-21 1963-07-16 Union Carbide Corp Method and apparatus for gas plating of metal on glass fibers
US2940886A (en) * 1953-02-25 1960-06-14 John S Nachtman Method of producing refractory fiber laminate
BE528718A (de) * 1953-05-28
US2958899A (en) * 1953-10-09 1960-11-08 Int Resistance Co Apparatus for deposition of solids from vapors
US2782563A (en) * 1953-11-23 1957-02-26 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and means for producing metal-coated glass fibers
US2980956A (en) * 1953-12-21 1961-04-25 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Metal applicators for glass filaments
US3046170A (en) * 1954-06-01 1962-07-24 Union Carbide Corp Laminates of metal plated glass fibers and methods of making same
US2921342A (en) * 1955-02-14 1960-01-19 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Methods for producing fibrous glass
US2927621A (en) * 1956-08-06 1960-03-08 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for producing curly glass fibers in mat form
US2979864A (en) * 1957-05-21 1961-04-18 Kimble Glass Co Apparatus and method for producing glass tubing
US3091561A (en) * 1957-09-11 1963-05-28 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Metalized flattened glass strand and method of manufacturing
US2887132A (en) * 1957-12-09 1959-05-19 Joseph P Manning Unidirectional woven fabric
US3073005A (en) * 1957-12-30 1963-01-15 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Composite fibers
US2907626A (en) * 1958-01-15 1959-10-06 Bjorksten Res Lab Inc Metal coating of glass fibers at high speeds
US2998620A (en) * 1958-06-09 1961-09-05 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and means for centrifuging curly fibers
US2992517A (en) * 1958-08-11 1961-07-18 American Optical Corp Method and apparatus for use in the fabrication of light-conducting devices
US3088297A (en) * 1960-06-01 1963-05-07 American Optical Corp Apparatus for drawing fibers
US3074256A (en) * 1960-09-20 1963-01-22 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for metal coating glass filaments
US3192023A (en) * 1961-10-30 1965-06-29 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method for uniting two molten streams by attenuating
US3274324A (en) * 1961-10-30 1966-09-20 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for forming heat-softenable materials
US3288583A (en) * 1962-06-07 1966-11-29 Bausch & Lomb Apparatus for producing optical fiber
GB1070257A (en) * 1964-07-24 1967-06-01 Chemcell 1963 Ltd Spinning thermoplastic polymer filaments
US3347959A (en) * 1964-10-08 1967-10-17 Little Inc A Method and apparatus for forming wire from molten material
DE1435466A1 (de) * 1964-10-24 1969-03-20 Freudenberg Carl Fa Verfahren zur Herstellung textiler Faserprodukte
US3543332A (en) * 1966-09-21 1970-12-01 Celanese Corp Apparatus for producing fibrous structures
US4300876A (en) * 1979-12-12 1981-11-17 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Apparatus for fluidically attenuating filaments
US4778460A (en) * 1985-10-07 1988-10-18 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Multilayer nonwoven fabric
US4668566A (en) * 1985-10-07 1987-05-26 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Multilayer nonwoven fabric made with poly-propylene and polyethylene
US4753834A (en) * 1985-10-07 1988-06-28 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven web with improved softness
US5629089A (en) * 1993-11-05 1997-05-13 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Glass fiber insulation product
US5529596A (en) * 1994-05-02 1996-06-25 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Method for making dual-glass fibers by causing one glass to flow around another glass as they are spun from a rotating spinner
US5576252A (en) * 1995-05-04 1996-11-19 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Irregularly-shaped glass fibers and insulation therefrom
US5523265A (en) * 1995-05-04 1996-06-04 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Glass compositions and fibers therefrom
US5622903A (en) * 1995-05-04 1997-04-22 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Irregularly shaped glass fibers and insulation therefrom

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2455907A (en) * 1944-04-15 1948-12-07 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for melting glass
US2518744A (en) * 1946-03-21 1950-08-15 Glass Fibers Inc Apparatus for making staple fiber
US2491761A (en) * 1946-05-11 1949-12-20 H I Thompson Company Method of producing silica fibers and fibrous articles produced thereby
US2582919A (en) * 1946-08-28 1952-01-15 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Coloring glass fibers
US2794301A (en) * 1953-01-29 1957-06-04 Flex O Lite Mfg Corp Production of free-flowing glass beads
US2954582A (en) * 1953-02-25 1960-10-04 James W Case Apparatus for coating glass fibers
US2979424A (en) * 1953-09-17 1961-04-11 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Metal coated glass fibers and method of making them
US2863176A (en) * 1954-04-07 1958-12-09 Lof Glass Fibers Co Process of producing mats of glass fibers
US2839424A (en) * 1955-08-10 1958-06-17 Lof Glass Fibers Co Method of providing glass fibers with plural superimposed different oxide coatings and products thereby produced
US3077091A (en) * 1956-12-28 1963-02-12 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Fiber production
US2939761A (en) * 1958-03-03 1960-06-07 Smith Corp A O Method of producing glass fibers
US3011929A (en) * 1958-12-11 1961-12-05 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Mineral fiber product
US3287155A (en) * 1962-11-08 1966-11-22 Du Pont Process for impregnating glass fiber mat with methyl methacrylate polymer
US3549343A (en) * 1969-01-27 1970-12-22 David Gordon Loukes Method for removing tin from flat glass
US3615250A (en) * 1969-03-26 1971-10-26 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Supplemental oxygen supply system
US4001357A (en) * 1972-08-02 1977-01-04 Alfred Walz Process for the manufacture of fibers from fusible materials
US5979191A (en) * 1997-06-02 1999-11-09 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for melting of glass batch materials
US6209355B1 (en) 1997-06-02 2001-04-03 Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. Method for melting of glass batch materials
US20160032497A1 (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 American Felt & Filter Company Multi-fiber carding apparatus and method
US9551092B2 (en) * 2014-07-29 2017-01-24 American Felt & Filter Company Multi-fiber carding apparatus and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR849843A (fr) 1939-12-02
BE432563A (de)
CH226663A (de) 1943-04-30
CH226421A (de) 1943-04-15
FR849842A (fr) 1939-12-02
US2331945A (en) 1943-10-19
BE432562A (de)

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