US2252182A - Heating device and burner therefor - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 1241941.

B. B. KAHN HEATING DEVICE AND BURNER THEREFOR Filed May 10, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 0000000 o'o'o nooooooo o o o o 0 32 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Aug; 12, 1941. y B KA|-|N 2,252,182

I HEATING DEVICE Imp BURNER THEREFOR I Filed May 10, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Y had-I441 ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 12, 1941 1 2,252,182 HEATING DEVICE AND BURNER THEREFOR Bertrand B. Kahn, Cincinnati, Ohio, assignor to The Estate Stove Company, Hamilton, Ohio,

corporation of Ohio ApplicationMay 10,1938, Serial No. 207,06

20 Claims. This invention relates to heating devices and burners therefor, and more particularly to oil burners and heating devices utilizing same. One-of the principal objects of the invention is the provision of an oil burner operating to provide an efficient and effective new'process in the carrying on of the combustion therein. 7

Anotherobjectof the invention, is to provide such a process 'of combustion in which the amount of liquid fuel which may be burned within a .given apparatus may be varied over a wide range without any material adverse eifect upon efiiciency and effective operation.

Another object is 'to provide such a process ofburning the fuel that the combustion may be carried on at a high rate. of fuel consumption for liberating large quantities of heat in the heating device and may be carried on also effectively and efficiently at very low rate of consumption of the fuel.

Still another" object of theinvention is to provide a burner construction adapted for carrying out the said process of combustion.

Another object of the invention is to provide an oil burning heating device including such an oil burner, and which is simple in construction;

assembly and operation and effective and efficient over a wide range of fuel consumption in operation.

Other objects and advantages of the inventlon will be apparent from the description together with the accompanying drawings and claims hereina'fterset but.

In the drawings 'in' which like characters designate like parts throughout the several views,

Fig. 1' is a vertical sectional view through a heater comprising an oil burner and embodying a preferred form of apparatus. for carrying out the said process; i

1 Fig. 2 is a sectional view through the burner pqt along the line 2-2 of Fig. l; and

Fig. 3 is a sectional view corresponding to Fig.

2 but showing a somewhat modified form of construction.

The. heating'appliance illustrated comprises a hollow casing Ill, which is preferably of rectangular outline, primarily for purposes of appearance. This casing is suitably formed of sheet metal and is supported upon a base member ii. the casing and base member being intercon nectedfa's by means of stove bolts through the cooperating flanges designated generally by the numeral I2. 3

The-drawings illustrate a heating device of the air circulating type, the casing Hlhaving an opening in the top containing a grill member designated by the numeral l5, and having suitable openings therein through which heated air may escape from the casing, usually at considerable velocity, during operation, to cause the cir culation of air within the room or space in which the heater is placed and thus to causeresulting circulation of air within the room, as is well un-' derstood. A suitable door I6 is provided for permitting access to the interior of the space within the casing in; and, as shown, this door is placed within the front panel of the heating appliance and has a grill work opening designated generally 'Il through which the combustion conditions within the heater unit may be observed.

.Suitablysupported within the casing l0, and

spaced from the walls thereof to provide an air passage for the upflow of air to be heatedvand its outflow through the grill work I5, is a hollow member 20 within which the combustiontakes place. This member is provided with a top 2! which closes the upper end thereof. Also it has a flue outlet 22, opposite an opening 23 in the back panel of the casing 10, to receive a flue pipe section 24 to connect the interior of the combustion chamber 20 to the chimney.

The combustion chamber 20 is also provided with a door 25 preferably having mica or other transparent heat resistant material 25 therein so that the interior of the combustion space may 'be observedwithout the opening of the door 25 and also without the opening of the door l6. Each of the two doors l6 and 25 is carried by its own hinges, are placed adjacent each other and the openingfor the door I8 is larger than the door 25 so that both doors may be opened to thus give access to the interior of the combustion chamber 20 for the purpose of igniting the fuel whenever necessary; I

The lower end of the casing 20 is closed by means of a plate 30, the combustion chamber casing 20 and base plate 30 being suitably sup.- ported bythe base member II. The back panel 23 is provided at the bottom with an air inlet opening 3|. The front panel l0 and the two side panels are provided belowathe door with .a series of openings and louvers 3|; these openings being of sufficient size to permit the ingress of the air to flow upwardly between the members l0 and 20 to be, heated and discharged through the grill l5 for circulation into the room or space around the heater which'is to beheated. The air which rises upwardly and is heated in its upflow is indicated generally by the arrows 32. The base member II is provided at the rear through each of these holes and then moved to with an opening 33 which preferably extends across the back and down to the floor. Through this opening air flows along the floor, under the effect of the draft resulting from the flue action in operation, as indicated by the arrows 34, and this portion of air provides that utilized for combustion. This plate 30 has a centrally arranged opening 35 therein, and the plate alsocarries a baflle plate 36 supported upon downwardly depending lugs 31, this baiiie plate being of greater diameter than the opening 35. This plate 30 also has some openings 38 opening into the space between the inner and outer casings for setting up a more rapid circulation of air under the heater to thus prevent undue heating of the floor.

Mounted within the combustion chamber 20 immediately above the opening 35 is the burner. This burner; as shown, comprises a cylindrical pan shaped member or bowl 40 preferably made of a steel stamping, which has an inlet nipple to which is attached the oil supply pipe 42, and as shown diagrammatically this oil supply pipe 42 is provided with suitable accurate oil flow control member designated by the numeral 45. This flow control member may be one of the well-, known and satisfactorily operating flow control devices used upon oil burners; but it should'he so designed as to give very accurate control even at very low rates of flow--for example 4 cc. per minute or less.

Mounted within the lower imperforate wall of the oil pan member 40 is a generally cylindrical side portion 50, likewise preferably madeof sheet steel or the like, the lower end being welded or otherwise tightly connected within the upstanding wall of the pan 40. The upper end of bend the metal of the wall 50 to change the direction of the axis of each hole to approximately a 45 angle as shown, this operation causing some enlargement of these passages with respect to their original cross sectional dimensions. The air flowing through the holes 10, under the flue action will tend to escape into the inside of the pot 50 in a substantially horizontal direction, whereas the air entering through the downwardly inclined openings will be downwardly directed in accordance with the angle of inclination of the axes of these several holes.

Positioned below this lowermost series of holes 15 is a plate member 80, preferably loosely supported within the member 50 upon a plurality of pins inserted through openings drilled in the wall 50 and peened or riveted tightly in place. This plate 80 is provided with a centrally arranged opening 82, which with the proportions of the other parts as shown will function very satis factorily when of about the diameter indicated. This opening 82 provides a combustion connection between the lower fuel chamber and the upper combustion space above the partition. Preferably this plate 80 is somewhat dished or conethis member 50 is somewhat enlarged as indicated by the numeral 5|, and the two portions 50 and 5|, as illustrated, are preferably interconnected by an angularly inclined-portion 52,. the upper end of the portion 5| being rolled over to form a connecting flange 53 which rests upon and preferably is welded to a partition or flan e member 55, which in turn is provided with a downturned flange56. The flange 56 is shaped snugly to conform to the inside wall of the combustion member 20. If desired the-space between the two may be calked as by means of asbestos wicking to prevent uncontrolled flow of air upwardly from below the flange 55, so that none jof the combustion air coming up through the opening will pass through this joint. As shown the metal wall of the combustion member 20 is provided with a circular bead 60, which prevents upward displacemeht of the flange 55 and the burner pot carried thereby, and preferably several connecting screws or bolts iii are provided to prevent possible rotation 'between these members.

The cylindrical wall portion 50 is provided with a plurality of series of holes or passages-three series of such holes having substantially horizontal axes being designated by the numeral 10, these holes permittin the flow of streams of combustion air into the interior of the burner pot for commingling with and the combustion of the oil vapors evolved from the oil flowing into the heated burner through the pipe 42 during operation. 'I'he lowermost row of holes, designated by the numeral 15, are preferably formed by first drilling or punching them with substantiall horizontal axes through the side wall 50, like the holes 10, after which a suitable tool is inserted shaped. Such shape helps to compensate for irregularities in expansion of the metal thereof during. operation as the plate becomes heated in operation. Preferably, also, this plate should have some clearance within the inside of the cylindrical member 50 to prevent adverse effects of expansion. This plate 80 has its outer peripheral portion preferably arranged substantially horizontally and provided with a plurality of spaced openings 85. These openings, in the device as shown, particularly in Fig. 2, are so positioned that each of the openings 85 opens through the. peripheral edge of the plate 80 and each is arranged in a generally radial direction. Also the plate 80 is held, as by a locating pin and slot 86-81, so that each opening is in alignment with one of the inclined passages 15. As shown, the plate has no opening 85, directly above the oil inlet into the bowl 40 by which arrangement there is less tendency to localize combustion at one side of the lower combustion chamber. The dimensions and proportions of the parts and openings have been found in practice to be quite important for accomplishing satisfactory results with burners of this type, particularly under very low load and with low fuel consumption and very satisfactory operating results have been secured withsubstantially the proportions shown,

,. wherein the plate80 is supported above the bottom of the pan 40 a distance representing approximately 25% of the total internal height of the burner pot, and with the plate 80 below the row of passages 15.

The-open upper end of the portion 5! is partly closed by means of a plate 90, which is shown as a casting having a central aperture 9|, and

provided --with circular beads 92 on .each side thereof, this plate resting on top of the flange 53 under its own weight and because of the circular beads 92 being'reversible and self centering and providing a combustion connection between the upper combustion space or chamber above the partition 80 and the combustion space within the combustion chamber 20;

The inclined portion 52 is provided with a series of holes 95 placed much closer together than the holes 10, these holes or passa'ges being arranged so that each has its axis extending upwardly at an angle of approximately 45 so that streams of air entering therethrough under the flue action will be directed upwardly into the combugtion space in the pot at approximately that angle.

In operation the control valve is opened so that oil will be introduced slowly into the imperforate walled fuel space or lower combustion space below the partition 80. This oil is ignited, in the usual manner, by means of applying a lighted match to an asbestos wick lying in the pan 48. At first the oil will burn from the wick and the floor of the pan with a smoky or sooty flame, and oil will flow in somewhat more rapidly than it is consumed. However, as the device heats up the oil will be vaporized rapidly and the character of the flame will change in appearance. Under these conditions, with a minimum amount of oil introduced and during starting, the flame will be generally confined within the space below the partition. It will be somewhat localized in its burning until the device begins to heat up but with the arrangement of openings 85 shown the flame may be located near the center of the chamber. Without this arrangement the flame may be considerably concentrated at first adjacent the place of entry of the fuel through the pipe 42 and there will be tongues of yellow smoky flame which will extend upwardly through the opening 82 and some of the openings 85 into the upper portion of the combustion pot-i. e., the upper combustion space between the partition 80 and cover 90. As the device heats up the oil over the bottom of the pan will become vaporized and the flame will spread to consume all the oil admitted-and its character will change so that it will lose its smoky characteristics. As the device heats up sufficiently to vaporize the oil as rapidly as it flows in through the pipe 42, under low fuel consumption conditions, the flame will be confined almost entirely to the space below the partition 80 some combustion taking place at the opening 82 and the flame extending up through that opening into the upper combustion space, depending on the rate of inflow of oil and of air drawn in by the stack action. Combustion air, under the flue action, will flow downwardly through the passages 15 into the space above the partition-80 and additional air also flows in horizontally above the partition through the opening 10. Some of this air will pass downwardly through the openings 85 to provide the combustion air for sustaining the combustion within this space below the partition. The jets of air flowing down through the openings 15 are directed toward the openings 85 and, depending on proportions, may entrain other air and direct currents or eddies of air down through the openings 85. This air from above the partition flows down at an angle and causes an organized turbulence and brings about the clean combustion. At low oil consumption the clean burning with a yellow flame is important as the minimum oil consumption is dependent on air inflow for the combustion and clean yellow flame connotes good, low consumption, conditions. By this construction and process in the combustion effective and efficient operation is secured at very low oil consumption.

It has been found in practice that with a burner of this sort, with the portions 40 and 58 made from sheet steel of approximately .05 inch thick, with the openings 85 approximately ing an area of approximately .083 square inch earch Room the openings I0 having a cross sectional area of approximately .075 square inch in diameter, the openings 52 slightly larger, with the internal diameter of the portion 58 approximately 10 inches, the distance from the bottom of the pan 40 to the lower peripheral supporting wall of the partition approximately 2 inches and the over all height of the pot from the lower wall of the pan 40 to the bottom of the top plate approximately 8 inches, the burner can be operated effectively and efficiently with a clear smokeless yellow flame, burning within the space below the partition at a rate of 3.5-4 cc. of fuel oil of specific gravity 36-40, per minute or less; the plate 88 being preferably made of cast iron substantially thick. Cast iron is preferable to steel for thi plate 80 because it is more durable under the conditions of heat and service, and less likely to warp and distort.

When the rate of oil supply is increased, to meet heavier heating requirements, the character of the flame does not change materially, being still almost completely a clean yellow, but the burning of the vapors begins to take place to a greater and greater extent in the space above the partition 80, the added combustion air being introduced through the openings I0, 15 and the inclined openings at increased velocities. And as the rate of combustion is still more increased the vapor burns upwardly through the opening 9| and into the combustion space above the burner pot. While the dimensions given above are not necessarily essential nevertheless variations in any dimension without corresponding variation in the others may result in materially different and less eflicient and effective combustion conditions. For example, increasing the thickness of the metal from which the parts of the burner pot are made would tend to increase the time necessary for heating up those parts and thus would increase the length of time necessary for starting up the burner to clean burning conditions.

It has heretofore been urged that a blue burning flame was indicative of the most desirable type of combustion for oil burners of the vaporizing pot type; but actual operation with the burner construction hereinabove described, and with the combustion air directed in the manner described, with no primary air inlet opening through the wall of the burner pot into the space below the partition and with currents or eddies flowing down through the openings 85 to eifect proper turbulence and mixture of the air and vapor in the lower fuel or combustion space below the partition has shown that completely satisfactory clean burning of the fuel is secured with a yellow flame, with great efiectiveness and efliciency, and with a cleanness of burn com-' parable to that of the best of the other types of burners commercially utilized.

In Fig. 3 is shown a somewhat modified form of construction of plate 80. As described above, this plate is preferably loosely supported within the member 58, is provided with a centrally arranged opening 82, and is also somewhat dished or cone shaped. In this modified form of construction, however, the plate is provided in its outer peripheral portion with a series of spaced holes 85', instead of the openings 85 which in the modification shown in Figs. 1 and 2 open out through the peripheral edge of the plate. In this construction also the bailie plate is arranged to be located so that the holes 85' are in axial alignment with the inclined passages 15; but with this arrangement it has been found that greater care is ordinarily required to secure direct axial alignmengg! the hole and the holes 85' in order to secure equally satisfactory operating results under all conditions. Also, with the proportions as specified above, very satisfactory results are secured where the holes 85' have a diameter of approximately inch, to give an area of approximately .2 square inch, which is comparable to the area of the openings 85. While it is preferable to use cast iron for the bafile plate, the plate when made of such material is somewhat heavier than when made of steel and therefore it may slightly affect the time necessary for bringing the parts of the burner up to a temperature at the beginning of operations; but this slight difference is usually offset by the added durability under heat and the likelihood of less permanent warping or distortion.

While the method herein described, and the form of apparatus for carrying this method into effect, constitute preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise method and form of apparatus, and that changes may be made in either without departing from the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a combustion device of the type described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said upper combustion chamber an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel introduced during operation; a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said chambers, said partition having a central orifice providing a combustion connection between the chambers, and a plurality of openings in said partition about said central orifice to permit the down flow of currents of air from said upper combustion chamber to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall portion.

2. In a combustion device of the type described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said upper combustion chamber an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel introduced during operation, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said chambers, said partition having a central orifice providing a combustion connection between the chambers, and a pluralLy of openings in said partition adjacent the periphery thereof to permit the down flow of currents of air from said upper combustion chamber to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall portion, each said opening being opposed to an adjacent perforation in the side wall for the upper combustion chamber.

3. In a combustion device of the type described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with a plurality of series of vertically spaced perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said upper combustion chamber an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel introduced during operation, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said chambers, said partition having a central orifice providing a combustion connection between the chambers, and a plurality of openings in said partition adjacent the periphery thereof to permit the down flow of currents of air from said upper combustion chamber to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall portion, each said opening being opposed to an adjacent perforation in the side wall for the upper combustion chamber, the perforations in the side wall of the upper combustion space adjacent the peripheral openings in the partition plate being inclined downwardly so that the velocity of the air flowing in through said downwardly inclined perforations into the upper combustion space will set up currents of air to flow from said upper combustion space through said partition openings into the fuel feed chamber below the partition.

4. In a combustion device of the type described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said upper combustion chamber an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel introduced during operation, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said chambers, said partition having a central orifice providing a combustion connection between the chambers, a plurality of openings in said partition about said central orifice to permit the down flow of currents of air from said upper combustion chamber to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall portion, and means for causing the air flowing into said upper combustion chamber to cause air currents to pass from said upper combustion chamber to said fuel feed chamber during combustion.

5. In a combustion device of the type described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said upper combustion chamber an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel introduced during operation, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said chambers, said partition having a central orifice providing a. combustion connection between the chambers, and a plurality of openings in said partition adjacent the periphery thereof to permit the down flow of currents of air from said upper combustion chamber to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall portion, each said opening being opposed to an adjacent perforation in the side wall for the upper combustion chamber, the perforations adjacent the upper end of said upper combustion chamber being upwardly inclined to cause the fiow of upwardly inclined air jets into the upper combustion chamber adjacent its upper outlet.

6. In a combustion device of the type described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said upper combustion chamber an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel introduced during operation, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said chambers, said partition having a central orifice providing a combustion connection between the chambers, a plurality of openings in said partition about said central orifice to permit the down fiow of currents of air from said upper combustion chamber to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall portion, and means for causing the air fiowing into said upper combustion chamber to cause air currents to pass from said upper combustion chamber to said fuel feed chamber during combustion, the proportions and spacing of said perforations and openings being such as to cause organized turbulence within the fuel feed chamber below the partition to effect predetermined controlled combustion of the fuel therein during low fire.

7. In a combustion device of the type described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said upper combustion chamber an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel introduced during operation, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said chambers, said partition having a central orifice providing a combustion connection between the chambers, and a plurality of openings in said partition about said central orifice to permit the down fiow of currents of air from said upper combustion chamber to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side Wall portion, the upper end of said upper combustion chamber being formed to provide an orifice for combustion connection between said upper combustion chamber and the space within said casing above the burner member.

8. In a combustion device of the type described, a fuel burner comprising a lower fuel receiving bottom member, a substantially cylindrical side wall member extending upwardly from said bottom member, means for introducing fuel onto said fuel receiving bottom member, a partition within said burner positioned within said side wall member, intermediate its vertical height and more nearly adjacent the bottom fuel receiving member, said partition having a central orifice therein and dividing the space within said burner into an upper combustion chamber and a lower fuel receiving and low consumption combustion chamber, a plurality of perforations within the upper portion of said side wall and opening into the upper combustion chamber above the partition, the side wall below said partition being imperforate, and a plurality of openings in said partition connecting the upper perforated wall combustion chamber with the lower imperforate wall combustion chamber to permit the down flow of currents of air from said upper comgames boom bustion chamber to said fuel feed or lower combustion chamber to provide combustion air within said lower combustion chamber for low combustion conditions.

9. In a combustion device of the type described, a fuel burner comprising a lower fuel receiving bottom member, a substantially cylindrical side wall member extending upwardly from said bottom member, means for introducing fuel onto said fuel receiving bottom member, a partition within said burner positioned within said side wall member, intermediate its vertical height and more nearly adjacent the bottom fuel receiving member, said partition having a central orifice therein and dividing the space within said burner into an upper combustion chamber and a lower fuel receiving and low consumption combustion chamber, a plurality of perforations within the upper portion of said side wall and opening into the upper combustion chamber above the partition, the side wall below said partition being imperforate, and a plurality of openings in said partition connecting the upper perforated wall combustion chamber with the lower imperforate wall combustion chamber to permit the down fiow of currents of air from said upper combustion chamber to said fuel feed or lower combustion chamber to provide combustion air within said lower combustion chamber for low combustion conditions, and means for accurately controlling the supply of fuel to said lower combustion chamber.

10. In a combustion device of the type described, a fuel burner comprising a lower fuel receiving bottom member, a substantially cylindrical side wall member extending upwardly from said bottom member, means for introducing fuel onto said fuel receiving bottom member, a partition within said burner positioned within said side wall member, intermediate its vertical height and more nearly adjacent the bottom fuel receiving member, said partition having a central orifice therein and dividing the space within said burner into an upper combustion chamber and a lower fuel receiving and low consumption combustion chamber, a plurality of perforations within the upper portion of said side wall and opening into the upper combustion chamber above the partition, the side wall below said partition being imperforate, and a plurality of openings in said partition adjacent the periphery thereof connecting the upper perforated wall combustion chamber with the lower imperforate wall combustion chamber to permit the down flow of currents of air from said upper combustion chamber to said fuel feed or lower combustion chamber to provide combustion air within said lower combustion chamber for low combustion conditions, each of said peripheral openings in said partition being opposed to an adjacent perforation in the side wall for the upper combustion chamber.

11. In a combustion device of the type described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said upper combustion chamber an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel introduced during operation, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said chambers, said partitionhaving a central orifice providing a combustion connection between the chambers, and a plurality of openings in said partition adjacent to and opening through the pegiphery thereof to permit the down flow of currents of air from said upper combustion chamber to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall portion, each said opening being opposed to an adjacent perforation in the side wall for the upper combustion chamber.

12. Combustion apparatus of the vaporizing pot type comprising a burner having a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with a plurality of vertically spaced perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said upper combustion chamber an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel during varying load operation, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said chambers, said partition having a central orifice providing a combustion connection between the chambers and an air passageway spaced from said central orifice and adjacent the periphery of said partition to permit the down flow of air from said upper combustion chamber to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall portion, said passageway being located adjacent perforations in the side wall of the upper combustion chamber which perforations are inclined with relation to said passageway so that the inflow of air through said inclined passageways will cause combustion air to flow from said upper combustion space through said passageway into the fuel feed chamber below the partition.

13. A heating device of the character described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said burner an amount of air necessary for-combustion of the fuel introduced during operation, said burner adjacent its upper end having an imperforate attaching flange for attaching said burner within said casing and with its side Walls spaced from the side walls of the casing, said casing having a combustion air inlet opening thereinto below the attaching imperforate fiange and into the space about said burner, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said upper and lower combustion chambers, said partition having a central orifice providing a combustion connection between the chambers, and a plurality of openings in said partition about said central orifice to permit the downfiow of currents of air to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall por tion.

14. A heating device of the character described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said burner an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel introduced during operation, said burner adjacent its upper end having an imperforate attaching flange for attaching said burner within said casing and with its side walls spaced from the side walls of the casing, said casing having a combustion air inlet opening thereinto below the attaching imperforate flange and into the space about said burner, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said upper and lower combustion chambers, said partition having a central orifice providing a combustion connection between the chambers, a cover member for said burner separating the upper combustionl chamber from the combustion space within said casing and having an orifice therein providing a combustion connection therebetween, and a plurality of openings in said partition about said central orifice to permit the downfiow of currents of air to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall portion.

15. A heating device of the character described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said burner an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel introduced during operation, said burner adjacent its upper end having an imperforate attaching flange for attaching said burner within said casing and with its side walls spaced from the side walls of the casing, said casing having a combustion air inlet opening thereinto below the attaching imperforate fiange and into the space about said burner, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said upper and lower combustion chambers, said partition having a central orifice providing a combustion connection between the chambers, a cover member for said burner separating the upper combustion chamber from the combustion space within said casing and having an orifice therein providing a combustion connection therebetween, the uppermost perforations in the side wall of the upper combustion space being inclined upwardly and inwardly toward said cover, and a plurality of openings in said partition about said central orifice to permit the downfiow of currents of air to the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall portion.

16. In a mechanism for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a pot and means for delivering a liquid hydrocarbon to the lower portion of said pot, the walls of said pot being provided with a plurality of primary air inlet apertures located at various levels, a centrally apertured baflie member in said pot entirely located at a level below the lowest of said primary air apertures, and means separate from said baflle member and effective upon air flowing in above said baflle for directing air downwardly and inwardly from some of s id primary air apertures to flow into the space beneath said baille member.

1'7. In a combustion device of the type described comprising a casing, an open top burner within said casing, said burner comprising a lower fuel feed combustion chamber having an imperforate side wall, an upper combustion chamber having a side wall with perforations therein for supplying to the interior of said upper combustion chamber an amount of air necessary for combustion of the fuel introduced during operation, a partition within said burner located between said upper perforated and said lower imperforate side wall portions and separating said chambers, said partition having a centrally arranged orifice providing a combustion connefition between the chambers, said partition also being constructed to provide a passage for the flow of air downwardly from said upper combustion chamber into the fuel feed chamber below said partition and within said imperforate side wall portion, said passage being located out wardly of said centrally arranged orifice.

18. In a mechanism for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a pot and means for delivering a liquid hydrocarbon to the lower portion of said pot, the walls of said pot being provided with a plurality of air inlet apertures, a baffle member in said pot, said bafile member having a centrally located aperture, means for supporting said baflle member below the lowest of said air inlet apertures, said parts being constructed to provide a passage outwardly of said centrally located aperture to provide air-flow interconnection between the spaces in the pot above and below said bafile, and means eifective upon the air within said upper space to cause flow of air therefrom into the space beneath said ballle member.

19. In a mechanism for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a pot and means for delivering a liquid hydrocarbon to the lower portion of said pot, the

walls of said pot being provided with a plurality of air inlet apertures, a centrally and peripherally apertured bafile member, means for supporting said bafile member below the lowest of said air inlet apertures to provide an imperforate walled space below said baflle member, and means spaced from said bafile member for directing air from said air apertures to flow downwardly through said peripheral aperture into the imperforate walled space beneath said bafile member.

20. In a mechanism for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a pot and means for delivering a liquid hydrocarbon to the lower portion of said pot, the walls of said pot being provided with a plurality of air inlet apertures located at various levels, a centrally apertured baffle member, means for supporting said baflie member below the lowest of said air inlet apertures to provide an imperforate walled space below said baffle member, said bafile member having an upwardly extending part adjacent and defining said central aperture, and means spaced from said bafile member for acting upon air entering said upper space to direct air from air apertures in the lowermost level to flow downwardly into the space beneath said baffle member.

BERTRAND B. KAI-IN.

arch Room

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