US2330905A - Soluble photographic layer of colloidal gums and process of conditioning such gums for such use - Google Patents

Soluble photographic layer of colloidal gums and process of conditioning such gums for such use Download PDF

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Publication number
US2330905A
US2330905A US357609A US35760940A US2330905A US 2330905 A US2330905 A US 2330905A US 357609 A US357609 A US 357609A US 35760940 A US35760940 A US 35760940A US 2330905 A US2330905 A US 2330905A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gums
soluble
solution
photographic
conditioning
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US357609A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fritz W H Mueller
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GAF Chemicals Corp
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General Aniline and Film Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE475545D priority Critical patent/BE475545A/xx
Application filed by General Aniline and Film Corp filed Critical General Aniline and Film Corp
Priority to US357609A priority patent/US2330905A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2330905A publication Critical patent/US2330905A/en
Priority to GB18694/47A priority patent/GB640272A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/825—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antireflection means or visible-light filtering means, e.g. antihalation
    • G03C1/835—Macromolecular substances therefor, e.g. mordants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/805—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by stripping layers or stripping means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to soluble photographic layers prepared from colloidal gums, said layers having adhesive properties, a method of conditioning said gums for use in making said layers and the gums so conditioned.
  • colloids are extensively used in photography in the manufacture of layers such as surface-, back-, and anti-halation layers and adhesive layers. In the latter case they are extensively employed in the formation of the so-called photographic strip film.
  • Such film essentially comprises, in the order of their arrangement, a temporary support, a strip or adhesive layer, 'a permanent support and a photographic emulsion.
  • the prior art has proposed to utilize for this purpose such colloids as soluble gelatine, glues, dextrines and the like.
  • colloids may also be employed for the formation of the other layers previously mentioned, the character or property in question permitting them when cast into layers, to be united directly to the film base or other layers thereon.
  • the conditioning treatment to which reference has been made involves a partial hydrolysis of the colloids in question either by acids, mineral or organic, or by enzymes.
  • the hydrolysis leads to products of much greater solubility than the original colloids and of sufficient viscosity to serve the desired purpose.
  • Suitable acids for the hydrolysis are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid and the like.
  • Suitable enzymes are the products sold by Roehm & Haas Co.
  • the treatment must produce a product readily soluble in photographic treating baths. In certain cases this may also mean solubility in water, but this is purely incidental.
  • the time of treatment must not proceed so far as to result in products sticky in character. The duration of reaction is. therefore, at least to an extent, that products soluble in photographic treating baths result but is not so prolonged that sticky products ensue. A simple test will enable an operator to determine when he is within these limits and hence the fact that a specific time statement cannot be given is of no consequence.
  • Acids either organic or inorganic serve to catalyse hydrolytic reactions independently of the nature of the material hydrolysed or of the bonds to be hydrolysed. They accelerate hydrolysis of carbohydrates, proteins or fats uniformly, the degree being dependent to a certain extent at least upon the duration of their action. The same does not apply to the action of enzymes. Their action is specific as regards the material treated, different enzymes being required for carbohydrates. proteins or fats. Consequently by a proper selection of or by a combination of proteolytic or carbohydrate splitting enzymes, the colloids may be converted into products different in character from those obtained by the treatment with acids.
  • the application of a carbohydrate splitting enzyme may leave the protein component entirely intact, such component, as is known, being important for the adhesive strength of the colloid layer.
  • a protein hydrolyzing enzyme may leave small amounts of suspended particles of fatunaffected, the destruction of which by acid hydrolysis would eliminate a desirable self-lubricating effect of the layers.
  • the choice of the enzyme is, therefore, dictated, on the one hand, by the constitution of the colloid, and on the other hand by the properties which the operator desires in the final product.
  • the acid hydrolysis produces a rapid decrease in viscosity and, therefore, care must be taken if products of high molecular weight are to be retained.
  • the decrease in viscosity produced by enzymic hydrolysis is more easily controlled and less difficulty is involved in producing products of the desired viscosity.
  • the hydrolysis may be carried to such an extent that products of the desired viscosity, swellability and solubility may be obtained.
  • the invention is further exemplified by the accompanying self-explanatory drawing and the following examples, but it is to be understood that the examples are merely illustrative of the invention.
  • the drawing illustrates in section strip film containing a colloid treated according to the invention as the adhesive layer.
  • Example 1 A complete extract of kg. of carageen is made with 100 liters of 3% acetic acid at room temperature. The solution is filtered and then heated to 100 C. and thereafter quickly cooled. The solution may be cast as in Examples 1 and 2 to produce either an adhesive layer or an anti-halation coating, or the like. The cast film is easily soluble in developers, fixers or water but possesses sufficient adhesion to prevent premature stripping.
  • Example 2 -5 kg. of psyllium seed are extracted with 100 liters of boiling water for 2 hours and filtered while hot. 2 liters of glacial acetic acid are added to the filtrate which is then kept for 20 to 30 minutes at a temperature of 90 to 95 C. After cooling the solution is neutralized with sodium carbonate. The solution may then be cast as in Examples 1 and 2. The film obtained by casting is soluble in developers, fixers or water but is of such adhesive strength that premature stripping is avoided.
  • Example 3.5 kg. of Iceland moss are extracted with 100 liters of a 1% solution of potassium carbonate at a temperature of to C.
  • the extract is filtered off and the residue washed with water.
  • the extract is discarded.
  • the residue is again extracted for 2 hours with liters of 5% acetic acid at a temperature of 90 to 95 C. and filtered.
  • the acid extract forms a semitransparent film soluble in' water, insoluble in developers but soluble in fixers.
  • the solution may be used to form the layers previously mentioned.
  • Earample 5.2 kg. of carageen are completely extracted with 100 liters of warm water and the extract filtered.
  • 100 g. of rennin 1230,000 are added to the non-buffered solution and kept in the incubator at 40 C. for 40 hours. Thereafter the solution is heated to 90-95 C. to stop the action of the enzyme and filtered. It serves as an excellent adhesive for strip film, or for surface and anti-halation coatings.
  • the same amount of the product sold under the trade-name Amylopsin with a small amount of sodium pyrophosphate as an activator may be used with similar results.
  • Example 6.5 kg. psyllium seed (Plantago psyllium) are extracted with 100 liters of boiling water for 2 hours. After cooling a mixture of 50 g. of rennin 1:30.000 and 50 g. of the product sold under .the trade-name Amylopsin are added with a small amount of sodium pyrophosphate. The solution having a pH of 7.5 is kept in the incubator for 40 hours at 40 C.
  • Adhesive layers made of this solution are extremely soluble in photographic fixing solutions. This solution may also serve for surface and antihalation coatings.
  • Example 7 --1 kg. of Iceland moss (C'etran'a islandica) are submersed in 20 liters of water and autoclaved for 2 hours at a pressure of 10-15 pounds per sq. m. After cooling, 50 g. of Pectinol 100 are added and after the pH has been adjusted to 4.5 with McIlvaine buffer, the solution is kept in the incubator at 40-45 C. for 24 hours. Thereupon the pH is increased to 7.5 and after 50 g. of Orthozyme X have been added the solution is returned to the incubator and kept there for 48- 64 hours at 40 C.-45 C. After the incubator treatment the extract is heated to 90 C. and filtered while hot.
  • An adhesive made with this solution is easily soluble in developers, insoluble in fixers, but 'soluble in water subsequent to fixation and allows easy stripping.
  • the solution may also serve for surfaceand anti-halation coatings.
  • a photographic strip film comprising a permanent support having a silver halide emulsion thereon and a temporary support containing as the adhesive layer between the temporary and permanent supports the hydrolyzed colloid prepared by subjecting a colloid selected from the class consisting of carageen, extract of lichen and psyllium seed to hydrolysis by means of a hydrolysing agent selected from the class consisting oi acids and enzymes while heating until the colloid becomes readily soluble in photographic baths and when cast forms a transparent non-sticky layer.
  • hydrolyzed colloid is prepared by means of an acid.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
US357609A 1940-09-20 1940-09-20 Soluble photographic layer of colloidal gums and process of conditioning such gums for such use Expired - Lifetime US2330905A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE475545D BE475545A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1940-09-20
US357609A US2330905A (en) 1940-09-20 1940-09-20 Soluble photographic layer of colloidal gums and process of conditioning such gums for such use
GB18694/47A GB640272A (en) 1940-09-20 1947-07-14 Soluble photographic layers of colloidal gums and process of conditioning such gums for such use

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US357609A US2330905A (en) 1940-09-20 1940-09-20 Soluble photographic layer of colloidal gums and process of conditioning such gums for such use

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US2330905A true US2330905A (en) 1943-10-05

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BE (1) BE475545A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB640272A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1980002879A1 (en) * 1979-06-21 1980-12-24 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Composite photographic structure
US4407932A (en) * 1981-03-12 1983-10-04 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. Fade-resistant and abrasion resistant photographic reproduction, method of preparing, and photographic product therefor
EP1083797A4 (en) * 1998-06-05 2001-08-08 Kellog Co MODIFICATION OF PSYLLIUM BY ACID AND SOLVENT

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1980002879A1 (en) * 1979-06-21 1980-12-24 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Composite photographic structure
US4407932A (en) * 1981-03-12 1983-10-04 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. Fade-resistant and abrasion resistant photographic reproduction, method of preparing, and photographic product therefor
EP1083797A4 (en) * 1998-06-05 2001-08-08 Kellog Co MODIFICATION OF PSYLLIUM BY ACID AND SOLVENT

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB640272A (en) 1950-07-19
BE475545A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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