Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
  • D06M15/333—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof of vinyl acetate; Polyvinylalcohol
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/80—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides
  • D06M11/82—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides with boron oxides; with boric, meta- or perboric acids or their salts, e.g. with borax
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/10—Polyvinyl halide esters or alcohol fiber modification
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/21—Nylon
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core

Definitions

• This invention relates to new sizing compositions which are suitable for use on knitting yarns composed of synthetic linear polyamides.
• the size must protect the fabric from snags and pulled threads.
• a full-fashioned stocking fabric is sheer and delicate. It is subjected to a considerable amount of handling after the knitting operation; for it mustbe looped, seamed, stitched, inspected, and preset before it is dyed. The rough hands of operators cause entirely too many pulled threads if the size does not give good protection.
• the size must adhere well and bind the filaments together during twisting, coning and other textile operations and perform well during and following the knitting operation.
• the action of the knitting needles and sinkers on the sized yarn is so drastic as to cause flaking 01f of the size with resultant loss of protection if the size does not adhere extremely well.
• synthetic linear polyamide filaments are spun substantially round and smooth and synthetic linear polyamides are markedly insensitive to water, the problem of size adherence is much greater than it is for relatively water-sensitive yarns such as viscose rayon, cotton, etc.
• the sized yarn mustrun well on the knitting machine; that is, after passing through the dip trough, it must not stick to the guides and snappers following a shut-down of the machine and size must not accumulate on the needles and sinkers. Sticking on the guides and snappers causes press-offs when the machine is started up again. Accumulation on the needles and sinkers eventually causes holes and runs in the fabric if the accumulation becomes severe.
• the size must soften sufiiciently on passing through the dip trough to enable the formation of regular stitches of uniform size and to cement the loops together when the fabric dries. If the size softens insufliciently, poor stitch formation and poor snag resistance result. on the other hand, if it softens too much, the
• the size must be readily removable in an aqueous boil-oil. bath before dyeing. It is generally desirable, though not always necessary, to remove the size before dyeing the fabric. It is much more economical to remove the size with water than with some other solvent.
• the size should be free from any tendency to cause corrosion or abrasion of the various parts of the knitting machines which the yarn contacts.
• an object of the present invention to furnish an improved type of textile sizing composition particularly suitable for sizing synthetic linear polyamide knitting yarns to be used in the production of sheer, full-fashioned hosiery.
• a specific object of the invention is to provide of being successfully knitted into full-fashioned hosiery.
• sizing compositions which are. suitable for the sizing of synthetic linear polyamide yarns tobe used in knitting sheer, full-fashioned hosiery, can be prepared from polyvinyl alcohol, or a watersensitive derivative of polyvinyl alcohol, and
• the tannic acid anchor coat decreases the water-sensitivity of the size coat sumciently to make possible conditioning of the sized polyamide yarn over water. This is very advantageous because of the practical ease of controllingsuch a conditioning process.
• polyethylene oxide polyethylene glycol
• This polyethylene oxide is a polymerization product obtained from ethylene oxide and preferably has a molecfreedom from flaking on, use of the polyethylene oxide plasticitd size with or without an I anchor coat of tainic acid is particularly ada sized, synthetic linear polyamide yarn capable vantageous for yarn that is to be. twisted after the sizing operation.
• polyethylene oxide as a plasticizing agent in a water-sensitive hydroxylated polyvinyl resin sizing composition is the invention of D. E. Strain and is described and claimed in the co-pending application, Ser. No. 357,755 died of even date herewith.
• Examplel A skein of 30-denier, 10-filament, ISO-tum polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn is sized by soaking the skein of yarn in a solution comprising 8% of partially saponifled polyvinyl acetate having a saponification number of 140 and a viscosity of centipoises in a 4% aqueous solution at 20 C.,' 1.7% boric acid, and 90.3% water.
• the skein is removed from the bath-and centrifuged to remove excess solution. It is then dried, wound on to a bobbin, and finally coned, applying approximately 5% olive oil in the coning operation.
• the yarn knits well on a fullfashioned hosiery knitting machine.
• the knitted fabric has good snag resistance and is not subject to objectionable edge roll characteristics.
• Example II The size is readily removed by washing the fabric in hot water.
• the yarn After drying, the yarn is sized with a solution comprising 7.5% partially saponifled polylution, then dried, and soaked in a solution of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate and boric acid such as is described in Example I.
• the skein is removed from the size bath, centrifuged, and dried.
• the yarn is wound on to a bobbin and from the bobbin to a cone, applying about 5% teaseed oil tothe yarnr.
• the yarn knits well on a. full-fashioned knitting machine, does not flake off, and does not stick to the parts of the knitting machine.
• the size is removed from the yarn by washing the fabric in hot water; the size is more easily removed from the yarn by adding a small amount of soap or a small amount of alkali to the washing water.
• Example III A skem of 30-denier, lu-filament, 30-turnpolyhexamethylene sebacamide yarn is sized, dried, and coned in accordance with the method outlined in Example I.
• the sized yarn has good knitting and snag resisting characteristics.
• Ezample V A BO-denier, 10-filament, 2-turn yarn prepared fro-m polyhexamethylene adipamide is put on' an uptwister and given 28 turns additional vinyl acetate having a saponlflcation number of approximately and a viscosity of approximately 5 centipoises in a 4% aqueous solution at 20 C., 1.6% boric acid, and approxmately 90.9% water.
• the size is applied on-the-run in a machine constructed much like a coning machine, but having a bobbin as the windup package. The size is applied by passing the yarnover a rotating roll dipping into a trough containing size solution. Sizing is carried out in a room having 50% relative humidity at 88 F.
• the size dries sumciently before being wound up to prevent sticking or wicking.- Three percent of size is applied. The yarn is coned while applying 3.5% of olive oil. The resulting yarn is found to knit well on a standard full-fashioned-knitting machine. The size is removed by washing the fabric in a hot water solution containing 0.1% hydrated trisodium phosphate, 0.1% oxalic acid, and 0.5% fatty alcohol sodium sulfate.
• Example VI Fifty parts of a composition comprising 10% triethanolamine'oleate, 20% crude lauryl alcohol and 70% olive oil; are emulsified in 50 parts of a solution of 4% dipotassium phosphate in water. The eniulsification may be accomplished by slowly dropping the oil phase into the water phase while vigorously stirring with a high speed stirrer followed by several passes through a colloid mill.
• the resulting oil emulsion is applied to a yarn coated first with tannic acid and then sized as in Example V.
• the oil emulsion is applied during the coning operation by means, of a rotating roll dipping in the oil emulsion; Approximately 4% of the oil is applied.
• the resulting yarn has excellent knitting properties even though conditioned at a high relative humidity. The size and the coning oil are readily removed by washing the fabric in hot water.
• Example VII Yarn sized as in Example V is coned while applying 5%, of a neutral vegetable oil. This yarn is conditioned over water and knitted in the usual manner with the yarn passing through a water dip or a water wick prior to going through the carrier tube.
• the water dip has to 4 of dipotassium phosphate added to it.
• This alkaline treatment improved the knitting properties of the yarn and decreases the number of press-offs and holes in the knitted fabric. The size is readily removed from the fabric by washing in hot water.
• Example VIII twist while applying a 25% boat of tannic acid fashioned knitting machine.
• Example IX of a low viscosity polyvinyl alcohol obtained by" completely saponifying polyvinyl acetate
• 170 cc. of 37% formaldehyde and 16 cc. of concentrated hydrochloric acid to 75-80 C. with stirring during 3-4. hours, neutralizing with monia (using methyl red as indicator), and mixing 200 grams of this solution with 50 grams of a 5% aqueous solution of boric acid and 125 grams of water.
• the sized yarn was air-dried and twist set in an oven at 160 F. wet bulb, 170 F. dry bulb.
• the yarn was coned and knit on a full- The size ran well on the knitting machine with very little deposit and the knitted fabric had good snag resistance.
• the partial formal of this example had approximately 20% of formal.
• Example X Ninety-six ends of a 30-denier, l5-fllament, 30-tum polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn were taken from a magazine creel, formed into a warp with ends /4 of an inch apart, sized with a 24 inch application roll, dried in a 14 foot drier at finally wound up on individual packages on a chain quiller.
• the size composition contained 8% of a low viscosity partial acetate of polyvinyl alcohol, 1.6% boric acid, and approximately 90.4% water.
• the yarn speed was 300 feet per minute.
• the R. P. M. of the size application roll was 9. Approximately 6% of size was applied to the yarn. After drying, the yarn was coned while applying a teaseed coning oil.
• the yarn was knit on a full-fashioned hosiery knitting machine.
• the stitch formation, edge-rolling characteristics, and snag-resistance were Example XI Seventy parts of a 10% solution of a low viscosity partially hydrolyzed polvinyl propionate (saponification No. 132) were mixed with 1.4 parts of boric acid dissolved in 28 parts of water. Vigorous agitation and cooling was necessary to produce a clear solution.
• This size solution was applied to a 30-denier, lo-fllament, 30-twist polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn by means of a size roll using a yarn speed of 1,000 feet per minute. The yarn after being allowed to dry overnight at a relative humidity of 50% at 25 was found to contain 4.58% size.
• the sized yarn was knit on a 45 gauge full-fashioned hosiery knitting machine. No size accumulated upon the needles of the knitting machine during the knitting. The yard delivered freely from the cones and did not tend to stick to the needles. The width of the fabric was satisfactory, and the rolls at the edge were not tight. The snag resistance of the knitted fabric was good.
• Example XII upon the needles of the knitting machine, and 75 of the fabric were not tight.
• Example XIII A size solutionysimilar to that of Example :1, was prepared using 10% of boric acid basedon the partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl propionate.
• the concentration of thepolyvinyl alcohol derivative in the solution was again 7%.
• a 80- denier, lo-filament, 30-twist polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn was sized with this solutionat 1,000 feet per minute, the size being applied with The yarn was found to contain 2.32% of size.
• the yarn was knit on a 45 gauge full-fashioned hosiery machine. The siu showed a negligible tendency to accumulate .on the needles, and the knitted fabric was of good snag resistance.
• a size was prepared by mixing together a solution of 0.54 parts of boric acid with 36 parts of I water and 54 parts of a 10% solution of a etherified polyvinyl alcohol glycolic acid ether 35 sodium salt of medium viscosity.
• the boric acid 0 1,000 feet per minute.
• the size was applied by means of a size roll.
• the yarn was then coned with teaseed oil and knit. The yam delivered freely from the cones, did not stick-to the needies, and the size showed only a very slight tendency to accumulate upon the needles.
• Example xv A size solution, similar to that of Example XIV, was prepared using the same quantity of the same polyvinyl alcohol glycolic ether sodium salt with 1.62 parts of boric acid dissolved in 35 of water were added to bring the viscosity down to 9, figure corresponding to that of the above polyvinyl alcohol glycolic ether sodium salt size.
• a 30-denier, lo-filament, 30-twist polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn was sired with this solution at 1,000 feet per minute, the size being applied by means of a size roll. Analysis showed the yarn to contain 2.08% size.
• the yarn was co'ned with teaseed oil and knit on a 45 gauge fullfashioned hosiery machine. The yarn delivered 7 freely from the cones, did not stick to the needles, and exhibited a negligible tendency to accumulate upon the needles. The snag resistance of the knitted fabric was moderately good, while the width was satisfactory.
• Example XVI A resin was prepared by-dissolving 300 grams of partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, having a saponiflcation number of to 15 and a viscosity in 4,% aqueous solution at 25 C. of to 6 centipoises, in 1,700 grams of H20 and adding 24 grams of isobutyraldehyde and 8 cc. of concentrated I-ICl to the solution. The mixture was heated for 3 hours on a steam bath with stirring and then cooled and filtered. Two hundred grams of this solution were neutralized to methyl red with KOH and then mixed with 90 grams of 5% boric acid and 85 grams oi. water.
• a 30- denier, 10-filament, 30-turn polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn was sized with this size on our single position bobbin-to-bobbin sizer at a windup speed of 1,500 feet per minute, and a size roll speed of 10 R. P. M.
• the sized yarn was twistset in a 170 F. dry bulb, 160 F. wet bulb oven for 1.5 hours and was then coned with the application of teaseed oil. Size did not accumulate on the knitting machine during knitting and the knit fabric had a. good snag resistance.
• the present invention broadly contemplates the preparation of sizes from polyvinyl alcohol and water-sensitive derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol together with boric acid. Such sizes are generally suitable for sizing of synthetic linear polyamide yarn which is to be used in the knitting of sheer full-fashioned hosiery.
• watersensitive polyvinyl compounds in which 1% to 50%, and preferably to 50%, of the carbon atoms of the polyvinyl chain are attached to hy droxyl groups (such compounds being hereinafter referred to as hydroxylated polyvinyl resin) when treated with boric acid produce very desirabl yarn sizes.
• the water-sensitive derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol which have given particularly good results are the partial esters of polyvinyl alcohol such as the partial acetates, the partial propionates, the glycolic acid esters, the partial formates, and the partial lactates; the partial ethers of polyvinyl alcohol such as the glycol ethers, the glycolic acid ethers, the methyl ethers, and the ethyl ethers, and including also. the partial acetals of polyvinyl alcohol such as the partial formal, the partial acetal, the partial glyoxal, the partial propional, and the partial butyral, and including also the partial ketals of polyvinyl alcohol such as ethyl-methyl ketal.
• water-sensitive derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol produced by interpolymerization of polyvinyl esters with small proportions of other components such as vinyl chloride, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid (produced by saponification), maleic anhydride, methyl vinyl ketone and unsymmetrical dichloroethylene will be suitable for use in the production of sizes in accordance with the present invention by treatment with boric acid.
• partially saponified or hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates having saponiflcation numbers fromv to 145 and viscoslties from 4 to 6 centipoises in 4% solutions at 20 0. modified with 20% to 22.5% boric acid (based on th weight of the polyvinyl acetate) are particularly useful for sizing synthetic linear polyamide full-fashioned hosiery knitting yarns, numerous other partially saponified polyvinyl acetates and various mixtures and combinations thereof lie within the scope of the present invention.
• Partially saponified polyvinyl acetates having saponification numbers of between 10 and 300, or even somewhat lower than 10 or higher than 300, may be used to advantage in sizing synthetic linear polyamide yarns which are to be used in the knitting of sheer, full-fashioned hosiery. For better and more-consistent results, however, it is much to be preferred to use a; partially saponifled polyvinyl acetate having a saponification number between 40 and 220.
• the saponification I number of the partially saponiiied polyvinyl acetate is defined as the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to completely saponify one gram of the partially saponifled polyvinyl acetate sample.
• partially saponified polyvinyl acetate is intended to include polyvinyl acetate which has been partially hydrolyzed by saponification with alkali or by any other means.
• Partially saponiiied polyvinyl acetates having viscosities from 1.5 to 20 centipoises in a 4% solution at 20 C. are usefulinaccordance with this invention.
• the viscosity should be determined on a 4% aqueous solution at 20 C.. using a Hoeppler viscosimeter (manufactured by Gebrueder Haake, Medingen, Germany).
• the water-sensitive hydroxylated polyvinyl resins are preferably used in solutions containing from 3% to 12% of the resin.
• partial formals of polyvinyl alcohol- are also particularly useful.
• boric acid may be used with the Water-sensitive hydroxylated polyvinyl resins in the preparation of sizes containing other proportions of boric acid.
• the amount ofboric acid required to give good running properties has been found to vary with the particular hydroxylated polyvinyl resin used.
• the amount of boric acid to be used will vary between 5% and 25%, based on the weight of the said resin.
• One skilled in the art can formulate sizes with increasing amounts of boric acid and readily determine the optimum concentration.
• boric acid is generally required to give fair running properties.
• a polyvinyl acetate having a saponification number of 234 only 12.5% boric acid gives desirable results, but. this is practically all the boricacid that this partially saponified polyvinyl acetate will tolerate without precipitating from solution:
• polyvinyl acetate having a saponification number of 140 and 10% aluminum acetate as an auxiliary agent. it is possible to reduce the boric acid concentration to 10% and still retain fair running properties.
• the use of less than boric-acid with the hydroxylated polyvinyl resin. has never given sizes with very attractive running properties except when using a tannic acid undercoating. It
• proportions ofboric acid up to the limit of the tolerance 01 the polyvinyl material may be used in preparing the sizing composition.
• the limit of tolerance of the polyvinyl material for the boric acid is that percentage 01 boric acid based on the weight of the polyvinyl material which-can be barely tolerated by the polyvinyl material without causing the polyvinyl material to gel or precipitate.
• the gelling or precipitating of the polyvinyl material is an indication that the limit of tolerance oi the boric acid has been exceeded.
• tannic acid, gallic acid, digallic acid or any of the various tannins when used as an anchor coat in the sizing of a yarn in accordance with the present invention, lie within the scope of this invention and are c 'onsidered to be included by the term tannic acid. as used in the specification.
• these sizing compositions may be applied to the yarn in any convenient manner, it is pre-' ierred for reasons of economy and excellence of product to apply these sizes in some tom of continuous operation.
• This sizing process is further described and claimed in co-pending application Serial No. 369,951, filed December 13, 1940.
• polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight 01' approximately 4,000 is preferred as a plasticizer for the hydroxylated polyvinyl resins of this invention
• polyethylene oxides of other molecular weights can be used and the better results are obtained with polyethylene oxides having molecular weights from approximately 282 to approximately 10,000.
• the use of other polyethylene oxides is not to be considered as excluded from the scope of this invention. It will be apparent, of course, that other concentrations Such oils as oxidized linseed oils having iodine numbers between and 105, China-wood oil, castor oil, etc., will be found to be useful in conjunction with the sizes oi! this invention.
• Such oils maybe applied as emulsionsin water or in solutions in various solvents, such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, methyl, ethyl or butyl Cellosolve," etc. It will be apparent that the drying oil may be emulsified in the size composition or that it may be applied to the yarn in a separate step.
• alkaline after-treatment in connection with the sizing process of this invention has been disclosed above.
• the alkaline treatment tends to gel the surface 01 the size coat giving good running properties to the yarn.
• the alkaline after-treatment may be applied in numerousways by treating the yam-with vapors or solutions or alkaline substances.
• alkaline substance is meant any substance which, when shaken with water, gives an alkaline reaction to the water.
• the sizes of this invention may be modified with solutions or dispersions of various modifying agents for various purposes.
• modifying agents for various purposes.
• polymethacrylic acid or polymethacrylates may be used as modifying agents to improve the run-
• plasticizers such as glycerol, the
• various slycols, sorbitol, glucose, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethanol formamide, glyc erol glycollate, ethanol acetamide, tetraethylene glycol, dimethoxytetraethylene glycol, etc-. may be used with these sizes.
• Various lubricants such as mineral oil, olive oil, teaseed oil, other vegetable oils, sulfonated mineral oils and sulfonated based on the weight of the yarn, affording good ethanolamine and its fatty acid ester, diglycol oleate, morpholine, pyridine, etc., may be coated over these sizes either alone or mixed with a coning oil or finishing agent.
• the materials which may be added to the sizing compositions, or applied to the sized yarn may serve more than one purpose, for example, the same material may serve as a plasticizer and also as a lubricant, or as a plasticizer and a preservative.
• the sizing compositions of this invention are unique and outstanding for the sizing of synthetic linear polyamide yarns which are to be used in the knitting of sheer hosiery, they will also be useful in the sizing of other yarns and fabrics, such as cotton, silk, Wool, linen, viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon, cellulose acetate rayon, yarn prepared fromfsynthetic linear vinyl polymers and synthetic linear ethylene polymers, etc.; although the problem of adherence of the size to the yarn is not nearly so great in the case of these other types of yarn. These sizes will be found to be particularly useful for sizing yarns which are relatively water insensitive. It will also be obvious that these sizing compositions may be useful for sizing yarns to be used in weaving operations as Well as knitting operations.
• the sizes of this invention present the distinct advantage over the prior art sizes of adhering well to synthetic linear polyamide yarn while possessing other qualities desired in a sizefor yarn to be used in the knitting of sheer hosiery.
• Yarns sized with the sizes of this invention and in accordance with the process of this invention knit very well, and produce sheer, full-fashioned stocking fabrics which are relatively free of snags and pulled threads. These sizes minimize edge rolling characteristics and thus assist in the more economical production of sheer, knit, full-fashioned hosiery.
• the sizes of this invention cause very little wear and corrosion of the needles and sinkers of the knitting machines.
• the stitch formation is very good and may be maintained uniform over long periods of time.
• polyamide yarns sized in accordance with this invention are inuch more desirable, for instance, in mixed fabrics with cellulose acetate rayon and other synthetic yarns than is natural silk.
• Natural silk has approximately 20% to 24% sericin; hence, the boil-off of natural silk results in a great loss in weight of the fabric and the removal of the sericin size is so diflicult that it not infrequently causes considerable damage to cellulose acetate rayon or other synthetic fibers present in a fabric mixed with naturalsilk.
• a yarn sizing composition comprising a hydroxylated polyvinyl resin and 5%-25% boric acid based on the weight of the resin, said resin being sufliciently water-sensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn sizing composition comprising an aqueous solution of a hydroxylated polyvinyl resin and 5%-25% boric acid based on the weight of the. resin, said resin being sufficiently watersensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn sizing composition containing from 3%-12% of a hydroxylated polyvinyl resin and 5%-25% boric acid based on the weight of the resin, said resin being sufficiently water-sensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn sizing composition comprising a hydroxylated polyvinyl resin in which 1%-50% of the carbon atoms of the polyvinyl chain are.attached to hydroxyl groups and 5%-25% boric acid based on the weight of the resin, said resin being sufficiently water-sensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn sizing composition comprising boric acid and a partial ester of polyvinyl alcohol, said boric .acid being present in a quantity from 5%-25% of the weight of the resin; said resin being sufficiently water-sensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn sizing composition comprising boric 'acid and 3%-12% of a partial ester of polyvinyl alcohol, said boric acid being present in a quantity of 5%25% of the weight of the resin, said resin being sufficiently water-sensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn sizing composition comprising a partially saponified polyvinyl acetate and 5%-25% boric acid based on the weight of the acetate.
• a yarn sizing composition comprising a partial formal of polyvinyl alcohol and 5%-25% boric acid based on the weight of the formal.
• a yarn sizing composition comprising an aqueous solution of a partially saponified polyvinyl acetate and 5%-25% boric acid based on the weight of the acetate.
• a yarn sizing composition comprising an aqueous solution containing between 3%-12% of a partially saponifiedv polyvinyl acetate and 5%-25% boric acid based on the weight of the acetate.
• a yarn sizing composition comprisingfan' aqueous solution containing a partially saponie fled polyuinyl acetate and %-25% boric acid basedon the weight or the acetate, said polyvinyl acetate, having a saponiflcation number of between 40 and 220.-
• said yarn suitable for use in the knitting of sheer, full-fashioned hosiery, containing a coating of 'a size comprising a hydroxylated polyvinyl resin and 5%-25% boric acid, said resin being sufficiently water-sensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn composed of a linear polyamide comprising the reaction product of a linear polymer-forming composition which comprises in substantial amount reacting material selected from at least one of the groups consisting of (a) monoaminomonocarboxylic acids, and (b) mixtures of diamine with dibasic carboxylic acid, said yam suitable foruse in the knitting of sheer, full fashioned hosiery,-containing from 3%--12% of a hydroxylated polyvinyl resin and 5%-,25% boric acid based on the weight oi'the resin, said resin being sufliciently water-sensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn composed of a linear polyamide comprising the reaction product of a linear polymer-forming composition which comprises in substantial amount reacting material selected from at least one of the groups consisting oil (a) monoaminomonocarboxylic acids, and (b) mixtures of diamine with dibasic carboxylic acid,
• full-fashioned hosiery containing a coating of a size comprising boric acid and 3%-12% or a partial ester of polyvinyl alcohol, said boric acid being present in a quantity of 5% -25% based on the weight of the resin, said resin being suiilciently water-sensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• full-fashionedhosiery containing a coating of a size comprising boric acid and a partial ester 01' polyvinyl alcohol, said boric acid being present in a quantity of 5%-'25% based on the weight of the. resin, said resin being sufliciently watersensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn composed of a linear polyamide comprising the reaction product of a linear polymer-forming composition which comprises in substantial amount reacting material selected from at least one of the groups consisting of (a) monoaminomonocarboxylic acids, and (b) mixacetate and 5%-25%' boric acid based on the weight of the acetate.
• a yam composed of a linear polyamide comprising the reaction product of a linear polytrier-forming composition which comprises in substantial amount reacting material selected from at least one of the groups consisting of (a) monoaminomonocarboxylic acids, and (b) mixtures of diamine with dibasic carboxylic acid,
• full-fashioned hosiery containing a coating of a size comprising partially saponifled polyvinyl acetate and 5%-25% boric acid based on the weight of the acetate, said polyvinyl acetate having a saponification number between 40 and 220.
• a yarn composed of a linear polyamide comprising the reaction product of a linear polymar-forming composition which comprises in substantial amount reacting material selected from at least one of the groups consisting Of (a)' monoaminomonocarboxylic acids, and (72) mixtures of diamine with dibasic carboxylic acid, said yarn suitable for use in the knitting of'sheer, full-fashioned hosiery, containing a coating of a size comprising partially saponiiied polyvinyl acetate and 5%-25% boric acid based on the weight 01 the acetate, said polyvinyl acetate having a viscosity of between 1.5 and 20, centipoises in a 4% water solution at 20 C.
• a yarn sizing composition comprising boric acid and a partial ether of polyvinyl alcohol, said boric acid being present in a quantity from 5%25% of the weight of the resin, said resin being suflieiently water-sensitive to be readily re- 1 movable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn sizing composition comprising boric acid and 3%-12% of a partial ether of polyvinyl alcohol, said boric acid,being present in a quantity of 5%-25% of the weight of the resin, said resin being sufllciently water-sensitiv to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn composed of a linear polyamide comprising the reaction product of a linear polymer-i'orming composition which comprises in substantial amount reacting material selected from at least one of the groups consisting of (a) monoaminomonocarboxylicacids, and (b) mixtures of diamine with dibasic carboxylic acid, said yarn suitable for use in the knitting of sheer. full-fashioned hosiery, containing a coating of a size comprising boric acid and a. partial ether of polyvinyl alcohol, said boric acid being present in a quantity of 5%-25% based on the weight of the resin, said resin being sufllciently watersensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.
• a yarn composed of a linear polyamide comprising the reaction product of a linear polymer-iorming composition which comprises in substantial amount reacting material selected from at least one o! the groups consisting of (a) monoaminomonocarboxylic acids, and (b) mix- I tures of diamine with dibasic carboxylic acid,
• said yam suitable for use the knitting of sheer
• full-fashioned hosiery containing a coating of a size comprising boric acid. and 3%-.-12% of a partial ether of polyvinyl alcohol, said boric acid being present in a quantity of 5%-25% based on .the weight of the resin. said resin being sumciently water-sensitive to be readily removable from a yarn with hot water.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23406905

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (22)

Families Citing this family (1)

• 0
  • BE BE464135D patent/BE464135A/xx unknown
• 1940
  • 1940-09-21 US US357757A patent/US2324601A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1941
  • 1941-09-12 GB GB11689/41A patent/GB554268A/en not_active Expired

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