US2289684A - Oil burning device - Google Patents

Description

Jul 14, 1942.

v H; H. SAUNDERS OIL BURNING DEVICE Filed Oct. 14, 1938 INVENTOR BY Patented July 14, L942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 01L BURNING DEVICE Henry Horton Saunders, Newtown, Conn.

Application October 14, 1938, Serial No. 234,875

This invention relates to oil burning devices, more particularly such as are used for water heaters, stoves, cook stoves, space heaters, portable room heaters, etc., and. has for an object to improvethe combustion to secure greater eii'lciency, or to complete the combustion with a minimum of odor and free carbon in the'flnal products of combustion. It comprises primarily a wall of non-combustible material surrounding the burner or combustion chamber having a highly- .heat reflecting surface toward the burner or combustion chamber to reduce the radiation of heat laterally from the burner and to increase the temseveral types of oil burners or combustion apparatus with my invention'applied thereto, these {beingshown by way of example, as it will be understood the same principle and improvement combustion devices. f In this I drawingz.

section through one type is 'avertical section of a wick type 01' foil' fbi'i'ifner usingf a chimney and forming a blue flame burnenand witlrmy improvement applied through a'sleeve type appliedto aspace or room "heater it isadapted 'ior'use" in water heaters, boilers,"ffurnaces,etc.

It-comprises'a pot having a. side wall 5 surrounded by an airfspacefi and having perforations I for flow offair irom .this space into the combustion space 8 withinthe pot. There is also preferably atop wall? In extending inwardly from the'top "a-y' be applied to other types of burners and at I8 is bright and highly heat reflecting. This bright highly heat reflecting surface may be formed in a number of different ways. It may be formed by making the wall ii of metal having a highly polished heat reflecting surface or the wall l6 may be made of any of the usual materials such for example as sheet iron and have an inner lining of highly polished heat resisting and heat reflecting. metal. The wall or" heat reflecting inner surface l6 may be provided on the wall itself by polishing, or plating or coating" the surface as by eiectroiysis or spraying of of thewall 51 any desired distance leaving a central opening ll into the combustion or heating chamber 12'. f a

Qil is fed from any suitable source of supply, notsho'wn, through apipe l3 and passage I! to the bottom of the pot, where upon the'application of a flame the oil is vaporized, mixes with air supplied through the. sides of the pot and burns, or-if preferred a small amount of wicking it may be provided to become saturated with oil and ignited for starting the burner. The outer wall or the air space 6 is formed by an upright wall it, the air entering the space 6 at its lower end ll. The inner surface of this wall indicated molten metal or other material, or a separate thin layer of the bright metal may be applied to the inner side of wall IE, or other heat resisting and reflecting material may be applied to this wall.

Below the bottom wall I9 of the pot there may be a reflector plate 20 having a similar bright heat reflecting surface 2|. Thewall l6 and the chamber l2 may be surrounded by an external casing 22 forming an air space, 23 open at the bottom for entrance of air to be heated as indicated. at 24, the heated air passing outthrough the top through suitableopenings 25 in atop 26 on the casing. The final productsofcombustion from the chamber l2 may be led ,to a suitable flueor chimney by a pipe 21. The wall l0 atthe top of the pot also may have openings 28 from the air heating space 6 to the combustion space above the wall .I II to further fawithin the space, 8-or above the wall III or both depending on the rate or supply of oil to the p Upon the application of flame oil is vaporized at-the bottom of the pot above the wall l9, mixes with-air in the pot and burns. As the combustioncontinues the surfaces of thepot including the walls 5 and I8 and the topwall l0 become heated causing increased vaporization of the fuel supply. Draft draws air in through the holes in the shell 5. This air mixes with the oil vapors and the combustion continues. The flame is present inthe pot or above the pot or both according to the amount of the fuel supply. The

flnal products of combustion pass out through of air to be heated to support the walls l6 conserving the heat to be used at or above the outlet from the pot through the wall III. This highly reflecting surface also maintalns'an increased temperature in the space 5, more highly heating the air supply through this space before it passes through the holes I in the shell 5. This highly reflecting surface also in.- creases the temperature of the shell supplying additional heat to the air passing through the holes therein. The highly reflecting surface 2| below the bottom wall l9 reflects heat to this bottom-wall causing quicker and more complete vaporization of the oil. When used in stoves, furnaces and the like the reflecting wall l8 reduces the heat in space 23 immediately around the burner, oflering'less interference with the circulation of air into the upper part of this heating space around the chamber l2 and increasing theover all efficiency of the unit. This highly reflecting surface reflects heat back toward the pot and the combustion" space thus greatly increasing the temperature of the mixture of air and vapors over the ordinary type of burner, giving much better and more complete combustion with higher combustiontemperatures, reducing to a minimum odors and incom pletely burned carbon .or other elements in the final products of combustion. This constructionburner with a chimney, The wick is indicated at 23 in the space between two shells and 3| to which 011 is supplied through a pipe 32 from any suitable source of supply not shown. Surrounding the upper end of this wick is a bame wall 33 forming an air passage 34 between this wall and the wick open at its lower end 35 for entrance of air. Surrounding this battle and spaced therefrom 'and extending upwardly a govtc -'generally known as the sleeve type blue flame.

suitable distance above the same is a chimney 33, the inner surface 31 of which is a bright highly heat reflecting surface which may be formed in any of the ways suggested for providing the bright heat reflecting surfaceilt of the device ofFig. 1. The connecting wall 33 between this chimney and the baflie 33 has-air inlet opene .Sings 39 leading to the space '40 between these elements. The upper wall of the chimneyis usually inclined inwardly somewhat as shown at 4| to. provide a somewhat reduced outlet opening ing a passage 43 for entrance of heated air and oil vapors into the combustion space '41. The sleeve 43 may besupported in any suitable way. In the present showing it is mountedon a transverse rod 43 mounted in.the wall 3|. The lower end of the passage 49 within the wall 3| and the sleeve 33 is open at its lower end for inward flow combustion on passing through the openings 45.

Upon the application of the flame oil .is vaporized at 46 at the upper end of the wick. This vapor mixes with theair' entering through paspassage 49 and the sleeve 43 which rises to the v .42. The highly heat reflecting surface 31 may or ing and reflecting the heat back to the wick and combustion spaces 46 and 41. It conserves the heat to be used at or above the outlet 42 and maintains a higher combustion temperature in the space 41. By reflecting heat to the wick chamber and the sleeve 43 the temperature in this'wick chamber and sleeve is raised, causing the air supply to become hotter, and causing quicker and more complete vaporization of the oil, thus causing more complete and quicker combustion of the oil and air mixture at 46. Heat is radiated to this point by the bright reflecting surface maintaining the temperature of the flame to its complete combustion,

By this construction and arrangement the combustion eflicienc is raised creating higher temperatures above the outlet 42 with a minimum of odor and free carbon in the final products of combustion, This'bumer is adapted for use for cook stoves, portable room heaters, water heaters, e

In Fig. 3 is shown'another'type of burner or perforated shell burner. It is adapted for use in cook stoves, portable room heaters, water heaters, etc. and also forall range burners. It comprises one or more spaced perforated shells 5| and 52 with a combustion space 53 between them and a wick 54 at the lower part of this space. This may be a short annular wick in a trough at the lower end of this space, or'it may be a deeperwick of the type shown in the drawing extending into an oil chamber between the shells 55 and 56 to which oil is supplied from any suitable source of supply, not shown, by the pipe 51. The shells 5| and 52 may be supported in the usual mannen'but in the present case are shown as mounted on shoulders on the flanges 53- and is at the upper edges .of the. shells 55 and 55.

Spaced from and surrounding the outer shell 514s a cylinder or casing 30 having ahighly polished or highly heat reflecting surface 3|, which may be the surface of the casing or applied thereto or otherwise formed in any of the ways suggested for forming the heat reflecting surface l3 of the device of Fig. 1. There may be a lower wall 32 at the lower end'of the'space 63 between the shell 52 and the casing which has air inletopenings 34, There may also be an inwardly inclinedtop' wall 35 at the upper end of the flectingsurface 3| may be. extended tovcover the innersurface of this top wall. The inner passage 81 through the wick chamber may be open at its lower end'for the entrance ofair passing through the inner side of'the shell 5| and sup plying airto the perforations in the shell. Witha in this shell and spaced a suitable distance therefrom and forming an air inlet and combustion passage 33 is preferably located a drum is provided on its'outer surface facing the shell 52- with a bright heat reflecting surface It similar to the surface 5| .on the inner'wall of the casing 63. The shell, and the. drumtil may be mounted in any suitable manner, but in the present case are shown as mounted on transverse rods II and 72 passing through the shells 5i and 52.

In this construction the heat vaporizes the oil from the wick in the lower part of the passage 53. The oil vapors and air are mixed in this passage between the shells 5| and 52. The mix- ..ture being in contact with these sl. ll surfaces.

combustion will take place, and if the shells are raised to a proper temperature these shells will become catalysts thus further assisting in the combustion, If the shells are raised to a sufflciently high temperature the combustion is complete and there is a minimum of disagreeable odors and free carbon present'in the products of combustion. The bright reflective surface 6| reduces heat radiation from the shell 60 conserving and increasing the heat to be used at and above the outlet 86, and the combustion temperature of the space 53 is maintained at a higher point. 'By reflecting heat back from the surfaces 5!. and 10 toward its source the temperature of the source is raised and a higher temperature, is maintained at the shells 5| and 52, and in the space 53. Also, the air supply through the spaces 53 and 68 is more highly heated giving it a higher temperature before being mixed with the oil vapors thus still further increasing the temperature of combustion. Furthermore the vaporizing chamber at the lower part of the space 53 and the wick chamber are heated to a higher degree causing a quicker and better vaporization of the oil, and such vapor being hotter burns faster and more completely. Under the topwall 85 from its inner surface 8| heat is radiated to the rising flame maintaining its temperature to its complete combustion.

By the aboveconstruction and arrangement the combustion eiflciency: is raised, creating higher temperatures at and above the outlet 65, with theresult that there is greater heating efllciency and there' is a minimum of odors and free carbon in the final products of combustion.

-A similar result is secured by the'higher heat reflecting surface in all of the forms shown, and it will be evident the same result can be secured by supplying such surface about other types of toward the zone of combustion in said chamberf H 3. In a combustion apparatus of the character described, an upright burner chamber, means for supplying oil to the lower part of said chamber to be vaporized therein, means for supplying air tothe oil v'aporfor combustion thereof, andan upright wall surrounding said chamber having a surface of non-combustible material and which is bright and highly heat reflecting arranged to reflect heat back toward said chamber at the zone of combustion.

4. In a combustion apparatus, an oil burner comprising a pot closed at the bottom and having a perforated side wall, means for supplying oil to the bottom of the pot, an upright wall surrounding and spaced from said perforated wall forming an air space for supply of air to said perforations, and said upright wall having an inner surface of highly heat reflecting material to reflect heat back toward the perforated wall.

5. ma combustion apparatus an oil burner comprising a pot closed at the bottom and hav- 4 ing a perforated side wall, meansfor supplying liquid fuel to the bottom of the pot, an outer upright wall spaced from the perforated wall forming an air supply passage to the perforations, the inner surface of said outer wall-being.

a bright highly heat reflecting surface, a baille plate spaced below the bottom wall of the pot,

and said plate having a bright highlyheat re flecting surface toward the bottom of the pot.

s. In an oil burner, a wick chamber and awick' I in the chamber, means for supplying oil to the oil burners to reflect the heat back into the flame lower part thereof, means, for feeding air to the vaporized oil, and an upright wall surrounding said chamber having a bright highly heat reflecting surface toward said chamber to reflect wick, a baiile surrounding the wick chamber and forming a passage for airto the'chamber at'the top of the wick, and a shell surrounding the chamber and baffle and extending above the same, said shell having a bright highly heat reflecting surfaceon its inner wall to reflect heat back into the wick chamber and the space above this chamber. I

7. In an oil burner, a pair of spaced perforated shells forming a combustion chamber between them, means at the lower part of this chamber for supplying oil for vaporization therein, a casing surrounding the outer shell and spaced therefrom, there being passages for supply of air to the space within the inner shell and the space between the casing and the outer shell, and the inner surface of the casing being of highly heat reflecting material'to reflect the heat back toward the perforated shells.

8. In -a combustion apparatus an oil burner comprising a pair of spaced perforated shells a large amount of heat back toward the chamber at the zone of combustion.

2. Combustionapparatus of the character described comprising a burner chamber having an plying oil to the lower part of said chamber to be vaporized therein, means for supplying air to the vaporized oil for combustion thereof, and an upright wall surroundingand spaced from the first wall forming a passage. for supply of air to support combustion and having a bright highly heat reflecting surface toward said chamber and arranged to reflect a large amount of heat back upright surrounding 'side wall, means for supforming a combustion space between them, means for supplying liquid fuel to the lower part of this space for vaporization therein, a casing surrounding the outer shell and spaced therefrom to form an air passage, a drum within the inner shell and spaced from this shell, to form an air passage, and the inner surface of the casing and the outer surface of the drum beingjof bright highly heat reflecting material to reflect the heat back into the shells.

9. Ina combustion apparatus of the character described, an oil burner comprising a burner chamber having aperforated upright side wall, means for supplying oil to said chamber to be vaporized therein, an upright wall surrounding and spaced fromthe perforated side wall forming an air space for supplying air to said perforations for-supply of air to the vaporized oil for -combustion thereof, and said second wall having a bright highly heat reflecting surface toward 4 aaaacea said perforated wall arranged to reflect heat back toward the perforated wall.

10. In a combustion apparatus, an oil burner having a combustion space and an upright wall around said space providing means for supplying air to said space for combustion of vaporized'oil therein, means for supplying oil to said space to be vaporized therein, an upright wall surrounding I the first wall and forming therewith an air passage for supply of air for combustion, and said second mentioned upright wall having aninner surface of bright highly heat reflecting material to reflect heat back toward the combustion space.

HENRY HORTON SAUNDERS.

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