US2290789A - Manufacture and production of artificial filaments, threads, and the like - Google Patents
Manufacture and production of artificial filaments, threads, and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2290789A US2290789A US240427A US24042738A US2290789A US 2290789 A US2290789 A US 2290789A US 240427 A US240427 A US 240427A US 24042738 A US24042738 A US 24042738A US 2290789 A US2290789 A US 2290789A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- threads
- hardening
- manufacture
- production
- bath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 9
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 6
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960004279 formaldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyalumanyl acetate Chemical compound [Al+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001164 aluminium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011127 sodium aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F4/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof
Definitions
- threads and thelike- I wish to include filaments, fibres, yarns and threads of any denier or cross-sectional shapeand bands or tows consisting of any-number. of such'filamentary articles.
- a solution of a protein through one or more jetseach provided with one or more holes and setting the extruded material in any known manner.
- Each jet may extrude one or a plurality of filaments. If more 3 than one filament is extruded from a jetitney are usually formed into a single thread.
- the process for improving the properties of threads and the like produced from casein or the like protein substances and hardened,- comprises stretching them and thereafter treating them with a hardening agent without allowing them to contract.
- Stretching should preferably be sufficient to effect an appreciable-"reduction in the denier of the thread and may be for'example,' betweenb'll and 200 percent.
- Treatment with the' hardening agent may be "effected bypassing the thread through an atmosphere containing a hardening agent,'for exampleyformaldehyde in vapour form. It may also be effectedby passing the thread through a" solution contain'ing one orv more hardening agents, as for example natural or synthetic tanning agentsgformaldehyde or aluminium salts
- the threads may have been produced from casein in any known manner and besideshaving been subjected to a hardening treatment mayv 1 outsome time afterwards.
- a'wetting agent for example water or Other substances may also be added to the hardening bath for other purposes, for example, acetone or alcohol for lowering the specific gravity thereof, or salts such as calcium chloride or sodiumfsulphate for preventing swelling of the threads.
- the treatment with a hardening agent after the stretching may or may not result in the complete insolubilisation of the threads, but in any case must be sufllcient to minimise consid erably the contraction of the stretched threads when released from tension. If insolubilisation is not complete after leaving the said hardening bath it may be completed at a later stage ,as desired.
- the threads may be dried while in the; retched condition before passing to the said tatment with the hardening agent. .1 .
- the threads may bejprevented from contracting after stretching by maintaining thestretched condition by mechanical means; for example the threads may be drawn through thehardening bath at the same speed as they leave the stretching device, or they may be simply wound on reels or bobbins after they have been saturated with hardening liquid. Alternatively contraction may be largely prevented by carryin out the hardening-c treatment in the presence of which maybe normal or basicsalts.
- a suitable solution solution has the followin composition? i Parts Aluminium acetate 10 Formaldehyde x 10 Water F a salt or salts such, for example, as calcium chicride or sodium sulphate.
- the threads after treatment according to the present invention may be collected in "the form, for example, of a cake orbobbin, or they may be cut into staple fibres. In the latter'case, cutting may take place either after complete hardento effect although the invention is not restricted to the form of apparatus shown.
- Casein solution is extruded through a nozzle I into a bath of coagulant 2 and the resulting thread ⁇ is passed over the guide 4 round rollers -5'and 6 which are rotating at equal speeds and are 'paIrtiallyimmersed in a bath containing hardening liquid 1.
- the thread 7 is passed two; or three times round a roller 8 until hardening is completed, after which-they can be finally washed and dried.
- Example Casein threads of denier 2400 containing 600 filaments are drawn off by godets from a coagulating bath containing salts and acid.
- the threads are passed for minutes through a. hardening bath consisting of 10 per cent aluminium acetate solution and 10 per cent'form aldehyde.
- After passing two to three times round the roller 9 it is passed round the rollers l9 and II to a collectingreel is then passed through a bath of per cent formic acid, in which it"is stretch-ed 100 per cent by means of conical godets grooved in steps.
- roller I2 roller I rotates at substantially the same 7 speed as 5 and i and roller 9 at a considerably greater speed while rollers I0 and II, which are partly immersed in a bath containing hardening liquid 13, both rotate'at substantially the same speedas the roller 1.
- the thread is subjected to a hardening treatment without stretching in the bath 1. It is then stretched between the rollers 8 and Sand is-then finally hardened without stretching in thebath l3.
- a process for the manufacture and production of threads and the like which comprises extruding a solution containing casein into a coagulating medium; drawing on. filaments from said coagulating medium and subjecting them to a preliminary hardening treatment, and thereafter improving the properties'ofthe thread by stretchingthem and then subjecting them to a second hardening treatment without allowing them to contract.
Description
JulyZl, 1942. R. L. WORMELL 2,290,789
MANUFACTURE AND PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS', THREADS, AND THE LIKE Filed Nov. 14, 1938 //VV/V70/P ROBERT LOUI'ISY WORMELL v AVTOF/Vf):
Patented July 21, 1942 s mmm MANUFACTURE AND PRonUc'rIo oF-ARTI- FICIAL Robert Louis 'Wo rmell, coventryilylnglandi-assign- Limited, London, England, a
v r to ou a' ds. eBi w l i iApplication'November m, 1938; Serial No; 2 i0,427 g v In Great Britain November 18, 19311 EILAMENTS; 'rnaE ns, v AND THE} 1 I'Claim. (cl; 1s-"-54) This invention relates to the manufacture and I production of threads and the like from icasein,
or protein compounds having similar properties. Within the term threads and thelike- I wish to include filaments, fibres, yarns and threads of any denier or cross-sectional shapeand bands or tows consisting of any-number. of such'filamentary articles. example, by extruding a solution of a protein through one or more jetseach provided with one or more holes and setting the extruded material in any known manner. Each jet may extrude one or a plurality of filaments. If more 3 than one filament is extruded from a jetitney are usually formed into a single thread. 'Any formaldehyde and, aluminium salts, and" which renders the thread more resistant to the dismtegrating, dissolving or swelling action of water or aqueous solutions and improves the properties of the thread finally obtained; A process is also already known wherein casein fibres 'are drawn with a speed which is higher, for example 50 per cent higher, than that of spinning and are conveyed under tension through one or more baths of such hardening agents.
According to the present invention the process for improving the properties of threads and the like produced from casein or the like protein substances and hardened,- comprises stretching them and thereafter treating them with a hardening agent without allowing them to contract.
They; may be; produced for w an aqueoussolution; Aqueous solutions of the lower fatty acids are'particularly suitable; and
thesame-solu'tion as thatuse'dfor hardening may also be used: Stretching should preferably be sufficient to effect an appreciable-"reduction in the denier of the thread and may be for'example,' betweenb'll and 200 percent.
It may be 1 carried outby passljngfthe thread over two or *morerotating rollers'the second and succeeding ones of which are rotated with peripheral speeds greaterthan'that of the first."
' a Treatment with the' hardening agent may be "effected bypassing the thread through an atmosphere containing a hardening agent,'for exampleyformaldehyde in vapour form. It may also be effectedby passing the thread through a" solution contain'ing one orv more hardening agents, as for example natural or synthetic tanning agentsgformaldehyde or aluminium salts The threads may have been produced from casein in any known manner and besideshaving been subjected to a hardening treatment mayv 1 outsome time afterwards. It is very desirable in both cases to effect the stretching in the presence of a'wetting agent, for example water or Other substances may also be added to the hardening bath for other purposes, for example, acetone or alcohol for lowering the specific gravity thereof, or salts such as calcium chloride or sodiumfsulphate for preventing swelling of the threads.
The treatment with a hardening agent after the stretching may or may not result in the complete insolubilisation of the threads, but in any case must be sufllcient to minimise consid erably the contraction of the stretched threads when released from tension. If insolubilisation is not complete after leaving the said hardening bath it may be completed at a later stage ,as desired.
The threads may be dried while in the; retched condition before passing to the said tatment with the hardening agent. .1 .The threads may bejprevented from contracting after stretching by maintaining thestretched condition by mechanical means; for example the threads may be drawn through thehardening bath at the same speed as they leave the stretching device, or they may be simply wound on reels or bobbins after they have been saturated with hardening liquid. Alternatively contraction may be largely prevented by carryin out the hardening-c treatment in the presence of which maybe normal or basicsalts.
" "A suitable solution solution has the followin composition? i Parts Aluminium acetate 10 Formaldehyde x 10 Water F a salt or salts such, for example, as calcium chicride or sodium sulphate.
The threads after treatment according to the present invention may be collected in "the form, for example, of a cake orbobbin, or they may be cut into staple fibres. In the latter'case, cutting may take place either after complete hardento effect although the invention is not restricted to the form of apparatus shown.
ing, washing and drying of the'thr'eads, 'or immediately after they have left the hardening bath in which case the cut threads may need to be left in the wet state for a suitable period Casein solution is extruded through a nozzle I into a bath of coagulant 2 and the resulting thread} is passed over the guide 4 round rollers -5'and 6 which are rotating at equal speeds and are 'paIrtiallyimmersed in a bath containing hardening liquid 1. On leaving the roller 6 the thread 7 is passed two; or three times round a roller 8 until hardening is completed, after which-they can be finally washed and dried.
The following example illustrates one method of carrying out the present invention although the invention is not restricted to this example.
Example Casein threads of denier 2400 containing 600 filaments are drawn off by godets from a coagulating bath containing salts and acid. The threads are passed for minutes through a. hardening bath consisting of 10 per cent aluminium acetate solution and 10 per cent'form aldehyde. The yarn on leaving this apparatus and thence to the roller 9. After passing two to three times round the roller 9 it is passed round the rollers l9 and II to a collectingreel is then passed through a bath of per cent formic acid, in which it"is stretch-ed 100 per cent by means of conical godets grooved in steps. Thereafter, while still under tension, it passes through another bath containing the 10 per cent aluminium acetate-10 per ceiitjormaldehyde mixture, and is then wound up on a drum, The yarn after being left on the drum for 15 minutes is cut oil and immersed in a bath containing formaldehyde, sodium sulphate and aluminium sulphate at centigrade for 24 hours. It is subsequently immersed in the same mixture at 45 centigrade for 48 hours and is thereafter washed thoroughly in water and dried.
I2; Roller I rotates at substantially the same 7 speed as 5 and i and roller 9 at a considerably greater speed while rollers I0 and II, which are partly immersed in a bath containing hardening liquid 13, both rotate'at substantially the same speedas the roller 1. In this case after leaving the coagulating bath the thread is subjected to a hardening treatment without stretching in the bath 1. It is then stretched between the rollers 8 and Sand is-then finally hardened without stretching in thebath l3.
' What I claim is:
' A process for the manufacture and production of threads and the like, which comprises extruding a solution containing casein into a coagulating medium; drawing on. filaments from said coagulating medium and subjecting them to a preliminary hardening treatment, and thereafter improving the properties'ofthe thread by stretchingthem and then subjecting them to a second hardening treatment without allowing them to contract.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB31796/37A GB502710A (en) | 1937-11-18 | 1937-11-18 | Improvements in the manufacture and production of artificial filaments, threads and the like |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2290789A true US2290789A (en) | 1942-07-21 |
Family
ID=10328537
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US240427A Expired - Lifetime US2290789A (en) | 1937-11-18 | 1938-11-14 | Manufacture and production of artificial filaments, threads, and the like |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2290789A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE910950C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR845519A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB502710A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL60149C (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2425550A (en) * | 1943-04-17 | 1947-08-12 | Harold P Lundgren | Process of making oriented regenerated protein products |
| US2428603A (en) * | 1941-10-29 | 1947-10-07 | Nat Dairy Prod Corp | Process for hardening protein fibre |
| US2432776A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Aralac Inc | Process of producing artificial proteinaceous fiber utilizing finely divided material in the coagulating bath |
| US2460372A (en) * | 1943-10-20 | 1949-02-01 | Ici Ltd | Manufacture of artificial protein filaments |
| US2475697A (en) * | 1946-04-19 | 1949-07-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Treatment of collagen strands |
| US2485957A (en) * | 1946-04-26 | 1949-10-25 | American Cyanamid Co | Apparatus for treating strands |
| US2495566A (en) * | 1944-08-09 | 1950-01-24 | Ici Ltd | Production of insolubilized filamentary products by the wet spinning of protein solutions |
| US2506253A (en) * | 1944-09-06 | 1950-05-02 | Ici Ltd | Process of increasing the strength of insolubilized artificial protein filamets |
| US2521738A (en) * | 1944-06-15 | 1950-09-12 | Thomas L Mcmeekin | Process for the production of artificial bristles and the like from proteins |
| US2525825A (en) * | 1948-01-23 | 1950-10-17 | Robert F Peterson | Process for making casein fibers for felting |
| US2533356A (en) * | 1948-02-06 | 1950-12-12 | Borden Co | Casein filaments treated with mercuric salt and formaldehyde solution |
| US2864663A (en) * | 1954-11-01 | 1958-12-16 | Virginia Carolina Chem Corp | Process for the production of vegetable protein fibers |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL70665C (en) * | 1935-08-28 |
-
0
- NL NL60149D patent/NL60149C/xx active
-
1937
- 1937-11-18 GB GB31796/37A patent/GB502710A/en not_active Expired
-
1938
- 1938-11-02 FR FR845519D patent/FR845519A/en not_active Expired
- 1938-11-14 US US240427A patent/US2290789A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1938-11-18 DE DEC2213D patent/DE910950C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2428603A (en) * | 1941-10-29 | 1947-10-07 | Nat Dairy Prod Corp | Process for hardening protein fibre |
| US2425550A (en) * | 1943-04-17 | 1947-08-12 | Harold P Lundgren | Process of making oriented regenerated protein products |
| US2460372A (en) * | 1943-10-20 | 1949-02-01 | Ici Ltd | Manufacture of artificial protein filaments |
| US2521738A (en) * | 1944-06-15 | 1950-09-12 | Thomas L Mcmeekin | Process for the production of artificial bristles and the like from proteins |
| US2495566A (en) * | 1944-08-09 | 1950-01-24 | Ici Ltd | Production of insolubilized filamentary products by the wet spinning of protein solutions |
| US2506253A (en) * | 1944-09-06 | 1950-05-02 | Ici Ltd | Process of increasing the strength of insolubilized artificial protein filamets |
| US2432776A (en) * | 1945-06-13 | 1947-12-16 | Aralac Inc | Process of producing artificial proteinaceous fiber utilizing finely divided material in the coagulating bath |
| US2475697A (en) * | 1946-04-19 | 1949-07-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Treatment of collagen strands |
| US2485957A (en) * | 1946-04-26 | 1949-10-25 | American Cyanamid Co | Apparatus for treating strands |
| US2525825A (en) * | 1948-01-23 | 1950-10-17 | Robert F Peterson | Process for making casein fibers for felting |
| US2533356A (en) * | 1948-02-06 | 1950-12-12 | Borden Co | Casein filaments treated with mercuric salt and formaldehyde solution |
| US2864663A (en) * | 1954-11-01 | 1958-12-16 | Virginia Carolina Chem Corp | Process for the production of vegetable protein fibers |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB502710A (en) | 1939-03-23 |
| DE910950C (en) | 1954-05-10 |
| NL60149C (en) | |
| FR845519A (en) | 1939-08-25 |
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