US2307859A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 12, 1943. R. c. SABINS 2,307,359

BURNER Filed s t. 4, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1- INVENTOR.

1943; R. c. SABINS 2,307,859

BURNER Filed Sept. 4, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

Patented Jan. 12, 1943 l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFECE BURNER Rolland 0. Sabins, Columbus, Ohio Application September 4, 1941, Serial No. 409,476

4 Claims.

This invention relates to a new and improved burner and more particularly to a pot type burner of the character used in stoves or heaters burning liquid hydrocarbons.

Burners of this character vaporize or gasify the liquid fuel and burn it as a gas or vapor. The burner is fed with fuel which spreads into a thin layer or film upon the bottom of the pot. This layer or film is heated by radiant heat from the flame which is spaced upwardly from the liquid and also by means of heat conducted through the walls of the vessel. Air is admitted into the pot burner through small openings in the lateral wall. These openings are located at varying heights upon the wall. The lower openings admit primary air which causes a preliminary or partial combustion of the gases and vapors adjacent the oil film upon thebottom of the pot. This primary combustion heats the film to cause the vaporization and gasification necessary to support the combustion. It also heats gases and vapors passing through or adjacent the lower or primary flame so that the gases and vapors are further broken down. The sensible heat imparted to the gases and vapors as well as their breaking down provides a hot upper flame when these gases meet the secondary air coming in through upper series of openings in the pot walls. When properly designed, the combustion is complete and the products of combustion are free from soot or unburned gases.

The ellicient design of a burner adapted to operate upon a given rate of fuel flow is relatively simple. In commercial practice, however, it is necessary to provide a burner capable of operating over a relatively wide range of heat production and consequently with a similarly wide range of fuel supply. This is especially true when the burners are used in space heaters. At times it is desired to operate the burner with a low pilot flame and a minimum fuel consumption. At other times the maximum heat output is de sired. The requirements may suddenly change from the minimum to the maximum, as, for example, When the heater is thermostatically controlled to maintain the heated space or rooms to a given temperature.

The operation of such burners is normally controlled by means of adjustable or variable fuel metering valves in connection with a constant level valve giving a fuel flow under a constant head or pressure. One form of construction designed for the purpose of improving combustion over a wide range of valve settings comprises a ring located in the lower portion of the burner and extending inwardly from the walls. Primary air openings are located below such rings and secondary air openings above the rings. In some constructions additional secondary air. may be said to enter above the ring. While such a ring may cause eflicient operation at low Or intermediate fuel settings, it lowers the efficiency at high fuel settings. This is for the reason that the ring shields a substantial portion of the burner bottom from the radiant or reflected energy of the flame. Further, such rings are of thin metal and usually are placed loosely in the burner, resting on pins or other spaced supports. Consequently, heat absorbed by the ring is not adequately transferred to the pot wall and hottomby conduction. Thus the heat is not transmitted where it is needed and in addition there is the tendency for the ring to get so hot that it distorts and sags out of its proper position. In extreme cases the ring may sag into the streams of air coming from the primary air openings below the ring and have holes burned through it. To reduce these objectionable results it is necessary to make the rings of more expensive, heat resistant steel.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved pot type burner operating efiiciently throughout a wide range of fuel consumption.

It is also an object to provide a burner having baffle means exposing portions of the base of the burner adjacent the wall to heat from a flame in the upper portion of the burner.

It is an additional object to provide bafile means connected to the burner walls in such manner as to facilitate heat transfer thereto.

It is another object to provide a burnerconstruction having no air openings extending through the pot walls below the baffle means.

It is. also an object to provide circumferentially spaced bafile means and air openings adapted to direct air upwardly and downwardly adjacent the spaces between the baiiie means.

It is a further object to provide a burner having a central raised portion in the base to make the flame more stable in location and increase the efliciency of the combustion.

It is an additional object to provide bafiie means which is rigid in construction and adapted for manufacture from inexpensive materials.

It is another object to provide a burner which is simple in design and operation and adapted for commercial production and use.

Other and further objects will appear as the description proceeds.

section, showing the method of mounting the bafiles;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a baflle as seen from the rear; and

Figure 7 is a fragmentary section showing the fuel inlet to the bottom of the burner.

Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, the burne comprises a substantially cylindrical wall portion I I having a slightly depressed bottom portion 12. The bottom portion |2 is provided with a centrally located raised section l3, the center portion H of which may be adjusted vertically. This portion i3 is shown in the drawings as a separate member welded into the bottom l2. The upper portion of the pot wall flares outwardly for a short distance, this outwardly flared portion being provided with a plurality of air inlet openings|5, and the wall has a cylindrical portion I5 above these openings. A plurality of series l1, l8 and IQ of openings for introduction of air into the burner are provided at spaced points upon the vertical wall I l. i a

The ring 26, best shown in Figure 5, is provided in the lower portion of the burner, this ring having portions 2| which are secured to the inner face of the burner wall by spot-welding or by any other desired means. Intermediate portions 22 of the ring extend inwardly and are spaced from the wall ll. These portions 22 are adapted to receive the baffle members 23 and to retain them in place. As best shown in Figure 6, each bafiie member 23 is provided with a downwardly extending portion 24 which is adapted to fit in behind a ring portion 22. Each member 23 is also provided with lateral wall portions 25 and 26 which extend rearwardly and engage the lateral shoulders 21 and 28 of the ringportion 22, as best shown in Figure 5. The edges of the walls 25 and 2B engage the face of the intermediate ring portions 2|. The bafiie members 23 are thus rigidlysupported and have substantial surfaces in contact with the ring 2| so as to transmit heat to that ring and through the ring to the pot wall As shown in Figures 1 and 5, the inner ends of the members 23 areclosely adjacent each other, while the outer ends secured to the wall are spaced apart. There are thus provided a plurality of triangular spaces, the apices of which intersect the central circular opening formed by the inner edges of the members 23. These openings permit transfer of gases and vapors from the lower portion of the burner to the upper portion and they also permit radiant heat to pass downwardly from the upper portion of the burner to the bottom of the burner.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the lowermost row of air openings is located immediately above the ring 2| and comprises openings 3|, shown in Figure 3, which incline upwardly and direct the entering stream of air upwardly, and also the openings 32, shown in Figure 4, which are inclined downwardly and direct the entering stream of air downwardly. These upwardly and downwardly directed openings are placed alternately in the series. The pot is provided adjacent its bottom with a fuel inlet opening 33, as shown in Figure 7, and also as shown in Figure '7 may be made without the central raised portion l3. The upper portion of the burner is provided with the circular flange 34 by which the burner is usually supported upon a partition or flange formed integrally with the combustion chamber or housing with which the burner is associated in use.

The baflie members 23 comprise die-formed metal sections which may be cheaply formed from ordinary black iron. Since the sections are rigid in design, due to their positive support and their lateral walls 25 and 25, they will not sag under heat and due to their location will not get in the line of flow from any of the air inlet openings. It is thus unnecessary to form the sections of more expensive heat resisting alloy steels. Further, should any section become damaged, it may be replaced without the necessity of replacing other adjacent sections. These bame sections are so positioned that the entire wall below them is imperforate and no primary air is admitted below their level.

The upwardly directed openings 3| and downwardly directed openings 32 are located opposite the triangular spaces intermediate the bafiies and are alternately placed. Thus air is directed downwardly upon one side of each baffle and upwardly upon the opposite side. The downwardly directed air streams pass downwardly between the sections and supply primary combustion supporting air in the lower zone below the baflies. These streams also provide means for purging the heavy oil vapors in the lower zone and causing them to flow inwardly and upwardly in the center of the burner where they will mix with the combustion supporting air coming in through the upper series of openings. The intermediate upwardly directed air streams flowing through openings 3| also tend to cause upward flows at intermediate portions of the periphery of the burner so that the vapors and gases are kept moving and uniformly mixed and burned. The gases are carried upwardly and reach their final combustion stage by mixing with the secondary air coming in from the upper rows of openings.

Due to their wide contact with the ring 2| and its intimate contact with the burner walls, heat from the burner sections is carried to the burner walls and bottom, which results in the thorough heating of the liquid fuel on the bottom. This additional heat gives the burner the ability to burn efficiently a very low flame, the heat aiding in generation of vapors in the bottom thereof. The burner also is very efiicient in high fire operation and reaches a proper operation at high fire setting much more rapidly than a conventional type of burner with a flat pilot ring or bafiie. The fact that the bafiie sections 23 are spaced apart allows the reflected and radiant energy from the flame above the baffle to pass directly through the baffle and raise the temperature of the burner bottom and of the gases and vapors between the bottom and the bafiie. An ordinary flat type of ring baiiie prevents the passage of this radiant heat. Also, the larger volume of gases being generated on the bottom at medium and high fire are caused to flow upwardly between the segments or baflie sections 23 by means of the upwardly directed air jets through openings 3|, which causes them to mix more thoroughly and more rapidly than with the conventional type of flat pilot or bafile ring, which forces all the gases to pass out through the annular opening in the center of the ring.

The raised portion I3 with its adjustable section [4 in the center of the bottom of the burner, has been found in actual practice to locate the center of the flame and to cause the flame to burn more steadily than where this element is not used. It also serves to heat the gases to a higher degree of temperature and to cause the flame to burn with a bluer tinge. Without this raised portion, and particularly with the usual type of ring baffle, there is a tendency for the flame at low levels to float around the bottom area with a continuously moving flame cehter. It is not necessary that the raised portion l3 have an adjustable element, as it may be made as a portion of the bottom l2 and when properly proportioned to the size of pot and the character of the bafiie, will function efficiently. As shown in Figure '7, the raised portion may be eliminated entirely and the remainder of the burner construction, including the specific form of baffle, will function to have the advantages which have been set forth herein.

The forms of construction shown are to be understood to be illustrative, as portions and relationships of the parts may be modified to meet varying conditions and requirements, and I contemplate such variations as come within the spirit or scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is: 1. In a pot type burner, a circumferentially extending ring secured to the inner wall of the burner at an intermediate point thereon, portions fitted in spaces between the ring and pot wall, c

said baflle members having downwardly directed flanges engaging the inner face of the ring.

3. In a pot type burner, a plurality of bailles of limited circumferential extent secured to the pot wall and extending inwardly therefrom; the bafiles having spaces therebetween in plan view, the pot wall having openingstherein adjacent said spaces.

4. In a pot type burner, a plurality of bafiles of limited circumferential extent secured to the pot wall and extending inwardly therefrom, the bafiles having spaces therebetween in plan view, and having additional openings therein above the baflles, the portion of the pot wall below the bafiles being imperforate.

ROLLAND C. SABINS.

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