US2268068A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 30, 1941. E RQY F DEMlNG 2,268,068

OIL BURNER Filed Dec. 5, 1938 LIV *,/4 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS v u l z5 M5' agi Patented Dec. 30, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 7 Claims.

This invention relates to oil burners for stoves, furnaces and other heating devices, wherein is provided a fire box and combustion chamber, and

the primary object is to provide an oil burner having a specially formed preheater through which is fed the supply of air supporting combustion and wherein is disposed one end of an oil supply duct that terminates in a conductor of a special nature, to the end that the oil introduced is kept below a predetermined or adjusted temperature and so that vaporization might not occur until immediately before combustion.

A yet further aim of this invention is the provision of an oil burner having a preheater, a haine therein and means associated with said preheater and baille for introducing oil .to a point immediately adjacent to the zone of combustion without imparting heat thereto, to the end that carbonization is reduced to a point where it will not harmfully effect operation and the eiliciency of the burner is raised.

Another important object of this invention is to provide an oilburner for cook stoves, heating stoves and furnaces that may be installed without greatly altering the construction of the fire boxes or combustion chambers thereof, and which will operate after installation, in an eflicient manner which will insure operation without interference from'carbon even when using crude oil.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of an oil burner of the aforementioned characterwherein is included a specially formed preheater having a baffle therein which acts upon the air supporting combustion in such fashion as to direct it through paths of travel best suited for the contemplated heat transfer.

A large number of minor objects of the invention will appear during the course of the following specification, referring to the accompanying drawing wherein:

Figure 1 is a vertical central section through a portion of a furnace having'an oil burner installed in the combustion chamber thereof, which burner is made to embody the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line II--II of FIZ. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary detailed ver-v tical sectional view through a portion of the pan and plate assembly.

Fig. 4 is a detailed elevational view of a conductor embodying a modified form of the invention; and,

other form of conductor which extends between the oil supply tube and the underlying pan.

Designers of oil burners have heretofore been particularly concerned with the problem of creating an oil burner which would operate without the' formation of carbon to the extent of causing interference with its operation. This problem has been connected with the necessity and desire to use a low grade hydrocarbon that would vaporize sufficiently to maintain a constant flame in the zone of combustion.

One of the most difficult factors in creating oil burners that would burn a cheap grade of oil and yet operate eiliciently without harmful formation of carbon, was to maintain the column of oil being fed to the burner at a temperature where vaporization could not occur until immeditely prior to flashing.

The combination of parts shown in the accompanying drawing, has been found to be satisfactory and therefore, the illustrated embodiment is the preferred form which will be de- Fig. 5 is a detailed elevational view of still an` 55 The ordinary furnace 8 having a shell I0 within `its outer Jacket I2 is usually supplied with a door Il, which may be utilized when installing the burner. vA passageway i6 connects the conventional stack so that gases and other objectionable products of combustion may escape.

In place of the grate, which is usually at the bottom of the combustion chamber i8 of furnace 8, itis desirable to install a solid plate 28 that carries pan 22, having upwardly extending continuous side ange 24 so that the oil may be held therein when the burner is generated, or in the event oil'should reach the burner without the possibility of burning.

Pan 22 has an apertured boss 26 at the center thereof which is internally threaded, as shown in Fig. 3.

A frusto-conical plate 28 is mounted upon boss 26 at the center of pan 22 so that any oil reaching the upper face thereof, will be directed into the pan. This plate 28 is provided with a center internally threaded bore 30 into which is projected nipple 32 which is externally threaded so that it enters the openings in the pan and plate as shown in the detail.

A downwardly directed, externally threaded pipe section 34 depends below pan 22 and is provided With a cap 36 against which may rest one end of conductor 38 when the type shown in Figs. 1 and 3 is employed. This conductor 38 is in the nature of a smooth rod having threads 40 thereon along a portion of its length. Spacing nuts-42, threaded onto conductor 28, have an external contour similar to the internal contour of nipple 22 and pipe section 34; so that conductor 38 is held in a vertical position when the parts are in the assembled relation.

The hollow preheater 44 is composed of a lower casting 46 and an upper casting 48, the former being provided with an outlet port I0, while the latter has an inlet port v52 in the upper wall thereof. These ports 50 and 52 are in opposed relation when castings 48 and 48 are together, as shown in Fig. 1. Lower casting 48 has a plurality of fins 54, each of which has a portion thereof exteriorly thereof of the preheater 44" and a portion on the inner side thereof. The portions of ilns 54 inside of lower casting 48 are made to support baille member 58 which has a hollow tubular, elongated boss 88 extending to each side thereof at its axis. This boss 58 receives one end of koil supply tube 80 and the boss is long enough to circumscribe a portion of tube 80 near the end thereof and a substantial portion of the length of conductor 38 near the en d which is projected into tube 60.

,The internal diameter of boss I8 should be sufficient to permit a small amount of air to pass downwardly between the inner face thereof and. the'outer faces of tube 80 and conductor 38, Inlet port 52 is in communication with an air supply duct 62 that extends to a point outside the furnace shell I0. Air is fed to supply duct 82 through any suitablel connecting pipe 6l that may receive air from a.` blower, not here shown, or which may terminate at any point exteriorly of the furnace, merely for the purpose of admitting air to duct 62.

has been employed. and when oil escapes from the end of tube 80, it will flow downwardly by gravity over the outer surface of the links of chain 80, to a point where vaporization occurs. The links of chain 80 have a limited amount of their surfaces in direct contact and therefore. heat exchange is discouraged, especially since ali` is passing around the links to further break up a direct path of travel for heat units.

In the operation of the oil burner, it is obvious that fuel oil is fed through tube 80 and lthat as it is being directed to the inner end of tube 68. a cooling effect is had thereon because of the relation of tube 8| and duct 62. As the air approaches the zone of combustion, above .plate-28, it is quickly heated by contacting the ated to be directed outwardly around the faces v burner.

It is notable that pipe 60 extends along duct 62y in spaced relation to the side wallsthereof and when air is passing to the burner to support combustion, it implnges and sweeps along the outer face of tube 80 to maintain the oil therein at a temperature below that permitting vaporization. Tube 60 is connected to any suitable source of oil supply through the medium of a pipe 66 and the conventional control valve 68 may be used if desired.

l 1o and gas is to be used to maintain this puoi;

light in an operative condition, all as is known in the art. Y

An overflow pipe 'I2 extends outwardly from within furnace 8 from a point within pan 22 so that if the burner should be extinguished for any undesirable reason, the collecting oil will be drained from pan 22. If desired, the oil escaping through pipe 12 may be used to :automatically cut off the supply of oil through tube 60, in a well-known manner. y

The oil entering the burner through pipe 8p is conveyed along the outer surface of conductor 38 and since it is important to keep the oil within tube 60 as cool as possible, the formation of conductor 38 may be altered to further insure that heat will not be transferred through conductor 38.

Figs.q4 and 5 illustrate different ways oi: constructing the conductor which has before been indicated by the numeral 38.

In Fig. 4 the conductor 80 is in the nature of an ordinary rod around which has been spirally wound a wire 82, which directs the ow of oil in a downward spiral path until vaporization occurs.

The conductor 90, illustrated in Fig. 5, is of a different type in that an ordinary link chain The upper face of plate 28 is constantly swept by the incoming air and the zone of combustion is defined by the edge of lower casting 46, which forms outlet port 50 and plate 28.

The principles embodied inthe oil burner illustrated herewith and above described, may be built into burners having different physical characteristics than that embodying the preferred form, and it is obvious to one skilled in the art that smaller oil burners made in a different manner,v may be constructed for use in smaller heating stoves,jcooking ranges,l and domestic cook stoves.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. In an oil burner of the character described, I

a pan adapted to be positioned in the iire box of a stove or the like; a hollow air preheater above the pan, provided with an outlet port in the bottom thereof above said pan and an inlet port in the top thereof; an air supply duct in communication with the inlet port of the preheater extending to a point exteriorly of the lire box; an oil supply tube within the air duct having one end within the preheater above the outlet port and spaced above said pan; a lconductor for the oil bridging the space betweenv the oil supply tube and said pan, said conductor being formed to receive oil from the oil supply tube and convey the oil toward the pan along the outer surface thereof; a baille within the preheater; and a plurality of fins integral with the preheater, said fins having portions thereof within the preheater adaptedto operably carry the baille in spaced relation with the inner face of the preheater, the lower wall of .said preheater, said bame and the said portions of the fins in the preheater combining to create a number of radially disposed passages around the conductor. 2. In an oil burner of the character described, a pan adapted t0 be positioned in the nre box of aA stove or the like; a hollow air preheater above the pan, provided with an outlet .port in the bottom thereof above said pan and an inlet port in the top thereof; an air supply duct in communication with the inlet port of the preheater extending to a point exteriorly of the fire box; an oil supply tube within the air duct hav ing one end within the preheater above the outlet port and spaced above said pan; a conductor for the oil bridging the space between the oil supply tube and said pan, said conductor being formed to receive oil from the oil supply tube and convey the oil toward the pan along the outer surface thereof; a baille within the preheater;

and a plurality of fins integral with the preheatthereof, whereby air is caused to impinge upon the liquid fuel from the time it leaves the said end of the supply means and throughout the time of vaporization.

5. In an oil burner of the character described having a combustion chamber, a hollow preheater for supplying air to said chamber provided with an air inlet port and an air outlety port; a conduit for supplying liquid fuel to the burner having one end above the-outlet port; a conductor extending from the said end of the conduit into the zone of combustion to conduct liquid by gravity along its exterior surface toward said zone of combustion; a tubular enclosure having an inside diameter greater than the outside diameter of the conductor circumscribing a substantial portion of the length of said con- 3. In an oil burner of the character described a hollow preheater adapted to be positioned in a fire box of a stove or the like and provided with an outlet port in the bottom thereof and an inlet port in the top; means for supplying liquid fuel to the burner having one end within the preheater above the outlet port; means for delivering air to the inlet port from outside the re box; a baille within the preheater formed to cooperate with the walls of the preheater in directing air from the inlet port to the outlet port through a circuitous path whereby to heat the air;` a conductor depending below the end of said liquid fuel supply means and adapted to convey the liquid fuel toward the zone of combustion and the outletport of the preheater; a tubular boss circumscribing the said conductor and positioned to direct a portion of the air from outside the fire box, downward along the conductor to maintain the temperature of the liquid fuel below the flash point thereof while in said boss and means for directing the flamesvof combustion outwardly below the preheater.

4. In an oil burner of the character described a hollow preheater adapted to be positioned in a fire box of a stove or the like and provided with an outlet port in the bottom thereof and an inlet port in the top; means for supplying liquid fuel to the burner having one end within the preheater above the outlet port; means for delivering air' to the inlet port from outside the iire box: a baule within the preheater formed to cooperate with the walls of the Dreheater in directing air from the inlet port to the outlet port through a circuitous path whereby to heat the air; a conductor depending below the end of said liquid fuel supply means and adapted to convey the liquid fuel toward the zone of combustion and the outlet port of the preheater; a tubular boss circumscribing the said conductor and positioned to direct a portion of the air from outside the fire box, downward along the conductor to maintain the temperature of the liquid fuel below the'ash ductor to form a space around the latter for the passage of air; and a balile on the exterior of said tubular enclosure to deflect the remaining portion of the air outwardly therefrom, whereby a small portion of unheated air is passed along said conductor to maintain, the liquid fuel thereon below the flash temperature.

6. In an oil burner of the character described having a combustion chamber; a hollow preheater for supplying air to said chamber provided with an inlet port and an outlet port; a conduit for supplying liquid fuel to the burner having one end above the outlet port; a conductor extending from the end of said conduit into the zone of combustion to conduct liquid by gravity along its exterior surfaces toward said zone of combustion; a tubular enclosure having an inside diameter greater than the outside diameter of said conductor, said tubular enclosure circumscribing a substantial portion of the length of said conductor to form a space around the latter for the passage of air whereby a small portion of unheated air is passed along said conductor to maintainthe liquid fuel thereon below the flash temperature; a baffle on the exterior of said tubular enclosure to direct the remaining portion of the combustion air through a path whereby it is heated.

7. In an oil burner of the character described having a combustion chamber; a hollow preheater for supplying air to said chamber provided with an inlet port and an outlet port; a conduit for supplying liquid fuel to the burner having one end above the outlet port; a conductor extending from the end of said conduit into the zone of combustion to conduct liquid by :gravity along its' exterior surfaces toward said zone of combustion; a tubular enclosure having an inside diameter greater than the outside diamete' of said conductor, said tubular enclosure circumscribing a substantial portion of the length of said conductor to form a space around the latter for the passage of air whereby a small portion of unheated air is passed along said conduca tor to cause air to impinge upon the oil as the point thereof while in said boss; and means for directing the flames of combustion outwardly below the preheater, said conductor being formed to convey the fuel along theexterior surface same is vaporized; and a baille on the exterior of said tubular enclosure to direct the remaining portion of the combustion air through a path whereby it is heated. i

LE ROY F. DEMING.

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