US2289578A - Alkaline cleaning composition - Google Patents
Alkaline cleaning composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2289578A US2289578A US2289578DA US2289578A US 2289578 A US2289578 A US 2289578A US 2289578D A US2289578D A US 2289578DA US 2289578 A US2289578 A US 2289578A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- caustic
- pyrophosphate
- conveyor
- cleaning composition
- alkaline cleaning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 42
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229940048084 Pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 12
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L phosphate Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J Pyrophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 8
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J Tetrasodium pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001464 adherent Effects 0.000 description 6
- -1 alkali metal pyrophosphate Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940043256 Calcium Pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J Calcium pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O JUNWLZAGQLJVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019821 dicalcium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
Definitions
- the conveyor is equipped with means for holding the objects to be washed, these being usually pockets or hooks.
- pockets When pockets are employed, the objects are carried through in them, the pockets being full of hot caustic solution during the passage through ,the solution. Thereafter the objects are discharged from the pockets and rinsed in rinsing water.
- the wet conveyor pockets are refilled with fresh objects and the cycle repeated.
- the rinse water is fresh water containing some magnesium and calcium hardness and this hardness is precipitated upon the conveyor pockets and chains, or upon the hooks, if hooks are-used. This precipitation occurs when the conveyor covered by a film of hard water enters the strong caustic solution.
- the caustic causes the precipitation of the calcium and magnesium in the form of a hard adherent film and this operation is repeated every time the conveyor re-enters the solution.
- a continuous and ultimately serious buildingup of scale on the conveyor pockets, hooks, and other objects occurs, and this also tends to occur on the bottles or other objects which are entering the solution, either because they are partially wetted with hard water by contact with the wet conveyor parts, or otherwise wet, or due to the proximity of the wetted conveyor parts during the precipitation operation.
- the precipitate of calcium and magnesium is in the form of an insoluble phosphate, but this film likewise is adherent to the conveyor and the articles being conveyed. Furthermore, the presence of orthophosphate will permit an additional precipitation in the rinse bath.
- alkali metal pyrophosphate to the caustic soda bath results in the formation of an adheret calcium pyrophosphate scale when hard water is contacted.
- a cleaning composition is made up of a pre-' dominant proportion of caustic alkali, and alkali metal pyrophosphates and orthophosphates are added thereto in a carefully controlled relationship, the hard water impurities may be preclpiated as phosphates at such a slow rate that the film is totally eliminated or may be reduced to such an extent that it is not appreciable.
- the preferred composition consists essentially of the following: y
- the amount of tetrasodium pyrophosphate should be at least as much as the trisodium phosphate, and should not bemore than over four times as much as the trisodium phosphate.
- the caustic alkali is preferably at least of the total of the alkali and phosphate ingredients, and is not greater than approximately 94%.
- composition may be employed containing:
- Phosphoric or pyrophosphoric acids or acid salts may be employed, provided the caustic alkali is provided in sufllcient excess to make up ior the loss of alkalinity thus introduced.
- the concentration of the aqueous solution of the cleaning composition will depend of course upon the hardness of the water employed. For example, with water containing about 800 P.P.M. of hardness, a caustic soda ccncentration of about 3% is preferred.
- a composition of matter for use on automatic washing machinery employing hot detergent solutions in connection with hard water consisting essentially of a predominant proportion of a caustic alkali, a relatively small proportion or an alkali metal pyrophosphate and an alkali metal orthophosphate, the amount of the caustic alkali being at least 70% of the specified ingredients, and the ratio of pyrophosphate P205 to one part of orthophosphate P205 being between approximately 3 to 12 parts by weight, 30
- composition of matter for use on automatic washing machinery employing hot detergent solutions in connection with hard water consisting essentially 0!:
- composition of matter for use on automatic washing machinery employing hot detergent solutions in connection with hard water consisting essentially of:
Description
Patented July 14, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC j 2,289,578
v ALKALINE CLEANING oomrosrrion Harry H. Hull, Chicago Heights, and Joseph Janota, In,
Crete, Ill., asaiznors to The Diversey Corpo ation, a, corporation of Illinois No Drawing.
Application December 5, 1940, Serial No. 368,736
.4 Claims. (cl. 252-135) In hard water, however, strong caustic soda solution has the disadvantage that the calcium and magnesium of the hard water will precipitate on the bottles and the automatic machinery ordinarily employed, to form an adherent carbonate film.
In washing bottles or other shaped articles, on a large scale, the operation is usually carried out on a continuous metal conveyor passing through a strong, hot, caustic alkali solution.
The conveyor is equipped with means for holding the objects to be washed, these being usually pockets or hooks. When pockets are employed, the objects are carried through in them, the pockets being full of hot caustic solution during the passage through ,the solution. Thereafter the objects are discharged from the pockets and rinsed in rinsing water. The wet conveyor pockets are refilled with fresh objects and the cycle repeated. Usually the rinse water is fresh water containing some magnesium and calcium hardness and this hardness is precipitated upon the conveyor pockets and chains, or upon the hooks, if hooks are-used. This precipitation occurs when the conveyor covered by a film of hard water enters the strong caustic solution. The caustic causes the precipitation of the calcium and magnesium in the form of a hard adherent film and this operation is repeated every time the conveyor re-enters the solution. As a result, a continuous and ultimately serious buildingup of scale on the conveyor pockets, hooks, and other objects occurs, and this also tends to occur on the bottles or other objects which are entering the solution, either because they are partially wetted with hard water by contact with the wet conveyor parts, or otherwise wet, or due to the proximity of the wetted conveyor parts during the precipitation operation.
If orthophosphate is added to the caustic alkali solution, the precipitate of calcium and magnesium is in the form of an insoluble phosphate, but this film likewise is adherent to the conveyor and the articles being conveyed. Furthermore, the presence of orthophosphate will permit an additional precipitation in the rinse bath.
The addition of alkali metal pyrophosphate to the caustic soda bath results in the formation of an adheret calcium pyrophosphate scale when hard water is contacted.
It has now been discovered, however, that if a cleaning composition is made up of a pre-' dominant proportion of caustic alkali, and alkali metal pyrophosphates and orthophosphates are added thereto in a carefully controlled relationship, the hard water impurities may be preclpiated as phosphates at such a slow rate that the film is totally eliminated or may be reduced to such an extent that it is not appreciable.
The preferred composition consists essentially of the following: y
a Per cent Caustic soda (commercial) 82.5
Tetrasodlum pyrophosphate (anhydrous) 10.0
Trisodium phosphate (crystalline) 7.5
The amount of tetrasodium pyrophosphate should be at least as much as the trisodium phosphate, and should not bemore than over four times as much as the trisodium phosphate.
This means a ratio of pyrophosphate P205 to orthophosphate P205 3-to-1 and 12-to-1.
between approximately The caustic alkali is preferably at least of the total of the alkali and phosphate ingredients, and is not greater than approximately 94%.
As an example of a substantially minimum caustic alkali concentration, a composition may be employed containing:
Per cent Caustic soda '10 Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 20 Trisodium phosphate 10 On the other hand, a composition employing:
was satisfactory at the other end of the range. This means a range of orthophosphate 2 I f aesama P205 of from approximately 0.35% to approximately 1.9%, and a pyrophosphate P105 content from approximately 2.1% to 10.6%.
Phosphoric or pyrophosphoric acids or acid salts may be employed, provided the caustic alkali is provided in sufllcient excess to make up ior the loss of alkalinity thus introduced.
The concentration of the aqueous solution of the cleaning composition will depend of course upon the hardness of the water employed. For example, with water containing about 800 P.P.M. of hardness, a caustic soda ccncentration of about 3% is preferred.
The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom.
What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:
1. A composition of matter for use on automatic washing machinery employing hot detergent solutions in connection with hard water consisting essentially of a predominant proportion of a caustic alkali, a relatively small proportion or an alkali metal pyrophosphate and an alkali metal orthophosphate, the amount of the caustic alkali being at least 70% of the specified ingredients, and the ratio of pyrophosphate P205 to one part of orthophosphate P205 being between approximately 3 to 12 parts by weight, 30
whereby scale formation on the automatic washing machinery is substantially prevented.
2. A composition of matter for use on automatic washing machinery employing hot detergent solutions in connection with hard water consisting essentially 0!:
Per cent by weight Sodium hydroxide 70-94 Anhydrous sodium pyrophosphate 20 4 l0 Crystalline sodium orthophosphate 10- 2 3. A composition of matter for use on automatic washing machinery employing hot detergent solutions in connection with hard water consisting essentially of:
Per cent by weight Caustic soda; 80-85 Anhydrous tetrasodium pyrophosphate 9-12 Crystalline trisodium orthophosphate 6-10 HARRY H. HULL. JOSEPH JANOTA, JR.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2289578A true US2289578A (en) | 1942-07-14 |
Family
ID=3432753
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US2289578D Expired - Lifetime US2289578A (en) | Alkaline cleaning composition |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2289578A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2447297A (en) * | 1942-01-06 | 1948-08-17 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Protection of glass surfaces against alkali attack |
US2455648A (en) * | 1948-12-07 | Method of producing an alkaline | ||
US2509440A (en) * | 1950-05-30 | Caustic alkali detergent | ||
US2514304A (en) * | 1950-07-04 | Process fob washing glass articles |
-
0
- US US2289578D patent/US2289578A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2455648A (en) * | 1948-12-07 | Method of producing an alkaline | ||
US2509440A (en) * | 1950-05-30 | Caustic alkali detergent | ||
US2514304A (en) * | 1950-07-04 | Process fob washing glass articles | ||
US2447297A (en) * | 1942-01-06 | 1948-08-17 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Protection of glass surfaces against alkali attack |
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