US2325180A - Free grinding device for steels and alloys - Google Patents
Free grinding device for steels and alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2325180A US2325180A US365298A US36529840A US2325180A US 2325180 A US2325180 A US 2325180A US 365298 A US365298 A US 365298A US 36529840 A US36529840 A US 36529840A US 2325180 A US2325180 A US 2325180A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sulphide
- steels
- grinding
- abrasive
- wheel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=S PTISTKLWEJDJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 molybdenum su1phide Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
Definitions
- the invention relates to the free grinding of steels and alloys and the like and to abrasive wheels therefor.
- the sulphide may be intimatel incorporated of the abrasive or grinding any suitable manner and according to the manufacture of a wheel embodying the invention I have used to good advantage a formula consisting of 6 to 6 /2 pounds of abrasive material (as for example No. 60 emery), 30 to 40 ounces of shellac (as for example commercial flake shellac), 8 ounces of common salt (coarse fine) and around 8 ounces of molybdenum sulphide.
- the following procedure may be employed in the manufacture of the abrasive or grinding wheels:
- the abrasive material, the common salt, and the sulphide are mixed while in a thoroughly dry state as, for example, in a steam jacketed mixer, and after the thorough mixing ha been wheel in removed for use.
- the constituents of the wheel including the lubricant itself are thus intimately mixed and bonded together to form a homogeneous, mass of abrasive and lubricant particles.
- the lubricant content may thus be adjusted to has also been found that by the mcorporation of molybdenum sulphide into the abrasive or grindmg wheel an increase of 20% or more in its life are obtained. The added cost of introducing the sulphide intothe wheel is thus more than compensated.
- the relative proportions of the sulphide or lubricant and the abrasive material used are determined to some extent by the purpose for which the grinding wheels are to instead of a ratio of one to twelve or thirteen parts of sulphide and abrasive material, I may employ substantially less or substantially greater relative proportions of the molybdenum sulphide, as for example, on to twenty or one to ten.
- the incorporation of the molybdenum sulphide in other and altogether different formulae and differently bonded wheels than those set forth above substantially improves the wheels in the respects above described.
- the sulphide may be incorporated in grinding or abrasive wheels made with sodium silicate, or in wheels of the hard vitrified type, and the molybdenum sulphide is particularly suitable as the lubricant to be employed because of its high melting point.
- the invention also has utility as applied to set-up wheels, and good results have been obtained with wheels of this type embodying approximately one part of molybdenum sulphide to fourteen parts of emery by weight.
- the invention is not limited to the working of high carbon stainless steels or tool steels or alloy steels as it has the advantages and utility above set forth generally in this art.
- a grinding wheel embodying the invention is illustrated in the drawing forming a part of this application.
- Fig. 1 is a segment of the face of a grinding wheel;
- Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section of the entire wheel on diametral axis D D of Fig. l.
- the face of the wheel is shown as flat and perpendicular to its axis of rotation but it may be at any other angle, or concave or convex instead of fiat-depending on the nature of the work for which any particular wheel is intended.
- the compressed grinding material A is mounted on the usual iron ring B having threaded holes C for receiving screws whereby the wheel is mounted on a shaft.
- a grinding wheel embodying an abrasive material and a sulphide of a heavy metal as a lubricant incorporated therein in proportions of one part lubricant to ten to twenty parts abrasive material by weight.
- a grinding wheel embodying an abrasive material and molybdenum sulphide intimately incorporated therein in proportions of one part to twenty parts of abrasive material, three to part of molybdenum six parts of binder, and one sulphide.
- An abrasive device comprising a homogenous bonded mass of an abrasive material and a sulphide of a heavy metal of comparatively small particle size.
- An abrasive device embodying an abrasive material, a sulphide of a heavy metal as a inbricant, and a porosity-giving substance bonded together to form a homogeneous mass.
- An abrasive device having self-lubricating and the desired porosity qualities which are independently regulated both as to amounts and as to relative locations, formed of an intimate mixture of granular abrasive material, a sulphide of a heavy metal of comparatively small particle size, and a separate porosity-giving substance all bonded together in the original mix.
- An abrasive device embodying an abrasive material and a sulphide of aheavy metal of comparatively small particle size intimately mixed 1 resins and rubber.
- An abrasive device embodying an abrasive material and molybdenum sulphide of comparatively small particle ize intimately mixed and bonded with the abrasive material in the original mix.
- An abrasive device embodying an abrasive material and iron sulphide of comparatively small particle size intimately mixed and bonded with the abrasive material in the original mix.
- An abrasive device embodying an abrasive material and manganese sulphide of comparatively small particle size intimately mixed and bonded with the abrasivematerial in the original mix.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Description
July 27; 1943. B. EGEBERG I FREE GRINDING DEVICE FOR STEELS AND ALLOYS Filed Nov. 12, 1940 INVENTOR. B/IE GER EGEBE/QG BY ATTORNEYS particularly good results by the as a part of thebody Patented July 27, 1943 2,325,180 FREE GRINDING nnvrcn FOR STEELS AND ALLOYS Birgei' Ezeberg,
corporation of Meriden, Conn., assignor to International Silver Company,
New Jersey Meriden, Conm, a
Application November 12, 1940, Serial No. 365,298 17 Claims. 51-295) The invention relates to the free grinding of steels and alloys and the like and to abrasive wheels therefor.
In the manufacture of articles of steel and alloy an particularly certain steels as, for example, articles of cutlery and fiat tableware, dimculties have been experienced with the use of the conventional grinding wheel in that the wheel was not of a sufficiently free cutting nature to avoid clogging with abraded steel to avoid searches and cracks. I have found that these difliculties are considerably reduced, if not entirely obviated, by intimately incorporating a the body of and with the particles of the grinding wheel so as to function as a lubricant at the very point or points of action between the particles of the grinding wheel and the work. I have obtained use of a sulphide such as molybdenum su1phide, -MoS2, which is present in suitable quantity with the particles thereof dispersed throughout the grinding body.
The relative the sulphide and ticuiar articles to be worked upon. In the manufacture of cutlery and tableware I have found that a grinding wheel embodying molybdenum sulphide of one part by weight of sulphide to marked advantages over the conventional abrasive wheel in that a freer cutting or grinding is'produced with the clogging by abraded metallic particles being substantially reduced or entirely obviated and with the scorches and cracks reduced or substantially eliminated.
The sulphide may be intimatel incorporated of the abrasive or grinding any suitable manner and according to the manufacture of a wheel embodying the invention I have used to good advantage a formula consisting of 6 to 6 /2 pounds of abrasive material (as for example No. 60 emery), 30 to 40 ounces of shellac (as for example commercial flake shellac), 8 ounces of common salt (coarse fine) and around 8 ounces of molybdenum sulphide.
The following procedure may be employed in the manufacture of the abrasive or grinding wheels: The abrasive material, the common salt, and the sulphide are mixed while in a thoroughly dry state as, for example, in a steam jacketed mixer, and after the thorough mixing ha been wheel in removed for use.
The constituents of the wheel including the lubricant itself are thus intimately mixed and bonded together to form a homogeneous, mass of abrasive and lubricant particles. The lubricant content may thus be adjusted to has also been found that by the mcorporation of molybdenum sulphide into the abrasive or grindmg wheel an increase of 20% or more in its life are obtained. The added cost of introducing the sulphide intothe wheel is thus more than compensated.
After such a wheel has its lowest point of safety, removed from the heat remeltedand been ground. down to the remainder can be iron ring and with suflicient eilected the shellac is added and thoroughly 5 range of 6 to 12 may be introduced with useiul mula is for the purpose .Bytheuseofmy grinding function corporation 'of be used amongst which may be mentioned the other natural resins, the synthetic resins (such as Bakelite), rubber (natural and artificial), etc.
The relative proportions of the sulphide or lubricant and the abrasive material used are determined to some extent by the purpose for which the grinding wheels are to instead of a ratio of one to twelve or thirteen parts of sulphide and abrasive material, I may employ substantially less or substantially greater relative proportions of the molybdenum sulphide, as for example, on to twenty or one to ten.
The incorporation of the molybdenum sulphide in other and altogether different formulae and differently bonded wheels than those set forth above substantially improves the wheels in the respects above described. For example, the sulphide may be incorporated in grinding or abrasive wheels made with sodium silicate, or in wheels of the hard vitrified type, and the molybdenum sulphide is particularly suitable as the lubricant to be employed because of its high melting point.
The invention also has utility as applied to set-up wheels, and good results have been obtained with wheels of this type embodying approximately one part of molybdenum sulphide to fourteen parts of emery by weight.
The common salt employed in the above forof providing for the desired porosity in the wheels and the desired cool cutting therein, that is, wheels less liable to burn at high speeds. This contributes to and enhances the advantage gained by the use of a lubricant. It is understood that any other equivalent material may be used for this purpose.
I am aware of the fact that molybdenum suiphide and other sulphur bearing materials, as well as selenium, have been used or proposed for be used. For example,
use as additions to steels in order to produce certain free machining and free grinding properties.
invention it is unnecessary to sulphides in the steels or steel metallic alloys, since the free is produced by the material inthe grinding or abrasive wheel incorporate such alloys or other corporated in itself. Moreover. some steels and alloys are rather sensitive to the addition of molybdenum sulphide and the like in that they acquire undesirable physical properties by reason or the inthe sulphides therein. For example, a high carbon variety of stainless steel is in this category, and it being impossible to obtain a high carbon steel of the free grinding variety which does not possess. the undesirable physical properties referred to, my invention is particularly useful in connection with the grinding and polishing of articles, as for example cutlery and fiat tableware, of high carbon stainless steels. The same applies to tool steels and to alloy steels diflicult to grind. Especially in the case of alloy addition, the heat conductivity of the steel is lowered and local overheating and cracking during grinding is induced. Such steels therefore require an exceptionally cool and free cutting grinding wheel. For the reasons indicated, however, the invention is not limited to the working of high carbon stainless steels or tool steels or alloy steels as it has the advantages and utility above set forth generally in this art.
A grinding wheel embodying the invention is illustrated in the drawing forming a part of this application. In this drawing- Fig. 1 is a segment of the face of a grinding wheel; and
Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section of the entire wheel on diametral axis D D of Fig. l.
The face of the wheel is shown as flat and perpendicular to its axis of rotation but it may be at any other angle, or concave or convex instead of fiat-depending on the nature of the work for which any particular wheel is intended.
The compressed grinding material A is mounted on the usual iron ring B having threaded holes C for receiving screws whereby the wheel is mounted on a shaft.
I claim:
1. A grinding wheel embodying molybdenum sulphide incorporated therein.
2. A grinding wheel embodying an abrasive material and a sulphide of a heavy metal as a lubricant incorporated therein in proportions of one part lubricant to ten to twenty parts abrasive material by weight.
3. A grinding wheel embodying an abrasive material and molybdenum sulphide intimately incorporated therein in proportions of one part to twenty parts of abrasive material, three to part of molybdenum six parts of binder, and one sulphide.
5. A grinding wheel embodying by weight 10 to 20 parts of abrasive material, 3 to 6 parts of. binder, 1 part of common molybdenum sulphide.
6. An abrasive device comprising a homogenous bonded mass of an abrasive material and a sulphide of a heavy metal of comparatively small particle size.
7. An abrasive device embodying an abrasive material, a sulphide of a heavy metal as a inbricant, and a porosity-giving substance bonded together to form a homogeneous mass.
8. An abrasive device having self-lubricating and the desired porosity qualities which are independently regulated both as to amounts and as to relative locations, formed of an intimate mixture of granular abrasive material, a sulphide of a heavy metal of comparatively small particle size, and a separate porosity-giving substance all bonded together in the original mix.
9. An abrasive device embodying an abrasive material and a sulphide of aheavy metal of comparatively small particle size intimately mixed 1 resins and rubber.
salt and 1 part of particle size, and a separate porosity-giving substance all bonded together in the original mix by a binder'of the class consisting of natural and synthetitc resins and rubber.
12. An abrasive device embodying an abrasive material and molybdenum sulphide of comparatively small particle ize intimately mixed and bonded with the abrasive material in the original mix.
13. An abrasive device embodying an abrasive material and iron sulphide of comparatively small particle size intimately mixed and bonded with the abrasive material in the original mix.
14. An abrasive device embodying an abrasive material and manganese sulphide of comparatively small particle size intimately mixed and bonded with the abrasivematerial in the original mix.
BIRGER EGEBERG.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US365298A US2325180A (en) | 1940-11-12 | 1940-11-12 | Free grinding device for steels and alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US365298A US2325180A (en) | 1940-11-12 | 1940-11-12 | Free grinding device for steels and alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2325180A true US2325180A (en) | 1943-07-27 |
Family
ID=23438290
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US365298A Expired - Lifetime US2325180A (en) | 1940-11-12 | 1940-11-12 | Free grinding device for steels and alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2325180A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2488891A (en) * | 1946-02-11 | 1949-11-22 | Frederick H Apel | Method of making abrasive grinding members |
| US2578167A (en) * | 1945-09-21 | 1951-12-11 | Dentatus Ab | Grinding wheel and method of producing same |
| US2811430A (en) * | 1955-04-25 | 1957-10-29 | Abrasive And Metal Products Co | Abrasives |
| US2939777A (en) * | 1957-03-11 | 1960-06-07 | Abrasive & Metal Products Co | Abrasives |
| US2940841A (en) * | 1957-03-11 | 1960-06-14 | Abrasive & Metal Products Co | Abrasives |
| US3078227A (en) * | 1960-03-23 | 1963-02-19 | Rolz On Inc | Cutting and grinding composition |
-
1940
- 1940-11-12 US US365298A patent/US2325180A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2578167A (en) * | 1945-09-21 | 1951-12-11 | Dentatus Ab | Grinding wheel and method of producing same |
| US2488891A (en) * | 1946-02-11 | 1949-11-22 | Frederick H Apel | Method of making abrasive grinding members |
| US2811430A (en) * | 1955-04-25 | 1957-10-29 | Abrasive And Metal Products Co | Abrasives |
| US2939777A (en) * | 1957-03-11 | 1960-06-07 | Abrasive & Metal Products Co | Abrasives |
| US2940841A (en) * | 1957-03-11 | 1960-06-14 | Abrasive & Metal Products Co | Abrasives |
| US3078227A (en) * | 1960-03-23 | 1963-02-19 | Rolz On Inc | Cutting and grinding composition |
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