US2290554A - Method of fabricating reinforced material - Google Patents
Method of fabricating reinforced material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2290554A US2290554A US342713A US34271340A US2290554A US 2290554 A US2290554 A US 2290554A US 342713 A US342713 A US 342713A US 34271340 A US34271340 A US 34271340A US 2290554 A US2290554 A US 2290554A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- sheet
- wire
- mesh
- wire mesh
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
- C22C47/062—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element from wires or filaments only
- C22C47/066—Weaving wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/20—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by subjecting to pressure and heat an assembly comprising at least one metal layer or sheet and one layer of fibres or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49936—Surface interlocking
Definitions
- the present invention'i' relates tothe reinforcing of soft plastic materials, and particularlyto the reinforcingof softmetals, the ductility of whichx;
- Lead sheet is used for-many purposes.'V jSorne'ofV these uses arefor flashings, roofing; fand .various architectural purposes, ⁇ as well asfor-thelining of tanks and the like. Since lead issomewhat Weak as a structural material, attempts have been made to either alloy the rn'ate'riali'n'l order Lto strengthen it, orto attach, support, linevor. other.. wise mechanically statten, themetalr inlsorn',l way or other. If the sheet iswhung vertically bysupporting -attahmentstit willoften fail by ⁇ creeping or buckiingpfdueto its owiiweig'ht'unlessthe de.
- one of the emette Qffu'ie ,prsent A invention is to provide a stronger sheet flead orvlead ⁇ alloy which will overcomefto a great ,degree the inherent tendencyoflead to elongate; creep.:buckle.v kand crack-.
- Other objects of 'my invention and novelfeatures of construction willbeconie apparent from thespecificationA when lconsidered together with the accompanying drawing,jin'which rial as iron, tinnedwiron, galvanized iron,l steel,
- l representsl a .sheetk of lead'ofrany v desired thickness which i ⁇ s placed fiat on' the bed -'2"bffa rolling mill of the vtype used A,in rollin'glead. 0n top of this sheet of leadl is placed La-'wire-mesh screen 3.
- Fig. 1 is aperspectivefview ⁇ f a suitable rolling apparatus and of my novel product'before and after being-rolled;l1ig.2 is adetailed view in cross sectionof myfabricatedproduct; and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic,representation"of the improved properties exhibited by my lnovel product.
- stretchingHV of a metal under tension mayresult in sudden v failure in the space ofa fewminutesby reason of the imposition of a load too great forthv metal to bear,A but failure may also result by4 a'V very gradual process of elongation which can' only be noted .by careful measurements during thefcourse of weeks or months.
- vThe vi'lrst phenomenon is commonly vtested for and denoted by what is one or more times.
- Lead sheet reinforced tion it is also desirable to have the lead 110W over rolled, ⁇ and the size of the wire mesh usedA as a reinforcingagent. ⁇ In the operation of vmy invenmesh being held in place regardless of the amount and degree of bending to which the reinforcedj sheet lead may be subjected, my invention. primarily contemplates sweating the ,wires in the lead following the rolling operation.. The procedure is as follows: 4
- the reinforcing agent for example, an iron wire screen
- a-soft solder for example, an iron wire screen
- the lead sheet andth'e coated wire mesh are then passed together through the rolls in a manner similar to that described above.
- the top side of the rolled lead sheet into which the wire mesh is em bedded is ⁇ coated with a suitable flux of. zinc chloride, or the like, which mayffbe, applied by brushing, and placed in an oven for a short period of time, and heated at a ⁇ temperature of about 230 C. until the solder-coating on the wire mesh is melted and the wire thus sweated rmly into the lead sheet.
- the temperature and time of the sweating operation may vary between wide limits, depending upon the alloy or the solder used. Usually, ten minutes-are sum'- cient to accomplish the desired result.
- the. reinforced sheet lead is washed so as to remove. the surplus zinc chloride therefrom.
- Table I shows the ultimate tensile strength to failure on specimens of pure commercial lead sheets and antimonial lead sheets.- 'I'hese specimens weregabout 0.04" thick, ⁇ and were pulled on the testing machine at a rate. of about 0.5" per minute on a 2.0"- test length.
- Table II illustrates the -vastly increased resistance tocreep imparted to sheets of lead and of anti-- monial lead when reinforced according tothe present invention.
- Specimen C Lead sheet having. an overall thickness of .046" ninfcrdwith 1'4 mesh wire of I, 250 0. 00 0; 00 0. 00 .017r diameter which has 1,750 .03 .07 been sweated or soldered irl ⁇ 2; 250' 00 00 03 Vthe leadlsheeL-.. 3,00) .03 .07 .l0
- the reinforcement of the sheet may bey accomplished by'means other than. rolling, such. its",y for' instance, placing the. lead sheet, together with the wire mesh, in a press or-by extruding.l lead ribbon together with the wire mesh in. aimannersimilar to the method of extruding cable sheathing. around cable.
- a process for making a reinforced leadl or lead alloy sheet which: comprises-- coating a wire
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Description
July 21, 1942.
C. H. HACK METHOD 0F FABRICATING vREINFORGED MATERIAL Filed June 27, 1940 .BY ma'.
Patented 21,?1942,4`
, in nate; s
poration ofNew Jersey application June Y21;,1940, serai-N0, 342,743 n. Y i "'roiiig'f' i The present invention'i'relates tothe reinforcing of soft plastic materials, and particularlyto the reinforcingof softmetals, the ductility of whichx;
permit their cold.v rolling.' v
For'the sake of clarity my invention .will-Ehe described with respect to the strengthening or reinforcement of sheet lead :or alloys of lead.
Lead sheet is used for-many purposes.'V jSorne'ofV these uses arefor flashings, roofing; fand .various architectural purposes, `as well asfor-thelining of tanks and the like. Since lead issomewhat Weak as a structural material, attempts have been made to either alloy the rn'ate'riali'n'l order Lto strengthen it, orto attach, support, linevor. other.. wise mechanically stiften, themetalr inlsorn',l way or other. If the sheet iswhung vertically bysupporting -attahmentstit willoften fail by` creeping or buckiingpfdueto its owiiweig'ht'unlessthe de.
sign and, the nmnber.,ofattaehrnentserstnesses are carefully planned, solas "toi"relieveV theistrain on the lead sheet. Ro'ionng willA at timessagfand elongate under the,f orce Yoffits weightgfandithis property-ofthemetal is usua y' termed' crawlings The longtime negation Ork-'stretch ofthe .f-
metal under steady loads'is due fto the inherent plasticnature. ofthe 'metalg,Furthermore-lead Vhas a considerable eoefficientofj'expansii'n, and .when it is l subjected to.'r periodic vchanges o`f Ytemperature itl tends to fail by buckling and subsequent cracking.
one of the emette Qffu'ie ,prsent A invention is to provide a stronger sheet flead orvlead `alloy which will overcomefto a great ,degree the inherent tendencyoflead to elongate; creep.:buckle.v kand crack-. Other objects of 'my invention and novelfeatures of constructionwillbeconie apparent from thespecificationA when lconsidered together with the accompanying drawing,jin'which rial as iron, tinnedwiron, galvanized iron,l steel,
stainless' f steel, .moneL` inickel, ,.copper, brass, bronze-'or the"like,1whichissuitably embedded in the'sheet of lead', or, if desired, between two sheets offlead,it being understood that ,thislatter prod uct can be so fabricated as nottobe subsequently thicker than the `single lead-sheet with the reinforcing means embedded therein. The thickness of .thefabricated product will,`of course, 'be dependent upon the'us'efto'whichit is to be put.
Withfreference'nowto Figs.`1 and'2, in which similar numerals refer to similar parts, l representsl a .sheetk of lead'ofrany v desired thickness which i `s placed fiat on' the bed -'2"bffa rolling mill of the vtype used A,in rollin'glead. 0n top of this sheet of leadl is placed La-'wire-mesh screen 3.
304 With the passage space through thel rolls 4 being .v approximately the same ora little less than the "thickness of the sheet, the lead and the screen are simultaneously passed through the rolls. In order to insure the proper; embedding of the wire-mesh screen into the lead sheet,`my invention contem- `plates re-passingtheleadsheet through the rolls Fig. 1 is aperspectivefview `f a suitable rolling apparatus and of my novel product'before and after being-rolled;l1ig.2 is adetailed view in cross sectionof myfabricatedproduct; and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic,representation"of the improved properties exhibited by my lnovel product.
As understood at thepresent time, stretchingHV of a metal under tension mayresult in sudden v failure in the space ofa fewminutesby reason of the imposition of a load too great forthv metal to bear,A but failure may also result by4 a'V very gradual process of elongation which can' only be noted .by careful measurements during thefcourse of weeks or months. vThe vi'lrst phenomenon is commonly vtested for and denoted by what is one or more times. However, in Viewv of the fact that the amount of reduction of thickness of the lead sheet should be carefully controlled, since it is'not desirable to f orce the wire to elongate, nor .to elongate the lead so much that the ends thereof willl lack the reinforcing properties of the wire screen, it is well to subject the lead sheet only to such a number of' rolling operations as may be -suicient properly to embed the wire mesh into the sheet. Generally speaking, twice passing. the
,amount of the-,clearance space between the. rolls .lead sheet through the rolls with a roll clearance space slightly smallerthan the thickness of the sheet to be Arolled is sufficient. Of course, the
" will depend upon the hardness of the alloy to be known as the ultimate tensile strength, while the: latter is called "creep." Lead sheet reinforced tion it is also desirable to have the lead 110W over rolled,` and the size of the wire mesh usedA as a reinforcingagent. `In the operation of vmy invenmesh being held in place regardless of the amount and degree of bending to which the reinforcedj sheet lead may be subjected, my invention. primarily contemplates sweating the ,wires in the lead following the rolling operation.. The procedure is as follows: 4
The reinforcing agent, for example, an iron wire screen, is first suitably coated with a-soft solder. The lead sheet andth'e coated wire mesh are then passed together through the rolls in a manner similar to that described above. After rolling, the top side of the rolled lead sheet into which the wire mesh is em bedded is `coated with a suitable flux of. zinc chloride, or the like, which mayffbe, applied by brushing, and placed in an oven for a short period of time, and heated at a `temperature of about 230 C. until the solder-coating on the wire mesh is melted and the wire thus sweated rmly into the lead sheet. The temperature and time of the sweating operation may vary between wide limits, depending upon the alloy or the solder used. Usually, ten minutes-are sum'- cient to accomplish the desired result. -After being removed from thev oven, the. reinforced sheet lead is washed so as to remove. the surplus zinc chloride therefrom.
The remarkably improved` properties of the 1 product reinforced according to my invention.
are vividly illustrated by the tables given. below. Table I shows the ultimate tensile strength to failure on specimens of pure commercial lead sheets and antimonial lead sheets.- 'I'hese specimens weregabout 0.04" thick, `and were pulled on the testing machine at a rate. of about 0.5" per minute on a 2.0"- test length. Table II illustrates the -vastly increased resistance tocreep imparted to sheets of lead and of anti-- monial lead when reinforced according tothe present invention.
TABLE I Ultimate tensile strength of sheet lead and amti-l monial lead reinforced withron wire mesh Y, Tensile Composition of sheet Reinforcementreinforced None 12 mesh x .011 diameter iron wire.
l4 mesh x .017 diameter iron wire.
12 mesh x .011 diameter iron wire (wire mesh soldered or sweated in the metal sheet).
14 mesh x .017 diameter iron wire (wire mesh soldered or sweated in the metal sheet).
None c 14 mesh x .015 diameter on wire.
14 mesh x .015 diameter iron wire (wire mesh soldered or sweated in the metal sheet).
ses sees 6% antimonia 1cm. 6%-antimonial lead. 6% antimonial lead.
este Tnu I1 Creep strength-percent elongation under load- Load Tlmerand percent creep pel| sq.
mh Zwecks iwceks B'wceks Specimen A Lead sheethavingnjnoverali ag. :mm-" thickness of .040"-not wo v 2:60- 1b 7 mm'd 800 Broke in one day Specimen B 1 und sneeinsvingsncvmu 1,250 0.00 o.0o 0.00 thicknessk ci .040" rein 1,3150 .00 .03 .03 forced with 14- mesh-wireol 2,250 .00 .'03 .07 .011" dinmetet.- 3.a!) .l0 .l1 .Zi
Specimen C Lead sheet having. an overall thickness of .046" ninfcrdwith 1'4 mesh wire of I, 250 0. 00 0; 00 0. 00 .017r diameter which has 1,750 .03 .07 been sweated or soldered irl` 2; 250' 00 00 03 Vthe leadlsheeL-.. 3,00) .03 .07 .l0
Specimen D y --1% antimonia lendsheet ig 0% e havingIan-overallthlelrncss 800. sa 1b; I 2L@ of'ow not ramr0rd"" l 1,000 1 11.7 v Brokc'inlldays Specimen E i (W1, antimonial-lead having Il {,250', 0.00 0.00 0.00
an-overallthicknessci" 12.750 .00 .00 y.00` reinforced with 14 mesh 2,250 .10' .10 .17 wire of .05" diameter 3,000 .13 .20 .V30
Specimen F 6%.antimcnin11eno having time i."
. re orce w1 rneshwireof..U l5diamete-r 1% o'gg which has been sweate'd or 2*, 250 '03 '07 soldered inthe antimonial 3; 000, "10. 23. 37
'Ifo` more clearly illustrate t data embodiedin Tablev II, referenceis. made toliig.` III, which graphically sets forth the contents of this' table. graphic illustration' is' self-explanatory, and no furtherselabo-rati'omis necessary.`
It is tov be underswod. thatv the foregoing description; of my inventionihas been given merely for illustrative purposes, andi no undue limita-- tions should `be deduced. therefrom. Thus, it is' to be understood that the? scope of my' invention is: sufiiciently; broad toA embrace4 the' reinforcing of lead or lead alloy sheets with` wire mesh on both top and bottomy sides'. Furthermore', the reinforcement may be accomplished by placing wire mesh between two leador lead alloy sheets, and then rolling the same, as hereinabovev described.
Also', it is to be' understood that the reinforcement of the sheet may bey accomplished by'means other than. rolling, such. its",y for' instance, placing the. lead sheet, together with the wire mesh, in a press or-by extruding.l lead ribbon together with the wire mesh in. aimannersimilar to the method of extruding cable sheathing. around cable.
I claim:
A process for making a reinforced leadl or lead alloy sheet which: comprises-- coating a wire
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US342713A US2290554A (en) | 1940-06-27 | 1940-06-27 | Method of fabricating reinforced material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US342713A US2290554A (en) | 1940-06-27 | 1940-06-27 | Method of fabricating reinforced material |
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US2290554A true US2290554A (en) | 1942-07-21 |
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US342713A Expired - Lifetime US2290554A (en) | 1940-06-27 | 1940-06-27 | Method of fabricating reinforced material |
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Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2421607A (en) * | 1942-04-03 | 1947-06-03 | Harwood B Fowler | Method of making metallic printing screens |
US2455804A (en) * | 1943-01-01 | 1948-12-07 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Nickel chromium tungsten composite metal body and method of making same |
US2474038A (en) * | 1945-03-03 | 1949-06-21 | Metals & Controls Corp | Composite metal |
US2738572A (en) * | 1950-11-09 | 1956-03-20 | Unilever Ltd | Manufacture of lead sheet |
DE1208824B (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1966-01-13 | Tektronix Inc | Method for producing an ohmic metallic contact electrode on a half-body of a semiconductor component |
US4066201A (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1978-01-03 | Richard Bleckmann | Method of joining metal parts |
FR2393198A1 (en) * | 1977-03-28 | 1978-12-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Sound damped building material - has rod or tube with longitudinal grooves rolled on surface prior to twisting |
US4203195A (en) * | 1977-10-21 | 1980-05-20 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of production of vibration absorbing metallic material |
FR2683173A1 (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-05-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Aluminium-based composite metal sheet and method of manufacturing this metal sheet |
US5419024A (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-05-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method of producing a controlled fragmentation warhead case |
US5430928A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1995-07-11 | Seb S.A. | Method for fixing a grid or perforated plate to the bottom of a cooking vessel |
WO1996033031A1 (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1996-10-24 | Rondex Oy Ltd. | Method for joining metal parts by roll forming for manufacturing of for instance a cooking vessel |
WO1997009136A1 (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1997-03-13 | Rondex Oy Ltd. | Method for manufacturing a formed piece of metal |
US10107346B2 (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-10-23 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Dry friction damped metallic material and methods of manufacturing and using same |
US10589589B2 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2020-03-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Integrated steering yoke and spring seat for suspension systems |
-
1940
- 1940-06-27 US US342713A patent/US2290554A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2421607A (en) * | 1942-04-03 | 1947-06-03 | Harwood B Fowler | Method of making metallic printing screens |
US2455804A (en) * | 1943-01-01 | 1948-12-07 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Nickel chromium tungsten composite metal body and method of making same |
US2474038A (en) * | 1945-03-03 | 1949-06-21 | Metals & Controls Corp | Composite metal |
US2738572A (en) * | 1950-11-09 | 1956-03-20 | Unilever Ltd | Manufacture of lead sheet |
DE1208824B (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1966-01-13 | Tektronix Inc | Method for producing an ohmic metallic contact electrode on a half-body of a semiconductor component |
US4066201A (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1978-01-03 | Richard Bleckmann | Method of joining metal parts |
FR2393198A1 (en) * | 1977-03-28 | 1978-12-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Sound damped building material - has rod or tube with longitudinal grooves rolled on surface prior to twisting |
US4203195A (en) * | 1977-10-21 | 1980-05-20 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of production of vibration absorbing metallic material |
FR2683173A1 (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1993-05-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Aluminium-based composite metal sheet and method of manufacturing this metal sheet |
US5430928A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1995-07-11 | Seb S.A. | Method for fixing a grid or perforated plate to the bottom of a cooking vessel |
US5419024A (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1995-05-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method of producing a controlled fragmentation warhead case |
WO1996033031A1 (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1996-10-24 | Rondex Oy Ltd. | Method for joining metal parts by roll forming for manufacturing of for instance a cooking vessel |
US6061892A (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 2000-05-16 | Rondex Oy Ltd. | Method for joining metal parts by roll forming for manufacturing a cooking vessel |
WO1997009136A1 (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1997-03-13 | Rondex Oy Ltd. | Method for manufacturing a formed piece of metal |
US6233990B1 (en) | 1995-09-05 | 2001-05-22 | Rondex Oy Ltd. | Method for manufacturing a formed piece of metal |
CN1068535C (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 2001-07-18 | 隆德克斯有限公司 | Method for mfg. of metal formed piece |
US10107346B2 (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-10-23 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Dry friction damped metallic material and methods of manufacturing and using same |
US10589589B2 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2020-03-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Integrated steering yoke and spring seat for suspension systems |
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