US2290254A - Lightning arrester - Google Patents

Lightning arrester Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2290254A
US2290254A US278843A US27884339A US2290254A US 2290254 A US2290254 A US 2290254A US 278843 A US278843 A US 278843A US 27884339 A US27884339 A US 27884339A US 2290254 A US2290254 A US 2290254A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
arc
contacts
silicon carbide
chamber
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US278843A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Slepian Joseph
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE440276D priority Critical patent/BE440276A/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US278843A priority patent/US2290254A/en
Priority to CH222048D priority patent/CH222048A/fr
Priority to DES8149D priority patent/DE941507C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2290254A publication Critical patent/US2290254A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
    • H01T1/08—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01T1/10—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid with extinguishing fluid evolved from solid material by heat of arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/76—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor

Definitions

  • My invention relates to electric discharge apparatus and has particular relation to are extinguishing devices.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide a lightning arrester that shall respond to potentials of moderate magnitude and that shall function to efficiently interrupt the arc ignited.
  • a more general object of my invention is to provide an arc extinguishing arrangement of simple structure.
  • An ancillary object of my invention is to provide a contrivance for facilitating the ignition of an arc in a desired region.
  • a discharge may be initiated over the surface of a semi-conductor such as silicon carbide, boron carbide, and zirconium compounds of the type used in the art for the construction of resistance rods by the application of a relatively low potential.
  • a discharge may be produced over the surface of a rod of silicon carbide crystals, such as are sold under the trade name of Carborundum crystals, by the application of a potential gradient of approximately 800 volts per inch.
  • a potential gradient of approximately 800 volts per inch.
  • the magnitude of the potential which produces the discharge is dependent on the dimensions and structure of the surface.
  • a discharge may take place over the surface of a single large silicon carbide crystal or a bar formed of a number of crystals held together by a binder such as water glass or a ceramic glaze.
  • This discharge takes the form of an are when it in an arc extinguishing chamber.
  • a pair of fixed electrodes shunting the contacts is provided in the chamber and by reason of the ionization produced by the discharge over the silicon carbide surface, an arc is ignited between the electrodes. The are between the contacts is, therefore, interrupted and when the current next passes through zero the arc in the chamber is extinguished.
  • silicon carbide surfaces are provided along the surfaces of the slots of an insulator which forms a gas in the presence of an arc.
  • the surfaces facilitate the ignition of an arc and, therefore, the arrangement responds to a substantially lower potential than a corresponding arrangement in which they are absent.
  • the apparatus shown in the figure comprises a set of cooperative fixed and movable main contacts l l and 13, respectively, and a plurality of sets of cooperative fixed and movable auxiliary contacts 15 and I1, and I9 and 2
  • are interposed in series between a source 23 of any general type and a load 25, the main contacts H and I3 being connected between the auxiliary contacts I 5 to 2 I.
  • the movable contacts I3, l1 and 2! are mounted on insulating levers 27, 29 and 3!, respectively, which are in turn secured to a pivotally support-ed pin 33.
  • the supporting shaft is latched so that the contacts ll, l5 and I9 and I3, I! and 2
  • the latch 35 is released by a solenoid 37 in the usual well known manner and the pin 33 carries the movable contacts l3, l1 and 2
  • The are ignited between the contacts when they are opened is interrupted within a hollow cylinder 4
  • ring-shaped electrodes 65 and t! of a suitable conducting material are disposed at the ends of the rod '53.
  • the electrodes are interposed between the source 23 and the load 25 in parallel with the contacts H to 2!.
  • the rod 43 is held in the insulating cylinder ll by a pair of rings 4-5 and iii which are pressed into the cylinder and engage the electrodes 45 and 41 at their ends.
  • the supporting rings 49 and are perforated so that gas may flow through the cylinder G! with facility.
  • the rod 43 is also provided with a pair of conducting terminals 53 and 55 which are disposed adjacent to the electrodes 55 and M, respectively, and are rigidly secured to the rod. In the preferred practice of my invention, the terminals should be mounted approximately from the corresponding electrodes.
  • step-up transformers 51 and 59 are provided.
  • the primaries 5! of the transformers are connected across the auxiliary contacts l5 and H and i9 and 2i.
  • the electrode 45 and the associated terminal 53 are connected across the secondary 53 of one transformer 5'! and the other electrode 4'! and its associated terminal 55 ,are connected across the other secondary.
  • results in the impressing of a potential across the silicon carbide surface between the terminals 53 and 55 and the electrodes 45 and Lil, respectively.
  • the potential is sufficient to produce a discharge over the adjacent surfaces.
  • are disengaged, the total potential across the contacts is also impressed between the electrodes 45 and 41.
  • is transformed into an are between the electrodes 45 and ll.
  • a low resistance coil 65 is provided adjacent the main contacts H and I3. The coil is connected in series with the contacts II to 2
  • the arc at the main contacts II and I3 is blown out and its transfer to the extinction chamber is facilitated.
  • the heat of the arc causes the fiber cylinder fl to emit a deionizing gas and the arc is eX- tinguished when the current passes through zero at the end of the half-period following the transfer.
  • an insulator 43 surfaced with silicon carbide is used. This structure may of course be modified without departing from the scope of my invention.
  • the silicon carbide surface need not extend throughout the whole length of the insulator 43. It may be restricted to the ends.
  • an insulating tube is provided with silicon carbide ends.
  • the composite tube may be constructed by securing small cylindrical blocks of silicon carbide to the ends of a porcelain cylinder and fastening the terminals 53 and 55 and the electrodes 45 and 4'! to the silicon carbide.
  • circuit interrupter having a plurality ,of pairs of contacts, an arc-extinguishing chamber, a crystalline surface of the silicon carbide type disposed in said chamber,
  • the combination comprising a plurality of pairs of contacts interposed in series between said load and said source, an arc-extinguishing chamber, a crystalline surface of the silicon carbide type disposed in said chamber, means for connectings'aid surface in parallel with said 'shunt'with said contact means and means for igniting an are between said electrodes on the operation of said contact means and igniting means including surfaces of silicon carbide within said'chamber'and means for producing a discharge over said surface.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
US278843A 1939-06-13 1939-06-13 Lightning arrester Expired - Lifetime US2290254A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE440276D BE440276A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1939-06-13
US278843A US2290254A (en) 1939-06-13 1939-06-13 Lightning arrester
CH222048D CH222048A (fr) 1939-06-13 1940-06-11 Dispositif d'extinction d'arc.
DES8149D DE941507C (de) 1939-06-13 1940-06-14 Entladungseinrichtung fuer Stromunterbrecher und UEberspannungsschutzeinrichtungen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US278843A US2290254A (en) 1939-06-13 1939-06-13 Lightning arrester

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2290254A true US2290254A (en) 1942-07-21

Family

ID=23066612

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US278843A Expired - Lifetime US2290254A (en) 1939-06-13 1939-06-13 Lightning arrester

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2290254A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE440276A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH222048A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE941507C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2474711A (en) * 1943-11-11 1949-06-28 Jr Edward H Yonkers Protective system for electric lines
DE969998C (de) * 1951-04-05 1958-08-07 Ind D Soule Ets Elektrischer Spannungsbegrenzer zum Schutz elektrischer Einrichtungen

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007002429B4 (de) * 2006-11-03 2016-03-24 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Gekapselter, druckfest ausgeführter blitzstromtragfähiger Überspannungsableiter mit Netzfolgestromlöschvermögen
DE102015012408A1 (de) 2015-09-24 2017-03-30 Wolfgang Siebert Applikator für flüssige Reinigungsmittel zum Anbringen an Flächenreinigungsgeräten.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE663387C (de) * 1929-12-05 1938-08-05 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges UEberspannungsableiter
DE641131C (de) * 1930-05-11 1937-01-22 Aeg Einrichtung zur Steuerung eines elektrischen Stromes, insbesondere zur Regelung elektrischer Maschinen
DE703094C (de) * 1938-02-22 1941-02-28 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Spannungsabhaengiger Widerstand, insbesondere fuer UEberspannungsableiter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2474711A (en) * 1943-11-11 1949-06-28 Jr Edward H Yonkers Protective system for electric lines
DE969998C (de) * 1951-04-05 1958-08-07 Ind D Soule Ets Elektrischer Spannungsbegrenzer zum Schutz elektrischer Einrichtungen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE440276A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH222048A (fr) 1942-06-30
DE941507C (de) 1956-04-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2480622A (en) Electric switch
US2323702A (en) Voltage responsive switch
US2336316A (en) High voltage electric circuit breaker
US2290254A (en) Lightning arrester
GB394740A (en) Improvements in or relating to electric circuit breakers having arc-rupturing devices
GB534134A (en) Improvements in or relating to arc extinguishing devices for electric circuit interrupters of the air break type
US2261020A (en) Circuit interrupting device
US2467760A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2163559A (en) Circuit breaker
US2440995A (en) Electric circuit breaker
US2401963A (en) Electric circuit breaker
GB370980A (en) Improvements in or relating to electric current interrupters
US2070315A (en) Circuit interrupter
US1603279A (en) Spark arrester
US2354134A (en) Circuit interrupter
GB369189A (en) Improvements in and relating to circuit breakers
US2486127A (en) Air blast electric circuit breaker
US2586290A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2316470A (en) Switch construction
US2399412A (en) Circuit interrupter
US1796160A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2242905A (en) Circuit interrupter
US2291263A (en) Multiple break gas blast circuit breaker
US3242291A (en) Gas-evolving arc-elongating highvoltage fuse
US2277422A (en) Electric circuit breaker