US2145076A - Method of preparing artificial threads - Google Patents

Description

Patented Jan. 24, 1939 UNITED STATES METHOD or PREPARING ARTIFICIAL THREADS Paul Ehrenstein, Lyon, France, assignor to Societe Rhodiaceta, a corporation of France No Drawing; Application April 1, 1937, Serial No. 134,278. In Great Britain June 4, 1936 11 Claims. (01. 18-54) This invention relates to the manufacture of threads and films made from cellulose esters and ethers.

In British Patent 352,445 there has been described and claimed a process for the purpose of giving to threads made from cellulose esters and ethers a structure analogous to that of natural fibers, that is to say, an axially regular crystalline structure recognizable as such by means of X-ray analysis, which carries with it a great improvement of the properties of the thread, particularly of the tensile strength.

These results have been obtained by putting threads in contact with a neutral organic swelling medium and thereby producing a highly swollen condition of the thread and high degree of plasticity, and subjecting these threads to a stretching of at least 200% of their original length, the state of super-plasticity of the thread being such that a stretching of the thread of 1000% or even more can be easily obtained.

The swelling medium referred to in British Patent 352,445 as being particularly possessive of the necessary qualities to produce the state of super-plasticity and highly swollen condition is a mixture of approximately 50% dioxane and approximately 50% water, and it is employed at room temperature.

I have found that results analogous to those obtained in British Patent 352,445 can be obtained with acetone-water baths.

I have found that by using an acetone water bath at room temperature it is impossible to ef-' feet on a finished thread, made either by dry or wet spinning process, a stretching which would give to the thread an axial crystalline structure.

If the concentration of acetone is too small, it is not possible to effect any stretching but, in proportion as the concentration of acetone is increased, stretching can be effected. However, at no time, even at a concentration greater than 40% by weight of acetone, does one approach the state of super-swelling and plasticity which characterizes the dioxane-water mixtures of concentration described in the aforementioned British patent. The threads obtained do not possess the properties of threads stretched out in the dioxane-water mixture particularly the axially regular crystalline structure.

On the other hand, I have discovered that I can produce cellulose acetate threads possessing axially regular crystalline structure, recognizable as such by X-ray analysis, by stretching the threads in an aqueous solution of acetone which can be comparatively dilute, provided that it is maintained at a relatively high temperature, the thread being introduced into this solution not in the form of a finished thread but in the form of a thread swollen with acetone at the moment when it emerges from the spinneret.

Specifically, I have found that by wet spinning a cellulose acetate solution into a coagulation bath of an aqueous acetone solution under the conditions hereinafter more fully explained I can produce an artificial thread of high tensile. strength and having an axiallyregular crystal-' line structure recognizable as such by X-ray analysis.

The temperature of the aqueous acetone bath is higher than room temperature and it should be near and even above that of the boilingpoint of acetone. Satisfactory results have been secured when the bath was at a temperature of from 50 C. to 65 C. Theconcentration of acetone of the media used should be from 20% to by weight. I have found that by working in this manner it is not necessary in order to obtain glossy threads to add to the super-swelling bath substances which retard the action of precipitation. This is possibly due to the fact that I work with a stretching greater than 1000%.

I have also found that it is highly advantageous in carrying the invention into effect to carry out the stretching at a very high speed, that is to say, that the finished thread should' be wound at a speed of at least 100 meters a minute, and this speed can reach 250 or even 300 meters a minute. These winding speeds are given only by way of example and are not lim itative. Ingeneral, I have found that the more the speed of thread-making is raised, the more the concentration of the acetone in the coagulation bath can be reduced.

The process described can be easily carried out utilizing spinning solutions of cellulose acetate in some suitable solvent, preferably acetone, whose concentration can vary according to the original viscosity of the cellulose ester. This concentration may, for example, be between 20% and The spinnerets used have holes the diameters of which are always greater than 0.12 millimeter and preferably lie between 0.15 and 0.20 millimeter.

In order to diminish the pressure of the spinning solution at the spinneret and to facilitate the diffusion of the acetone at the moment of making the thread, it is useful to maintain the spinning solution before making the thread at a raised temperature preferably of the order of the coagulation bath. To simplify matters, the coagulation bath itself can be utilized as a heating fluid for the spinneret head. In this case the temperature of the spinning solution will be the same as that of the coagulation bath.

The thread produced according to the present invention possesses axially regular crystalline structure and a strength of more than 3 grams to the denier. A strength of 4 grams can-be reached and probably even more. The elongation at the breaking point isabout 6% to 7%. After or during the making of the thread it can be twisted, lubricated, dressed, oiled, or otherwise treated to facilitate its final employment in various textile operations. It may be submitted to a saponification treatment to give it-an afiinity for direct cotton dyes, andit may also be submitted to a swelling treatment withor without tension in order to increase its elongation at breaking point.

' In order to more fully explain'the invention, there are hereafter set forth several specific embodiments thereof. It is to be understood that the specific examples are illustrative of the invention and that the invention is not restricted thereto.

Example 1 A- spinning solution containing 27% cellulose acetate dissolved in acetone was spun into an aqueous coagulation bath containing 23% to 25% of acetone by weight and maintained ata tem- 'perature of 63 C. The-spinneret holes were 0.18 millimeter, and the speed of winding was 114 meters a minute.

The thread obtained gave a titre of 60 deniers for 80 filaments and possessed a tensile strength of 3.5 to 3.8 grams per denier" with an elongation at breaking point'of 6% to 7.5%.

' Example 2 A spinning solution composed of cellulose acetate dissolved in acetone was spun into an aqueous coagulation bath containing 28% to 29% 4 acetone by weight maintained at a temperature of 50 C. The winding speed was 100 meters a minute and the spinneret used had holes of 0.18 millimeter. The thread obtained gave a titre of 100- deniers for 150 filaments and had atensile strength of 3.1 grams per denier and anelongation of 6.2%.

7 Since it is obvious thatvarious changes and tion without departing from the nature or spirit thereof, this invention isnot restricted thereto except'as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A process of producing artificial thread'having relatively high tensilestrength and possessing axially regular crystalline structure visible than .12 millimeterand not over .20 millimeter,

in a coagulating bath consisting of water and I 20% to 30% by weight of acetone and'maintained at a temperature of the order of the boiling point of acetone, and winding the thread at a speed of at least 100 meters per minute.

2. A- process of producing artificial thread havunder X-rays which comprisesspinning a celluloseacetate solution through. spinnerets having holes from .15 to .20 millimeter in diameter into a coagulating bath consisting of water and 20% to 30% by weight of acetone and maintained at a. temperature of from 50 C. to 65 C., and winding the thread at a speed of at least 100 meters per minute.

3. A process of producing artificial thread having relatively high tensile strength and possessing axially regular crystalline structure visible under X-rays which comprises spinning a solution of cellulose acetate in acetone through spinnerets having holes, the diameters of which are greater than-.12millimeter and not over .20 millimeter, in a coagulating bath consisting of water and 20% to 30% by weight of acetone and main- 'tained at a temperature of the order of the boiling point of acetone, and winding the thread at a speed of at'least 100 meters per minute.

4.'-A processof producing artificial thread having relatively high tensile strength and possessing axially regular crystalline structure visible --un'der.=X-rays which comprises spinning a solution of cellulose acetate in acetone through spinnerets having holes, the diameters of which are greater than .12 millimeter and not over .20 millimeter, into a coagulating bath consisting of water and 20% to 30% by weight of acetone and maintained at a temperature of from 50 C. to 65 C., and winding the thread at a speed of at least 100 meters per minute.

5. A process of producing artificial thread hav-" ing relatively high tensile strength and possessing axially regular crystalline structurevisible under X-rays' which comprises spinning a solution of cellulose acetate in acetone through spinnerets having holes from .15 to 20 millimeters in diameter in a coagulating bath. consisting of water and 20% to 30% by weight of acetone and maintained at a temperature of the order of the boiling point of acetone, and winding the thread at a speed of at least'100 meters per minute.

6. A process of producing artificial thread havingrelatively high tensile strength and possessing axially regular crystalline structure visible under X-rays which comprises spinning a solumaintained at a temperature of from 50 C. to --65 C.,- and winding the thread at a speed of at least 100 meters per minute.

'7. A process of producing artificial thread havrnodifications may be made in the above descripmg relatively high tensile strength and possesstion of cellulose acetate in acetone through spinnerets having holes 0.18 millimeter in diameter in a'coagulating bath consisting of water and 23% to 25% by weight of acetone and maintained at a temperature of 63 C., and winding the thread at a speed of approximately 114 meters per minute.

8. A process of producing artificial thread having relatively high tensile strength and possessing axially regular crystalline structure visible under X-rays which comprises spinning a solution of cellulose acetate in acetone through spinnerets having holes 0.18 millimeter in diameter in a coagulating bath consisting of water and 28% to 29% by weight of acetone and maintained at a temperature of 50 C., and winding the thread at aspeed of approximately 100 meters per minute.

9. In a process of producing artificial thread having high tensile strength and possessing axially regular crystalline structure visible under X-rays, the steps which comprise spinning a solution of cellulose acetate through a spinneret into a coagulating bath consisting of water and to by weight of acetone maintained at a temperature of the order of the boiling point of the acetone, and winding the thread at a speed to stretch the previously produced thread at least 1000%.

10. In a process of producing artificial thread having high tensile strength and possessing oaxially regular crystalline structure visible under X-rays, the steps which comprise spinning a solution of cellulose acetate through a spinneret into a coagulating bath consisting of water and 20% to 30% by weight or acetone maintained at a temperature of the order of the boiling point of the acetone, and winding the thread at a speed of at least 100 meters per minute.

11. In a process of producing artificial thread having high tensile strength and possessing axially regular crystalline structure visible under X-rays, the steps which comprise spinning a solution of cellulose acetate through a spinneret into a coagulating bath consisting of water and 20% to 30% by weight of acetone maintained at-a temperature of from C. to C., and winding the thread at a speed of at least meters per minute.

PAUL EHRENSTEIN.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. Patent No. 2,115,076. January 21 1959.

PAUL EHRENSTEIN- It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of. the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, second column, line 55, claim 5,'for'" .15 to 20 millimeters" read .15 to .20 millimeter; and that the said Letters Patent shouldbe read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office Signed and sealed this 11 th day of March, A.D.' 1959.

Henry Van Arsdale (Seal) 1 Acting Commissioner of Patents.